1. |
1.1. |
1.2. |
1.3. |
2. |
2.1. |
2.2. |
2.3. |
2.4. |
2.5. |
3. |
3.1. |
3.2. |
3.3. |
3.4. |
3.5. |
3.6. |
3.7. |
3.8. |
3.9. |
3.10. |
3.11. |
4. |
4.1. |
4.2. |
4.3. |
4.4. |
4.5. |
4.6. |
4.7. |
4.8. |
5. |
5.1. |
5.2. |
5.3. |
5.4. |
5.5. |
5.6. |
5.7. |
5.8. |
5.9. |
5.10. |
5.11. |
5.12. |
5.13. |
5.14. |
5.15. |
5.16. |
5.17. |
5.18. |
5.19. |
6. |
6.1. |
6.2. |
6.3. |
6.4. |
6.5. |
6.6. |
6.7. |
6.8. |
6.9. |
6.10. |
6.11. |
6.12. |
6.13. |
6.14. |
6.15. |
6.16. |
6.17. |
6.18. |
6.19. |
6.20. |
7. |
7.1. |
7.2. |
7.3. |
7.4. |
7.5. |
7.6. |
7.7. |
7.8. |
7.9. |
7.10. |
7.11. |
7.12. |
7.13. |
7.14. |
7.15. |
7.16. |
7.17. |
8. |
8.1. |
8.2. |
8.3. |
8.4. |
8.5. |
8.6. |
8.7. |
8.8. |
8.9. |
8.10. |
8.11. |
7.12. |
8.13. |
8.14. |
8.15. |
8.16. |
8.17. |
8.18. |
8.19. |
8.20. |
8.21. |
9. |
9.1. |
9.2. |
9.3. |
9.4. |
9.5. |
9.6. |
9.7. |
9.8. |
9.9. |
9.10. |
10. |
10.1. |
10.2. |
10.3. |
10.4. |
10.5. |
10.6. |
10.7. |
10.8. |
10.9. |
10.10. |
10.11. |
10.12. |
10.13. |
10.14. |
10.15. |
10.16. |
10.17. |
11. |
11.1. |
11.2. |
11.3. |
11.4. |
11.5. |
11.6. |
11.7. |
11.8. |
11.9. |
11.10. |
11.11. |
11.12. |
11.13. |
11.14. |
11.15. |
11.16. |
11.17. |
11.19. |
11.20. |
12. |
12.1. |
12.2. |
12.3. |
12.4. |
12.5. |
12.6. |
12.7. |
12.8. |
12.9. |
12.10. |
12.11. |
12.12. |
12.13. |
12.14. |
12.15. |
12.16. |
12.17. |
12.18. |
12.19. |
12.20. |
12.21. |
12.22. |
12.23. |
12.24. |
12.25. |
12.26. |
12.27. |
12.28. |
12.29. |
12.30. |
13. |
13.1. |
13.2. |
13.3. |
13.4. |
13.5. |
13.6. |
13.7. |
13.8. |
13.9. |
13.10. |
13.11. |
13.12. |
13.13. |
13.14. |
13.15. |
13.16. |
13.17. |
13.18. |
13.19. |
13.20. |
14. |
14.1. |
14.2. |
14.3. |
14.4. |
14.5. |
14.6. |
14.7. |
14.8. |
14.9. |
14.10. |
14.11. |
14.12. |
14.13. |
14.14. |
14.15. |
15. |
15.1. |
15.2. |
15.3. |
15.4. |
15.5. |
15.6. |
15.7. |
15.8. |
15.9. |
15.10. |
15.11. |
15.12. |
15.13. |
15.14. |
15.15. |
15.16. |
15.17. |
15.18. |
16. |
16.1. |
16.2. |
16.3. |
16.4. |
16.5. |
16.6. |
16.7. |
16.8. |
16.9. |
16.10. |
16.11. |
16.12. |
16.13. |
16.14. |
16.15. |
16.16. |
17. |
17.1. |
17.2. |
17.3. |
17.4. |
17.5. |
17.6. |
17.7. |
18. |
18.1. |
18.2. |
18.3. |
18.4. |
18.5. |
18.6. |
18.7. |
18.8. |
18.9. |
18.10. |
18.11. |
18.12. |
18.13. |
18.14. |
18.15. |
18.16. |
18.17. |
18.18. |
18.19. |
18.20. |
18.21. |
18.22. |
18.23. |
18.24. |
18.25. |
18.26. |
18.27. |
