 | A catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia |  |
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT.
SCHOOL OF LATIN.
Prof. Peters.
The subjects taught in this school are the Latin Language and Literature,
with the History of Rome. The school is divided into three classes
—Junior, Intermediate, and Senior.
| Text-Books. | Junior Class—Cæsar, Ovid, Sallust. |
| Intermediate Class—Cicero, Virgil, Terence, Livy. | |
| Senior Class—Cicero, Horace, Livy, Juvenal, Tacitus. | |
| Grammar. | Zumpt's, Gildersleeve's, Harrison's Exposition of the Laws of the Latin Language. |
| Lexicons. | Andrew's, or Freunds' Leverett. |
| History. | Browne's Roman Literature, Liddell's Rome, Long's Atlas. |
Instruction is given by lectures, and by examinations upon the portions
of text assigned for recitation. The exercises of rendering Latin into
English, and English into Latin, in writing, constitute a prominent feature
in the course. In addition to the portions of the several authors
read in the lecture room, a course of extra and parallel reading is required
in each class.
Sanskrit.
The Professor of Latin will also give instruction in Sanskrit.
Text-Books.—Monier Williams' Grammar, Benfey's Lexicon, selections from the
Mahâ-Bhârata.
SCHOOL OF GREEK.
Prof. Gildersleeve.
The school is divided into three classes—Junior, Intermediate, and
Senior. The method of instruction comprises lectures (systematic and
exegetical), examinations, written and oral exercises.
Junior Class.—The Junior Class is intended especially for those who desire to
make a thorough review of the inflections, and to acquire a practical familiarity with the
great principles of the language. The only author read in this class is Xenophon.
Grammar.—Kühner's Elementary, Goodwin's Elementary.
Intermediate Class.—Lysias, Xenophon, Herodotus, Homer, and Demosthenes.
Senior Class.—Thucydides, Sophocles, Euripides, and Plato.
Grammars.—Hadley's, Kühner's, Goodwin's Moods and Tenses.
Liddell and Scott's Lexicon, Smith's History of Greece.
A private course of parallel and preparatory reading is also prescribed
for each class.
The weekly exercises constitute a prominent feature in the plan of instruction.
In the examination of candidates for graduation in Latin and Greek,
the passages given for the written translations are selected, not from the
portions of authors which have been read and explained in the lecture-room,
but from the classic writers at will.
Post-Graduate Department.—The Post-Graduate Department has
been instituted for the benefit of graduates and others who wish to pursue
a more extended course of reading. The authors read in this department
are such as are, either by their form or subjects, less suited for
the regular school; e. g. Æschylus, Aristophanes, and Aristotle.
Hebrew.
The Professor of Greek will also give instruction in Hebrew whenever
the demand for such instruction is sufficient to make the institution of
a course of lectures expedient.
Grammar—Deutsch's.
SCHOOL OF MODERN LANGUAGES.
Prof. Schele De Vere.
The subjects taught in this school are:
1. The French, German, Italian, and Spanish languages.
2. The Literature of these languages, and the History of each idiom, embracing the
general principles of the formation and growth of languages, and of Comparative Grammar
and Philology.
3. The Anglo-Saxon language, and, in connection with it, the History and Laws of
the English language.
Graduation in French and German is required for the degree of A. M.
Diplomas of Graduation are conferred in each of the four languages
mentioned in § 1; a Certificate of Proficiency in Anglo-Saxon.
French.
Text-Books.—Junior Class.—The Professor's Grammar and First Reader, Télémaque,
Charles XII.
Senior Class.—The Professor's Grammar, Molière, Racine, Voltaire, Saintine's
Picciola, Masson's Dictionary. A course of private reading is prescribed.
German.
Junior Class.—Otto's Grammar, Whitney's Reader, Schiller's William Tell.
Senior Class.—Whitney's Grammar, Adler's Dictionary, Schiller's Works, Gœthe's
Autobiography and Faust, Jean Paul's Flegeljahre. A course of private reading is
prescribed.
Spanish.
The Professor's Grammar, Seoane's Dictionary, Velasquez' Reader, Don Quixote,
Calderon's El Principe Constante.
Italian.
