BIBLIOGRAPHY
The most influential work on Pietism is that of Albrecht
Ritschl, Geschichte des Pietismus, 3 vols. (Bonn, 1880-86),
whose violent prejudice against Pietism, and for that matter
against any sort of mysticism, makes his account seriously
unbalanced. The intellectual development of Pietism is
provocatively traced by Emanuel Hirsch, Geschichte der
neuern evangelischen Theologie, 2nd ed. (Gütersloh, 1960),
II, 91-438. The historiography of Pietism is summarized in
Johannes Wallmann, “Pietismus und Orthodoxie,” Heinz
Liebing and Walther Eltester, eds., Geist und Geschichte
der Reformation (Berlin, 1966), pp. 418-42. Perhaps the most
complete bibliography on Pietism is that of M. Schmidt,
“Pietismus,” Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 3rd
ed. (Tübingen, 1957-62), V, 370-81. The Pia desideria of
Spener has been edited and translated by Theodore G.
Tappert (Philadelphia, 1964), and Kurt Aland's Spener-
Studien (Berlin, 1943) brings together much of the needed
material. F. Ernst Stoeffler, The Rise of Evangelical Pietism
(Leiden, 1965) is a useful introduction. References have also
been made to H. J. Paton, The Categorical Imperative. A
Study in Kant's Moral Philosophy (Chicago, 1948), and to
F. Hegel, Early Theological Writings, trans. T. M. Knox,
Introduction by R. Kroner (Chicago, 1948), and to Arnold
Bergstraesser, Goethe's Image of Man and Society (Chicago,
1949). For Hölderlin, see E. Tonnelat, L'oeuvre poétique et
la pensée religieuse de Hölderlin (Paris, 1950).
JAROSLAV PELIKAN
[See also
Church; Reformation; Romanticism in Post-
Kantian Philosophy.]
