University of Virginia Library

It may be meant the Inconstant Goddesse Fortune, who was the Servant of the Gods, to whom was attributed the disposal of all sublunary things, she was painted with the horn of plenty in one hand, and a wheel in the other, by which was meant, her disposal of all earthly riches and the inconstancy of them:

Sen. in Hippol.

She was painted, also blindfolded, as bestowing her favours either impartially, or promiscuously as Senec. in Hippol.

Or else,

Neptune and Apollo, who induing humane shapes, were hired by Laomedon, to build the Walls of Troy, which being finished, he deny'd them their promis'd reward: The Gods angry at his perfidiousness and perjury afflicted the City, Neptune with inundations, Apollo with a pestilence. Laomedon Consulting the Oracle, it was answer'd, that the Gods could not be appeased, without they chose a Trojan Virgin by lot yearly, and exposed her to be devoured by a monstrous Whale: After many had run this fatal Chance, it fell at last on Hesione, Laomedons daughter, Hercules coming thither by chance, and seeing the Virgin bound to a rock, bargains with Laomedon to set her at liberty, and slay the Monster for his Horses begotten of divine seed: Hercules perform'd his part, but Laomedon denying him his reward, he returns afterwards with an army and sacked Troy, taking Priamus then a Child prisoner, but having slain Laomedon, he sets Priamus at liberty to enjoy his fathers Realm. Thus Ovid. Met. 11.

Rhesus King of Thrace, whose horses had they drunk of the River Xanthe by Troy, (as the Oracle delivered) Troy had been invincible, but he was slain, and his horses taken before they came thither by Ulysses and Dromedes.

put for Ister which falls (like Nile) into the Sea at 7 mouths.

Memnon with his Eastern Troops the Son of Tithon and Aurora Priamus's Nephew: slain by Achilles, whose ashes were converted to fowles. Ovid. Met. 13.

The Troops that came with Memnon, about the Perfic Gulfe, where the swift river Tigris disimbokes it self.

Penthesilea, Queen of the Amazons, slain by Achilles. See note third, upon the 5 Act.

the number of the Grecian Fleet, when they first set out for Troy.

Priamus's daughter, whom Phœbus loving, Sued for her maidenhead, which she promised him on Condition that he would indue her with the gift of Prophesie, or foretelling things to come; which having granted her, She would not hold to her promise, which the deceived God seeing ad{ded to} his former gift, that whatsoever she foretold, though never so true, should not be Credited: Nor did the Trojans believe what she predicted till afterwards they found it true to their sorrow.

Virg. Æn. 2.

Ogleby interpret.

Hecuba when she was with Child of Paris, dreamed that she was delivered of a fire-brand, which proved true, in that he was the cause of Troys destruction.

King of Ætolia, the Constant Companion of Ulysses in all his exploites: In stealing the horses of Rhesus and the Palladium of Troy, which could not be Conquer'd whilst that remained there.

He by whose Craft, the wooden horse was admitted into Troy, out of whose belly came the hidden Greeks, who surpriz'd the City by that Stratagem.

Hecuba when she was with Child of Paris, dreamed that she was delivered of a fire-brand, which proved true, in that he was the Cause of Troys destruction.

Priamus slain by Pyrrhus at the Altar of Jupiter Hercius, which was in the Court, between the Entrance and the Hall, where the Kings use to be Crowned.

Andromach, who after Pyrrhus had taken Hermione from Orestes, was given to Helenus, who was Priamus's Son, and a great Prophet; So that the time is here anticipated by the Author.

Theano. Antenor was a Trojan Prince, who after Troys overthrow, fled to the Venetians: he built Padua.

In Imitation of mourners, as the manner of the Preficæ was, to knock their breasts, tear their dishevell'd tresses, and la{ment w}ith groans and ejulations.

Paris, whose residence was on mount Ida, where whilst he kept sheep, the three Goddesses Juno, Pallas, Venus, presented themselves to him, making him the arbitrator of their strife for the Golden Ball, which he, despising the profer'd wisdom of Pallas, the Riches of Juno, adjudged to Venus, who had promis'd him the fairest Beauty in the world, which was Helena, whom she gave him in reward for his arbitration.