Bacchi's Grammar, Monti's Reader, Manzoni's I Promessi Sposi, Tasso's Gerusalemme
Liberata, Pellico's Le Mie Prigioni, Dictionary.
Anglo-Saxon.
Shute's Manual of Anglo-Saxon, The Professor's Studies in English.
SCHOOL OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
Prof. Noah K. Davis.
The subjects of this School are treated as follows:
I. In Psychology, the Intellectual Powers are viewed as modes
of consciousness, and distributed as Presentation, Representation,
and Reason. The discussion, having evolved the laws of Pure Thought,
is followed immediately by the course in Logic. The Psychology of
the Sensibilities and Will is then considered, followed by the course in
Ethics. Constant appeal is made to reflective consciousness as the
ultimate test of truth in Psychological Science.
Text-Books.—Hamilton's Metaphysics, Mansel's Metaphysics, Kant's Critique of Pure
Reason.
II. In Logic both the Aristotelic and Hamiltonian analyses are applied
to many examples, and select arguments reduced to syllogistic statement.
Special attention is given to the nature and methods of inductive inference.
Text-Books.—Hamilton's Logic, Mill's Logic.
III. In Ethics the intuitional theory is maintained against utilitarianism.
The chief problems of ethical science are discussed, and its principles
applied to personal and social duty.
Text-Books.—Calderwood's Hand Book of Moral Philosophy, Stewart's Active and
Moral Powers, Blackie's Four Phases of Morals.
IV. In Philosophy an outline of the history of speculation is given,
from Plato to Hegel. The opinions of the various schools are sketched,
the views of different philosophers compared and criticised, and the principles
of Ontology examined.
Text-Book.—Ueberweg's History of Philosophy.
In this School there are three lectures a week, from 3½ to 5 o'clock
P. M. The student is examined on the subject as developed by the
lectures, supplemented by such portions of the text-books as may be indicated
by the Professor.
Political Economy.
On this associated subject there is one lecture a week. The relations
of Labor and Capital are discussed; also various systems of Currency,
Banking, Finance, and Taxation, with special reference to what is peculiar
in the physical condition, political and social institutions, and industrial
pursuits of our own country. Fundamental questions in Sociology
are also considered.
Text-Books.—Mill's Principles of Political Economy, and Bowen's American Political
Economy.
SCHOOL OF HISTORY, GENERAL LITERATURE
AND RHETORIC.
Prof. Holmes.
This School is divided into two distinct classes—one of History and
one of Literature and Rhetoric. To each, two lectures in the week are
regularly devoted; but exercises in literary composition are required
separately.
Class of History.
In the Historical Class the successions, revolutions, and various aspects
of the principal nations of the world are considered in such a manner as
to afford a general and connected view of the progress of political and
social organizations. Institutions and laws are noted as the manifestations
of different phases of society; an attempt is made to discover and
elucidate the conditions of historical advancement, and to refer the
changes of nations and governments to the operation of regular principles.
Text-Books.—Schmitz's Manual of Ancient History; Smith's History of Greece;
Gibbon, Abridged by Smith; Taylor's Manual of Modern History.
For Reference.—Long's Ancient Atlas: Appleton's (College) Atlas, or Chambers'
Atlas: Blair's Chronology (Bohn's edition.)
Class of Literature and Rhetoric.
In the class of Literature and Rhetoric, the English Language, English
Composition, Rhetoric, and the English Classics, with the History
of English Literature, are studied.
The origin, growth and philological peculiarities of the Language are
considered; the various influences, domestic and external, by which it has
been brought to its present condition, are explained; the general principles
of Rhetoric and Criticism are taught; the lives of the most eminent
authors in the language are treated in their historical order and connection;
and the critical examination and appreciation of their chief productions
occupy much of the time of the student. The class will also be
required to practice Literary Composition.
Text-Books.—Jamieson's Grammar of Rhetoric; Shaw's Complete Manual of English
Literature, Ed. Smith and Tuckerman; Student's Specimens of English Literature,
Ed. Shaw and Smith, London.
Shakspeare's Complete Works; Milton's Poetical Works.
For instruction in Oratory or spoken composition, those portions of
Dr. Broadus's Treatise on the Preparation and Delivery of Sermons which
are appropriate to secular purposes, are specially commended. The study
of Angus's Handbook of the English Language is also recommended.
SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS.
Prof. Venable.
This school embraces two distinct departments or courses:
1. Pure Mathematics.
2. Mixed Mathematics.
Pure Mathematics.
In the course of Pure Mathematics there are three classes—Junior,
Intermediate, and Senior.
Junior Class.—Theory of Arithmetical Notation and Operations, Algebra, Geometry,
Geometrical Analysis, Elementary Plane Geometry. The preparation desirable
for entrance into this class is the thorough study of Arithmetic, of Algebraic Operations
through Equations of the Second Degree, and of Plane Geometry.
Intermediate Class.—Plane Trigonometry, Analytical Geometry of two dimensions,
the Elements of Descriptive Geometry, and of the Theory of Equations.
Senior Class.—Analytical Geometry of three Dimensions, Differential and Integral
Calculus, Calculus of Variations, and Theory of Equations. Lectures are given in
this class on the History of Mathematics, and on the elements of some of the modern
Mathematical Theories.
Text-Books.—Junior Class.—Venable's Higher Arithmetic, Todhunter's Algebra,
Venable's Geometry.
Intermediate Class.—Snowball's Trigonometry, Law's Logarithms, Puckle's Conic
Sections (Analytical Geometry), Church's Descriptive Geometry. For reference, Todhunter's
Theory of Equations.
Senior Class.—Aldis' Solid Geometry, Courtenay's Calculus, Todhunter's Differential
and Integral Calculus.
In the Junior Class there are three lectures each week; in the Intermediate
Class, two lectures each week; in the Senior Class, three lectures
each week.
Mixed Mathematics.
This course is designed for those students who may desire to prosecute
their studies beyond the limits of the Pure Mathematics. It embraces
Applications of the Differential and Integral Calculus to selected portions
of Mechanics, Physics, and Physical Astronomy. There is one class in
Mixed Mathematics.
In the class of Mixed Mathematics, there are two lectures each week.
The instruction in each class in the School of Mathematics is conveyed
partly by lectures and partly by the systematic study of approved textbooks,
the student being assisted by full and frequent explanations from
the Professor, and being constantly subjected to rigid examinations.
The progress of the student in each class is also tested by his being required
to perform written exercises, in which the principles acquired are
applied to the solution of particular problems.
Any student entering the school has the privilege of attending all or
any of the classes, and if prepared to enter an advanced class, may often
find it highly advantageous to review his previous studies by attendance
on a lower class also.
SCHOOL OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
Prof. Smith.
This School includes two departments—General Physics and Practical
Physics.
I. General Physics.
Junior Class.—The Junior Class meets three times in each week
throughout the session of nine months. The object of the course of
lectures to this class is to furnish the student with a comprehensive view
of Modern Physics, and to make him familiar with its methods of investigation.
With the design of laying a thoroughly scientific basis for the
course, a large space is given at the outset to the discussion of the cardinal
doctrines of motion, force and energy, and to their simpler applications
in the pressure and motion of visible masses.
With this preparation the student proceeds to the subject of Molecular
Physics, embracing Sound, Light, Heat and Electricity. Throughout the
course the established laws of motion and force are kept steadily in view,
and an attempt is made to exhibit the evidence, daily becoming stronger
and clearer, for the prevalent belief among scientists, that the entire body
of Physics is a coherent and harmonious system of mechanical truth.
Text-Books.—The Professor's Syllabus. Treatise on Nat. Phil.: by Privat Deschanel.
Senior Class.—This class meets twice each week, and studies Mechanics
and Astronomy.
Text-Books.—Parkinson's Mechanics, in conjunction with the Professor's Syllabus.
Norton's Astronomy, with Chauvenet's Astronomy for reference.
Candidates for graduation in the school of Natural Philosophy are required
to attend only the foregoing classes.
II. Practical Physics.
To meet the wants of students who may be preparing themselves to
become teachers of science, and of those who, for other reasons, desire to
push their studies in Physics beyond the limits of the lecture room course,
the Visitors have recently instituted a special department with the above
title, and have authorised a separate diploma of graduation to be given
to such as exhibit proficiency in its exercises. The course of instruction
in this class will be partly theoretical and partly experimental, embracing
the following topics:
A. Theoretical.—Reduction of observations. Graphical representation
of results. Interpolation. Method of Least Squares. Essays
on prescribed Physical topics.
