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An essay concerning human understanding
[frontispiece]
[title page]
To The Right Honourable Lord Thomas,
Epistle to the Reader
Introduction An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
1.
Book I Neither Principles Nor Ideas Are Innate
2.
Book II Of Ideas
1.
Chapter I Of Ideas in general, and their Original
2.
Chapter II Of Simple Ideas
3.
Chapter III Of Simple Ideas of Sense
4.
Chapter IV Idea of Solidity
5.
Chapter V Of Simple Ideas of Divers Senses
6.
Chapter VI Of Simple Ideas of Reflection
7.
Chapter VII Of Simple Ideas of both Sensation and Reflection
8.
Chapter VIII Some further considerations concerning our Simple Ideas of Sensation
9.
Chapter IX Of Perception
10.
Chapter X Of Retention
11.
Chapter XI Of Discerning, and other operations of the Mind
12.
Chapter XII Of Complex Ideas
13.
Chapter XIII Complex Ideas of Simple Modes:--and First, of the Simple Modes of the Idea of Space
14.
Chapter XIV Idea of Duration and its Simple Modes
15.
Chapter XV Ideas of Duration and Expansion, considered together
16.
Chapter XVI Idea of Number
17.
Chapter XVII Of Infinity
18.
Chapter XVIII Other Simple Modes
19.
Chapter XIX Of the Modes of Thinking
20.
Chapter XX Of Modes of Pleasure and Pain
21.
Chapter XXI Of Power
22.
Chapter XXII Of Mixed Modes
23.
Chapter XXIII Of our Complex Ideas of Substances
24.
Chapter XXIV Of Collective Ideas of Substances
25.
Chapter XXV Of Relation
26.
Chapter XXVI Of Cause and Effect, and other Relations
27.
Chapter XXVII Of Identity and Diversity
28.
Chapter XXVIII Of Other Relations
29.
Chapter XXIX Of Clear and Obscure, Distinct and Confused Ideas
30.
Chapter XXX Of Real and Fantastical Ideas
31.
Chapter XXXI Of Adequate and Inadequate Ideas
32.
Chapter XXXII Of True and False Ideas
1. Truth and falsehood properly belong to propositions, not to ideas.
2. Ideas and words may be said to be true, inasmuch as they really are ideas and words.
3. No idea, as an appearance in the mind, either true or false.
4. Ideas referred to anything extraneous to them may be true or false.
5. Other men's ideas; real existence; and supposed real essences, are what men usually refer their ideas to.
6. The cause of such reference.
7. Names of things supposed to carry in them knowledge of their essences.
8. How men suppose that their ideas must correspond to things, and to the customary meanings of names.
9. Simple ideas may be false, in reference to others of the same name, but are least liable to be so.
10. Ideas of mixed modes most liable to be false in this sense.
11. Or at least to be thought false.
12. And why.
13. As referred to real existence, none of our ideas can be false but those of substances.
14. Simple ideas in this sense not false, and why.
15. Though one man's idea of blue should be different from another's.
16. Simple ideas can none of them be false in respect of real existence.
17. Modes not false cannot be false in reference to essences of things.
18. Ideas of substances may be false in reference to existing things.
19. Truth or falsehood always supposes affirmation or negation.
20. Ideas in themselves neither true nor false.
21. But are false--when judged agreeable to another man's idea, without being so.
22. When judged to agree to real existence, when they do not.
23. When judged adequate, without being so.
24. When judged to represent the real essence.
25. Ideas, when called false.
26. More properly to be called right or wrong.
33.
Chapter XXXIII Of the Association of Ideas
3.
Book III Of Words
4.
Book IV Of Knowledge and Probability
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An essay concerning human understanding
[Description: Black and White engraving of John Locke]
An essay concerning human understanding