A City in Laconia, where the Brothers of Helena, Castor and Pollux were born.

The Ship in which Paris went, being made of the Pines that grew on Mount Ida, a Mountain Sacred to Cybele, and where she was chiefly worshipped, from whence her Priests where Call'd Idæi-dactyli.

The fields adjoyning to Troy, denominated from the promontoric Sigeum, by which was the Sepulchre of Achilles.

after the manner of the Præficæ, which was the sign to begin their lamentations.

Here is described the custome of those women hired to lament at funerals, they wore their hair disshevel'd, their necks and breasts bare, and striking their hands against them, made a fearful ejulation, and howling.

A promontory of Troy, in which was the Sepulcher of Ajax Telamonius.

Is the repercussion of the air against some rock or hill, or some obvious body which repears the dilated sound by reflection. But the Poets have feign'd it the effect of Love, whose Metamorphosis you may read in Ovid. lib. 3. She was a Nymph of the river Cephissus, who falling in Love with Narcissus, and being by him rejected pined her self with grief to a stone, her voyce onely remaining, &c.

Here 'tis said she is never found in Mountains, and that is because there is no obstacle to strike back the air, but if you stand at a Convenient distance from the mountain (especially if there be any Caverns.) you will according to my author finde this vocal Nymphs habitation to be at the foot of the hill, or on the sides of the rock.

They did believe that humane blood was pleasing to the defunct, which made them not onely use these Præficæ to teare their breasts, but also the gladiators were brought into use, who unmercifully shed one anothers blood.

Hector might be well call'd the safeguard of Troy, for whilst he liv'd she was impregnable.

He was twice Captivated when a youth, and being lead into Greece, he was ransomed by his Sister Hesione.

That is, by the Death of Hector the Kings Son, now the King himself is slain.

Without the arrows of Hercules, Troy could not have been conquer'd, they were fatal to Troy; Twice, that is this last time, and once before, when Hercules subdued it: See the 2 note of the first Act.

See note 14. Act the first.

Virg.

Vir. Æn. 2.

Here Virgil alludes to the fall of Pompey, whom our author follows.

Agamemnon and Menelaus both Sons to Atreus.

A City of Peloponnesus, built by Perseus, in which Agamemnon the Captain general of the Greeks reigned.

on Ida Sacred to Cybele.

were Pluto, Proserpina, Minos, Æacus, Rathamantus. The Furies, Parcæ, Hecate and others.

which is meant either, because that Ghosts (as they held) appeared in a larger Size than their bodies, or it has respect to the Stature of Achilles, which they say was nine Cubits high.

Achilles.

which was when he encounter'd with, and overcame Cisseus King of Thrace, father to Hecuba, and Telephus Prince of Mysia, who were coming to the aid of Troy.

He was Nephew to Neptune, and invulnerable, as Ovid. met. 12.

Sand.

However Achilles after a long fight throtl'd him with his Knees, but his body was not to be found, being Converted into a Swan.

A river by Troy called also Scamandrus.

when Achilles had slain Hector, he tyed him to his Chariot, and drew him round about the walls of Troy; and the tomb of Patroclus, one whom Hector had slain in Achilles Armour. He was kept inhumated 12 dayes, and was at length Ransom'd by Priamus. Homer Il. lib. 23.

for when Achilles had slain Hector, he Cri'd out, I have overcome Troy; in that he was the onely defence and safeguard of the City.

Sea Monsters, whose upper parts were like men, their lower like fishes; They were the Trumpeters of Neptune, and at the Sound of their Concha, the Seas see their raging, and become Calm.

Ovid. Met. 1.

The Mariage Song, from Hymen the God of mariage, which the Grecians used to sing with the repetition of Hymenæe, as the Romanes did Thalassio.

Achilles.