B. Experimental.—In this, the main portion of the course, the student
will learn physical manipulation, and the use of instruments by actual
practice.
1. Lecture-room Apparatus and lecture-room Experiments.
2. Physical measurements and "instruments of precision." Cathetometer.
Spherometer. Dividing Engine. Goniometer. Balance. Syren.
Monochord. Revolving Mirror. Photometer. Microscope. Spectroscope.
Polariscope. Electrometer. Galvanometer. Meteorological instruments,
with daily use of the same.
Text-Books.—Chauvenet, "Method of Least Squares,"—Pickering, "Physical
Manipulation,"—Kohlrausch, "Physical Measurements."
By order of the Board of Visitors, the Professor is not required to
form this class if less than six students enter it.
MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY.
These subjects are, for the present, annexed to this school, and are
assigned to a separate class, which the members of other classes in the
School may attend without payment of an additional fee. The lectures
embrace Physical Geography and Mineralogy, so far as they are indispensable
to the student of Geology. Special reference is made to the
Geological structure of Virginia and the neighboring States.
Text-Book.—Dana's Manual of Geology.
SCHOOL OF GENERAL AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY.
Prof. Mallet.
In this school there are two classes:
I. The class in general Chemistry hears three lectures each week
throughout the session. The fundamental ideas of chemical science, the
relations of Chemistry to Physics, the laws regulating chemical combinations
by weight and by volume, the atomic theory as at present viewed
in connection with Chemistry, the chemical nomenclature and symbols
now in use, and a general survey of the descriptive chemistry of the elements
and their compounds, inorganic and organic, are brought forward
in order, with incidental allusion to the applications in medicine, the arts,
and manufactures, of the facts mentioned.
The attention of medical students is particularly drawn to the physiological,
medical, and sanitary relations of the subject—the chemical
nature and properties of poisons, methods of detecting them, and of
counteracting their effects, &c.
Text-Books.—"Fownes' Chemistry," last edition. Recommended for reference:
Miller's "Elements of Chemistry;" À Naquet—"Principes de Chimie fondée sur les
théories modernes."
Lectures on Pharmacy are given to the students of medicine, this
special course beginning soon after the intermediate examinations.
Text Book.—Parrish's Pharmacy.
II. The class in Industrial Chemistry, to which class also three lectures
a week are delivered, studies in detail the chemical principles and processes
specially concerned in the more important arts and manufactures,
upon which, in large measure, depends the development of the natural
resources of the country, the opportunity being thus presented of preparation
for such positions as those of the miner and metallurgist, the
chemical manufacturer, the dyer, bleacher, tanner, sugar refiner, etc.
Amongst the more important subjects discussed are: the production
of MATERIALS OF VERY GENERAL APPLICATION, including the metallurgy of
iron, copper, lead, zinc, tin, silver, gold, etc.; the preparation and properties
of alloys, and the processes of electro-metallurgy, the manufacture
upon the large scale of acids, alkalies, salts, glass, porcelain, and earthenware;
the production and preservation of FOOD, including the processes
of bread-baking, wine-making, brewing, and distilling; the manufacture
of sugar and vinegar, the curing of meat, the examination and purification
of drinking water, etc.; chemical arts relating to CLOTHING, such as
bleaching, dyeing, calico printing, tanning, and the preparation of India
rubber; the chemistry of those arts which afford us SHELTER, embracing
the examination of building materials, lime-burning, the manufacture of
mortar and cements, the explosive agents used in blasting, as gunpowder,
gun cotton, nitro-glycerine, paints and varnishes, disinfecting materials,
etc.; HEATING and VENTILATION, the different kinds of fuel and modes of
burning them; ILLUMINATION by artificial means, candles, lamps, the
preparation of petroleum, the manufacture of illuminating gas, matches;
the chemistry of WASHING, the preparation of soap, starch and perfumes;
the chemical relations of PRINTING and WRITING, the manufacture of
paper, ink, artists' colors, photographic materials, etc.
