Indian Philosophy. The dominant and best known
philosophy of India is the monistic Vedanta. But India
also has its dualistic philosophies. In particular, the
very ancient and very important Sāmkhya teaches that
both matter (or nature) and the Spirit have existed
throughout eternity.
Chinese Philosophy. The oldest Chinese distinguish
two fundamental powers, Yang and Yin. Yang is the
celestial principle, luminous, warm, masculine, active,
and creative;
Yin is earthly, dark, cold, feminine, pas-
sive, and receptive. But the Chinese philosophers rep-
resent them generally as manifestations of the same
principle.