The Ancients had a fond conceit that the Soul was inhumated with the body, therefore for her better getting forth to go to the Seat of the happy; they used to with that the Earth might lye light upon them, for which there were many rites to the Diis Manibus performed, as the powring Milk, Hony, Wine, Oyle, and Flowers upon the Grave,

As when he took Bryseis from her Father. See Note 12. on this Scene.

When Achilles and he were fallen out to reconcile whom Vlysses endevoured.

Priamus whom he slew. See Note 14. Act 1.

See Note 2. on this Scene.

That was Atreus the Father of Agamemnon, and Thyestes Atreus's Brother; Thyestes had forc'd the Wife of Atreus, for revenge. This Atreus roasted his Children, and put them before him to eat: At the sight of which horrid fact, the Sun was said to run back again towards the East.

Thetis Mother to Achilles.

See Note 2. on this Scene.

The Grandfather of Achilles.

The Father of Æacus, who was a Judge in Hell, and so Achilles Great grandfather.

A Region of the lesser Asia between Caria and Æolis.

Seneca according to the opinion of the Epicures, brings in the Chorus questioning the Immortality of the Soul, and making as if the Soul perishes with the Body, an impious and unwarrantable tenent.

It was the custom of the Ancients, when any body was dying, for the next or neerest of kin to receive the last breath of the dying party into his mouth, and also to close his eyes being dead. Thus Anna did to the dying Dido her Sister.

Virg. Æneid. 4.

The Ancients did not inter the bodies of the dead, but burned them, because they were thereby made secure from the malice of their Enemies, who had formerly used to dig the humated bodies out of their graves, that they might revenge themselves upon the dead Corps. This Pile was called Pyra, built always in form of a Tabernacle.

That is, Swift, from Pegasus the winged Horse of Perseus, who arose out of the blood of Medusa by him slain; who when he took his flight to Heaven from Helicon rais'd the Rock with his foot, from whence sprung the Muses fountain Hippocrene.

The Moon: from Εκατος, from shouting or darting down her rayes. She was called also Dea triformis, Three form'd Goddess; because she was call'd in Hell Hecate, on the Earth Diana, in Heaven Luna; signifying the several Aspects of the Moon: Luna when she is full of light said to be in Heaven; Hecate when she is in the Change, that she affords us no light at all, then said to be in Hell; Diana when it is between the full and the new, then said to be on Earth.

Hell on the region of Pluto. From Styx (which signifies Hateful) a river of Hell, had in great veneration by the gods themselves; and to swear by Styx was an inviolable oath, for whosoever of the gods brake it, was devested of Immortality, and kept from Nectar and Ambrosia a hundred yeers.

The North-wind, whose nature is to dissipate clouds.

They held that all things at the appointed time, the world and all, should be chang'd and turn'd into that confused mass it was at first, from whence it should spring again; and thus it should do vicissively for ever. This was the Stoicks Eternity.

Hell the Habitation of Pluto.

A Promontory of Laconia, where the Poets feign'd to be an entrance into Hell.

The three-headed Dog of Hell, who was the Porter at Pluto's Palace: He was drawn hence by Hercules, who no sooner saw light but he spu'd, from which vomit sprung the deadly Aconite, or Wolfe-bane.

Patroclus the Companion of Achilles, who having indued his Armour, fought against Hector and was slain, Hector supposing he had slain Achilles.

The Sepulchres or Domiciles of the Dead were always held sacred by the Ancients, and held a most heinous crime to violate them, and were therefore spared by the Enemies themselves. The Sepulchre was a kind of vault arch'd and roof'd within, where the urn or little chest which held the bones was placed, without, it was built with costly compartments and rare workmanship, and sometimes to a stupendious greatness.

Orestes the Son of Agamemnon.

See Note 1. Act 2. Scene 1.

Clytemnestra's when he got from her Iphigenia. See Note 1. Act. 2. Scene 1. And Thetis's, when he gain'd Achilles to the Wars. See Note 2. Act 2. Scene 2. And also Pallas's when he brought away her Palladium out of Troy.

The Son of Ulysses.

