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Footnotes

[31]

"It is the cudgel that governs China," says Father Du Halde, "Disc. de la Chine," ii, p. 134.

[32]

Among others, De Lange's account.

[33]

Of the Family of Sourniama, "Edifying Letters," coll. xviii.

[34]

See in Father Du Halde how the missionaries availed themselves of the authority of Canhi to silence the mandarins, who constantly declared that by the laws of the country no foreign worship could be established in the empire.

[35]

See "Lettres persanes,"210.

[36]

See the order of Tsongtou for tilling the land, in the "Edifying Letters," coll. xxi.