Text-Books.—Wagner's "Chemical Technology," translated by Crookes. For reference:
Richardson and Watt's "Chemical Technology;" Muspratt's "Chemistry as
Applied to Arts and Manufactures;" Ure's "Dictionary of Arts and Manufactures;"
Dumas—"Traité de Chimie appliquée aux Arts;" Percy's "Metallurgy," etc.
The lectures to both these classes are illustrated by suitable experiments,
and by such specimens, models, drawings, etc., as the various subjects
require. The collections of the University in illustration of the processes
and products of Industrial Chemistry have been procured with
much expense and pains in this country, England, France, and Germany,
and are unusually extensive and good—amongst the best, if not the best,
on this side of the Atlantic.
SCHOOL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND CIVIL ENGINEERING.
Adjunct Prof. Thornton.
The business of this department is distributed among three classes, as
follows:
JUNIOR.
1. Engineering Geodesy, including Land Surveying, Levelling, and Topographical
Surveying, with Field work, which is continued throughout
the course.
2. Theory of Projections, Orthogonal, Axonometric and Oblique, with
the Construction of Shades and Shadows.
3. Construction and Setting out of Roads, Railways, Tunnels, and
Canals.
4. Elementary Free-hand and Topographical Drawing.
INTERMEDIATE.
1. Linear Perspective.
2. Resistance of Materials, and Stability of Constructions in Earth,
Masonry, Wood and Metals, including the Construction of Foundations,
Retaining Walls, Arches, Bridges and Roofs.
3. Higher Geodesy, and the Projection of Maps.
4. Free-hand and Topographical Drawing, Constructive Drawing and
Design.
SENIOR.
1. Theoretical and Constructive Mechanism, and the Mechanics of
Machines.
2. Hydraulic Engineering, Theory of Hydraulic Motors.
3. Thermodynamics, Theory of the Steam Engine.
4. Mechanical Drawing and Design.
Text-Books.—Rankine's "Civil Engineering;" Warren's "Descriptive Geometry;"
Warren's "Linear Perspective;" Smith's "Topographical Drawing;" Rankine's
"Machinery and Mill Work."
Lectures are delivered supplementary to the text-books, and systematic
on subjects for which no suitable text-book is attainable.
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING.
The course of Agricultural Engineering embraces selected portions of
the course of Civil Engineering, together with a further course on the
construction and use of Agricultural Machines.
MINING ENGINEERING.
The course of Mining Engineering embraces selected portions of the
course of Civil Engineering, together with the Theory of Underground
Surveying, Setting out Underground Works, and the construction and
use of Machines used in the working of Mines.
SCHOOL OF ANALYTICAL AND AGRICULTURAL
CHEMISTRY.
Prof. Mallet. Adjunct Prof. Dunnington.
In Analytical Chemistry there are two classes:
I. The first class meets twice each week during the session, on each
occasion spending from two to four hours in practical experiments in
the laboratory. A regularly arranged course of practice in chemical
manipulation is first pursued; qualitative analysis is then taken up, and
the means of detecting the most important chemical substances having
been learned, students are required to find out for themselves, by analysis,
the constituents of unknown materials presented to them. Special
attention is given to substances having useful applications in the arts or
connected with agriculture. Towards the close of the session, the elements
of quantitative analysis are taught, as far as the limitation of time
will permit.
II. The laboratory will be open to the second class on six days of
each week during the whole of the working hours of each day. A full
course of instruction in practical chemistry, including the qualitative and
quantitative analysis of ores, soils, manures, technical products, etc.,
will be given; and students will be assisted and encouraged to undertake
original research.
Among the works recommended to laboratory students are: Fresenius—"Qualitative
and Quantitative Analysis;" H. Rose—"Handbuch der analytischen Chemie" (also in
French translation); Greville Williams—"Handbook of Chemical Manipulation;"
Bestimmung der Mineralien," (also in English translation); Bolley—"Handbuch der
technisch-chemischen Untersuchungen;" Odling—"Practical Chemistry for Medical
Students;" A. H. Church—"Laboratory Guide for Agricultural Students."
Besides the above there will also be a class in Practical Pharmacy,
specially intended for medical students, which will receive twelve lessons
during the latter half of the session.
Text Books.—Parrish's Pharmacy; with Wood's and Bache's "United States Dispensatory,"
for reference.