Grecians, from Pelasgia a part of Greece adjoyning to Macedonia, which was so denominated from Pelasgus the Son of Jupiter.

See Note 21. Act 2. Scene 2.

This Ulysses most cunningly feigns, the better to detect the Mothers fear, and by her sudden surprisal, judges that Astyanax is alive.

This is also feigned by Ulysses, the better to arrive at the end of his project, which was to gain Astyanax into his power; for as their Augur Chalcas had said, their ships could not be loosed from those shores, nor the Greeks return home, till Hector's Son was thrown from the top of a high tower.

The Ancients gave divine honors to the manes of their friends, and chiefly worship'd their lares or houshold gods, above others.

Hector ransom'd by Priamus, as is shew'd before, Note 9. Act 2. Scene 1.

Of Pallas who was helpful to the Greeks, and took part with them against the Trojans, when he took her Palladium.

Queen Penthesilea, as before,

Agave the Daughter of Cadmus and Hermione, the Mother of Pentheus, who with other Bacchis frows tore her own Son to peices, because he despis'd their Rites.

Ovid. Met. 3.

The Insignis of Bacchus, it was a spear wreathed about with Vine and Ivy-leaves, which his Mænades or Priestesses carried about in his Orgia.

Penelope, who continued chaste twenty yeers in her Husbands absence, notwithstanding the daily enticements of her woers.

See Note 2. Act. 1.

Hercules.

The Monsters were the hydra, a Snake with 7 heads, which as fast as he lopt off one, two sprung in the place of it. The Nemæan Lion, the Erymanthian Bore, the Cretian Bull, the Stymphalides vast Birds in Arcadia, the Hesperian Dragon, the three-bodied Geryon, the Centaures and divers others. He bound Cerberus the Dog of Hell. And as Ovid. Met. 7.

He brought from Hell Alceste the Wife of King Admetus.

See Note 2. Act. 1.

See Note 12. on the 1. Chorus.

Where Hector had shew'd so many noble exploits, and where he was ignominiously and cruelly drag'd by Achilles about after he was slain.

Iphiginia as before; Palamedes an Enemy to Vlysses, and by him circumvented and falsly accused, was ston'd to death before Troy: Ajax who in contention with him for the Armour of Vlysses, being overcome by his subtilty, slew himself. Ovid. Met. 13.

Which was every five year performed by the Romans, in purging their Armies by Sacrifices and the Censors registring at the just valuation of every Citizens estate, then they led about the Army a Bul, a Sow, and a Ram, and afterwards sacrificed them. At which times used to be performed the

Which also was yearly performed by all the choyce and noble Youths of Rome; it was the running with the Spear, or Tilt and Turnament, brought by Ascanius the Son of Æneas out of Troy.

Virg. Æneid. 5.

This was a Dance in complete harness, invented by Pyrrhus, and therefore called Pyrrhica saltatio, or the Pyrrhic Dance. By this means the Romans trained up their Youth that they might be inured to Arms in their tender years, and that by this Military Exercise they might come to gain a perfect command of their bodies, the better and more nimbly to defend themselves and annoy their Enemies. In this Dance they were excited by the

Of Curve trumpets, that is, Phrygian, which excited to War, and inflamed the mind to Battail, and Heroick exploits. There were three other sorts of Musick, which were the Lydian, which was fitted to cheer and exhilarate those who were dejected through grief. Doric which was grave, and pacified the Disturbances of the mind. Ionian which sharpen'd the wit, and excited the mind to contemplation of Cœlestial things. And lastly, the Æolian, which was requisite for those who were about to go to rest, conducing to the setling of the mind.

It was accounted a great testification of their friendship to tear off their Hair, at the Funeral of their Friends, and to make it squallid, and to neglect the tying of it up.

They used rather then the Ashes of their Friends should come to any misfortune, to bury them safe in their own bowells, so Artemisia Queen of Halicarnassus serv'd the ashes of her Husband Mausolus, which she drunk mixed with Wine. Gellius lib. 10.

she was the cause of the ruine and utter overthrow of famous Troy, and the losse of many noble Greecians, she was

Virg.

