BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aristotle, Physics, Book I; Nicomachean Ethics, Book III;
cf. Thomas L. Health, Mathematics in Aristotle (Oxford,
1949), pp. 270-72. F. Bacon, The Philosophical Works of
Francis Bacon, ed. J. M. Robertson (London, 1905), p. 249.
Isaac Barrow, Mathematical Lectures read in the Publick
Schools at the University of Cambridge, trans. John Kirkby
(London, 1734); for Barrow's familiarity with Galileo's works
see Marie Boas Hall, “Galileo's Influence on Seventeenth-
Century English Scientists,” in Galileo, Man of Science, ed.
Ernan McMullin (New York and London, 1967), pp. 411-12.
Ernst Cassirer, Das Erkenntnisproblem, 3 vols. (Berlin,
1922-23), I, 136-44; for Randall's view, see his well-known
paper “Scientific Method in the School of Padua,” Journal
of the History of Ideas, 1 (1940), 177-206, and its revision
in his The School of Padua and the Emergence of Modern
Science (Padua, 1961). Cassirer accepted the results of
Randall's inquiry but could not “subscribe to his conclu-
sions,” for he believed Galileo's conception of the dual
method, despite the identity of the terms used, to be more
influenced by the mathematical tradition than by the phi-
losophers of Padua; see his “Galileo's Platonism,” in M. P.
Ashley Montagu, ed. Studies and Essays in the History of
Science and Learning (New York, 1946), pp. 279-97. I. B.
Cohen, Franklin and Newton, An Inquiry into Speculative
Newtonian Experimental Science... (Philadelphia, 1956).
M. R. Cohen and I. Drabkin, eds., A Source Book in
Greek Science (New York, 1948; Cambridge, Mass. 1959). A.
Crombie, Robert Grosseteste and the Origins of Experimental
Science (Oxford, 1953). Descartes, Oeuvres de Descartes, eds.
C. Adam and P. Tannery, 13 vols. (Paris, 1891-1912). Galen,
Claudii Galeni Opera omnia, ed. C. G. Kühn, 20 vols.
(Leipzig, 1821-33); idem, Galen on Medical Experience, ed.
and trans. R. Walzer (London and New York, 1944). Galileo
Galilei, “Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina” (1615),
in S. Drake, Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo (Garden
City, N.Y., 1957); idem, Opere di Galileo Galilei, ed. A.
Favaro, 20 vols. (Florence, 1890-1909; reprint 1929-39);
idem, Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences, trans. H.
Crew and A. de Salvio (New York, 1914); idem, Dialogue
Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, trans. S. Drake
(Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1953). Neal Gilbert, Renaissance
Concepts of Method (New York and London, 1960). Thomas
L. Hankins, Jean D'Alembert—Science and the Enlighten-
ment (Oxford, 1970), passim. Jaako Hintikka, “Kant and the
Tradition of Analysis,” Deskription, Analytizität und Ex-
istenz, 3-4 Forschungsgespräch des internationalen For-
schungszentrum für Grundfragen der Wissenschaften Salz-
burg, ed. Paul Weingartner (Pustet-Verlag, Salzburg, and
Munich, 1966), pp. 254-72. Robert Hooke, Micrographia
(London, 1665); Hooke used Bacon's term instantia crucis
but in one place modified it to read experimentum crucis.
See Richard S. Westfall, “The Development of Newton's
Theory of Color,” Isis, 53 (1962), 354, and note 46. For a
skeptical appraisal of Newton's famous experiment see
A. I. Sabra, Theories of Light from Descartes to Newton
(London, 1967), pp. 294-97. Sabra's argument that only
Newton's adherence to a corpuscular doctrine permitted
him to infer the heterogeneity of white light from this
experiment is inconclusive. W. S. Jevons, The Principles of
Science (London and New York, 1905). P. S. de Laplace,
Exposition du système du monde, 6th ed. (Paris, 1835).
A. L. Lavoisier, Traité élémentaire de chimie (Paris, 1789).
Colin Maclaurin, Account of Sir Isaac Newton's Philo-
sophical Discoveries, 3rd ed. (London, 1775). Paul Mouy,
Le Développement de la physique cartésienne, 1646-1712
(Paris, 1934). Isaac Newton, Mathematical Principles of
Natural Philosophy, ed. F. Cajori (Berkeley, 1934); idem,
Opticks, 4th ed. (1730); idem, Isaac Newton's Papers and
Letters on Natural Philosophy, ed. I. B. Cohen (Cambridge,
Mass., 1958); idem, “Account of the Booke entituled Com-
mercium Epistolicum, etc.,” Philosophical Transactions, 19,
no. 342 (1717); trans. “Recensio,” in the second edition
(1722) of the Commercium; for Newton's authorship of this
“Account” see Louis T. More, Isaac Newton (New York,
1934), pp. 590-91, note 43; idem, Universal Arithmetick
(London, 1728). Jacques Rohault, Traité de physique (Paris,
1671). W. J. 'sGravesande, Introductio ad philosophiam,
metaphysicam et logicam continens (Leiden, 1736); trans.
into French as Oeuvres philosophiques et mathématiques de
Mr G. J. 'sGravesande, ed. J. N. S. Allamand, two parts in
one vol. (Amsterdam, 1774). E. W. Strong, “Newton's
'Mathematical Way'” in Roots of Scientific Thought, eds.
Philip P. Wiener and Aaron Noland (New York, 1957); the
article is reprinted, somewhat abridged, from the Journal
of the History of Ideas, 12 (1951), 90-110. Henry G. Van
Leeuwen, The Problem of Certainty in English Thought
(The Hague, 1963). Basil Willey, The Seventeenth Century
Background (London, 1949).
HENRY GUERLAC
[See also
Baconianism; Classification of the Sciences;
Cosmology;
Experimental Science; Newton's Opticks;
Number; Optics; Unity of Science.]