In Agricultural Chemistry there is one class, to which lectures are
delivered once a week throughout the session; or, when found more convenient
to students of agriculture, a larger number of lectures per week
will be given during a part of the year only.
In this course the chemical and physical properties of soils, of the
atmosphere, and of plants, chemistry of the processes of vegetable life and
growth, the composition and chemical preparation of manures, etc., will
be discussed.
Text-Books.—S. W. Johnson—"How Crops Grow," and "How Crops Feed." For
reference—J. F. W. Johnston—"Agricultural Chemistry;" R. Hoffman—"Theoretisch-praktische
Ackerbauchemie."
Farmers who are not regular students of the University, but may desire
to attend this special course, are freely invited to do so.
Very liberal provision has been made in the way of material arrangements
for the teachings of this Chair. A new laboratory building of
ample size, specially designed for the purpose of working students, has
been erected, containing all necessary rooms, fitted with double windows
for the preservation of uniform temperature, and amply supplied with gas,
water, and all proper laboratory fixtures; and all needful apparatus, chemicals,
minerals, materials for analysis, etc., have been imported from
Europe in abundance.
SCHOOL OF NATURAL HISTORY, EXPERIMENTAL
AND PRACTICAL AGRICULTURE.
Prof. John R. Page.
This school will be divided into three classes, viz: Zoology, Botany,
and Agriculture.
I. Zoology will include the leading principles of the science, with
special reference to the Anatomy, Physiology, and Morphology of typical
species throughout the animal kingdom.
Special lectures will be given during this course in regard to Insects
injurious to Vegetation; Fish and Oyster culture, and the breeding, rearing,
and diseases of Domestic Animals.
II. Botany will include a minute history of the structure, physiology
and morphology of the plant, in embryo, root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit,
and formation of seed.
During this course, special lectures will be given on Noxious Weeds
and Useful Plants, and some of the Fungoid diseases of Plants.
III. Agriculture.—This course will be divided into two parts, Experimental
and Practical.
1. Experimental Agriculture will have reference to the food of Plants
in the Atmosphere and Soil; the formation, variety, classification and
adaptation of soils to various crops, illustrated by suitable experiments.
2. Practical Agriculture will relate to the Soil Cultivated, its nature,
exposure and drainage; the importance of making Domestic Manures
and their application; the use of Fertilizers, with experiments, in order
to show their effects. Tillage illustrated practically on the farm, in plowing,
subsoiling, harrowing, rolling, etc.; in preparing the land for the reception
of Seed, as well as in the cultivation of Crops. Special instruction
will be given in regard to the practical management of teams, in the various
mechanical operations on the farm.
The lectures in the three classes will be delivered concurrently throughout
the session, as far as practicable.
The following Text-Books will be used in this School:
"Manual of Zoology," Nicholson; "School and Field Book of Botany," Gray; "How
Crops Grow," Johnson; "How Crops Feed," Johnson; "Scientific Agriculture,"
Pendleton.
The following may be usefully referred to in connection with different parts of the
course: Carpenter's "Zoology;" Harris' "Insects Injurious to Vegetation;" Chapman's
"Flora of the Southern States;" "How to Farm Profitably," Mechi; "Muck
Manual," Dana; "American Weeds and Useful Plants," Darlington.
MILLER AGRICULTURAL SCHOLARSHIPS.
With a portion of the means supplied by the donation of Mr. Miller,
there has been established in connection with the Agricultural Department,
one scholarship of four hundred dollars per annum, and tenable
for one year, to be competed for at a special examination upon the whole
of the subjects taught in the department, to be held near the close of
each session. Candidates for this examination to be already graduates
in the studies of the department. Scholars thus elected will be expected
to continue their studies during the term of their scholarships, and to
render such assistance in the minor duties of instruction, in the performance
of analyses and researches, as may be required of them. It is
hoped that the opportunity may be afforded the successful competitors
of becoming thoroughly competent in their chosen direction of study,
worthy of public confidence in regard to all the purposes which their
special knowledge may subserve, and that even during their tenure of
the scholarship in question, they may be able to render useful service in
connection with agricultural experiments, the examination and analysis
of agricultural and other materials of general interest. They will be subject
to no charge for tuition in the schools of the department, but will be
expected to defray the expense of material they may consume in the
chemical laboratory.
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