Menelaus her former, from whom Paris ravish'd her, and Paris to whom she had been married.

It was the Custome of the Romans to use torches at their Weddings, from which a certain clammy liquor like Tar issued out; they were called Tedas from the tree Teda. They were five in number, which represented Jupiter, Juno, Venus, Suadela and Lucina, which were called the Nuptial or Conjugal powers, for the help they afforded the new married Couple.

See Note 18. Act. 1.

Who had not wholly slain Achilles. For Achilles being drawn into Troy under the prext of marrying Polyxena was, slain by Paris.

Some say she had 15, some say 22, others 50.

She had also Cassandra living, but she was not her companion, being the Priestess of Apollo, and so as it were none of hers. And therefore she was to be free from the lot, as not to have been accounted as among the spoyle, but she was alotted to Agamemnon.

She had also Cassandra living, but she was not her companion, being the Priestess of Apollo, and so as it were none of hers. And therefore she was to be free from the lot, as not to have been accounted as among the spoyle, but she was alotted to Agamemnon.

That was to Vlysses, who had the Armour of Achilles in possession, being to him alotted by the Greeks, from Ajax Telamonius, which so enraged him that he slew himself. Ovid. Met. 13.

Corus in the Latin: a wind usual in the Sicilian Seas, which drives the waters on the Italian Coasts.

Phryxus and Helle were the Children of Athamas King of Thebes and Nepheles: their Mother being dead, and Athamas having espoused Ino, she playing the usual pranks of a Step-mother, they were forc'd to fly, and taking a golden fleeced Ram which was given them by their Father, they adventured to swim over the narrow Freet between Europe and Asia upon his back; but Helle falling off, was drown'd, and so Christn'd those Waters with her name, which has ever since been called Hellespont. But Phryxus gaining safe to the shore, fled to the Father of Medea, to whom he gave this golden fleeced Ram, which occasioned the adventure of Jason and the Argonautes to fetch this Fleece, which they called Phryxeus from Phryxus.

This Ogygian deluge hapned a Thousand and five hundred yeers before the building of Rome, and overflowed a great part of Greece, Of which the Poets speak so large, that some have thought it that of Noah, when the whole world was submerg'd.

Ida is a high Hill by Troy, the South part of which maketh a Promontory, and runneth into the Sea. In this place it was that Paris gave sentence for Venus. Of which before.

So Ovid Met. 13.

Colchis was the Countrey of Medea, which, ever since she most inhumanely tore in peices her Brother Absertes, has been branded with the stigma of Cruell and Barbarous, yet Andromach complains (the people thereof) to be exceeded by the Greeks in Cruelty.

A people in the North abhorring Humanity, they neither Till nor Sow the ground, nor build Houses, Cities nor Towns, but all their riches lyeth in their Cattle, which they drive from place to place, carrying with them their Wives, Children, and all that they have in Wagons; for which they have the Epithetes of Barbarous and Wandering bestow'd upon them: They were the original of the Tartars or Tattars, which about the yeer of our Lord 1200 overran all Persia, and began the Empire which they now hold in the East-part of the world.

The Hyrcanians, which border upon the Caspian Sea, adjoyning to Scythia, who live as the Scythians do, barbarously, without laws or government.

A most cruel and inhumane Tyrant, who used to immolate all his Guests to Jove, but laying wait for Hercules he was taken by him and slain.

A cruell King of Thrace, who fed his horses with mans flesh, but Hercules taking him gave him to be devoured by his own man-eating horses.

The Daughter of Menelaus and Helena afterward ravish'd by Pyrrhus from Orestes, which was the occasion of his death.

See note 21. upon the second Scene of the second Act.

When the taking of Troy was, which was performed in the night, with a bloody rage, horrid tumult, confusion and slaughter. Leaving that City as Ovid describes it 15. Met.

Thus Time and Fate, of the greatest and most flourishing Cities and Empires, as well as of the weakest and most perishable Creatures and things, has been