18.28. |
18.29. |
18.30. |
18.31. |
19. |
19.2. |
19.2. |
19.3. |
19.4. |
19.5. |
19.6. |
19.7. |
19.8. |
19.9. |
19.10. |
19.11. |
19.12. |
19.13. |
19.14. |
19.15. |
19.16. |
19.17. |
19.18. |
19.19. |
19.20. |
19.21. |
19.22. |
19.23. |
19.24. |
19.25. |
19.26. |
19.27. |
20. |
20.1. |
20.2. |
20.3. |
20.4. |
20.5. |
20.6. |
20.7. |
20.8. |
20.9. |
20.10. |
20.11. |
20.12. |
20.13. |
20.14. |
20.15. |
20.16. |
20.17. |
20.18. |
20.19. |
20.20. |
20.21. |
20.22. |
20.23. |
21. |
21.1. |
21.2. |
21.3. |
21.4. |
21.5. |
21.6. |
21.7. |
21.8. |
21.9. |
21.10. |
21.11. |
21.12. |
21.13. |
21.14. |
21.15. |
21.16. |
21.17. |
21.18. |
21.19. |
21.20. |
21.21. |
21.22. |
21.23. |
22. |
22.1. |
22.2. |
22.3. |
22.4. |
22.5. |
22.6. |
22.7. |
22.8. |
22.9. |
22.10. |
22.11. |
22.12. |
22.13. |
22.14. |
22.15. |
22.16. |
22.17. |
22.18. |
22.19. |
22.20. |
22.21. |
22.22. |
23. |
23.1. |
23.2. |
23.3. |
23.4. |
23.5. |
23.6. |
23.7. |
23.8. |
23.9. |
23.10. |
23.11. |
23.12. |
23.13. |
23.14. |
23.15. |
23.16. |
23.17. |
23.18. |
23.19. |
23.20. |
23.21. |
23.22. |
23.23. |
23.24. |
23.25. |
23.26. |
23.27. |
23.28. |
23.29. |
24. |
24.1. |
24.2. |
24.3. |
24.4. |
24.5. |
24.6. |
24.7. |
24.8. |
24.9. |
24.10. |
24.11. |
24.12. |
24.13. |
24.14. |
24.15. |
24.16. |
24.17. |
24.18. |
24.19. |
24.20. |
24.21. |
24.22. |
24.23. |
24.24. |
24.25. |
24.26. |
25. |
25.1. |
25.2. |
25.3. |
25.4. |
25.5. |
25.6. |
25.7. |
25.8. |
25.9. |
25.10. |
25.11. |
25.12. |
25.13. |
25.14. |
25.15. |
26. |
26.1. |
26.2. |
26.3. |
26.4. |
26.5. |
26.6. |
26.7. |
26.8. |
26.9. |
26.10. |
26.11. |
26.12. |
26.13. |
26.14. |
26.15. |
26.16. |
26.17. |
26.18. |
26.19. |
26.20. |
26.21. |
26.22. |
26.23. |
26.24. |
26.25. |
27. |
28. |
28.1. |
28.2. |
28.3. |
28.4. |
28.5. |
28.6. |
28.7. |
28.8. |
28.9. |
28.10. |
28.11. |
28.12. |
28.13. |
28.14. |
28.15. |
28.16. |
28.17. |
28.18. |
28.19. |
28.20. |
28.21. |
28.22. |
28.23. |
28.24. |
28.25. |
28.26. |
28.27. |
28.28. |
28.29. |
28.30. |
28.31. |
28.32. |
28.33. |
28.34. |
28.35. |
28.36. |
28.37. |
28.38. |
28.39. |
28.40. |
28.41. |
28.42. |
28.43. |
28.44. |
28.45. |
29. |
29.1. |
29.2. |
29.3. |
29.4. |
29.5. |
29.6. |
29.7. |
29.8. |
29.10. |
29.10. |
29.11. |
29.12. |
29.13. |
29.14. |
29.15. |
29.16. |
29.17. |
29.18. |
29.19. |
30. |
30.1. |
30.2. |
30.3. |
30.4. |
30.5. |
30.6. |
30.7. |
30.8. |
30.9. |
30.10. |
30.11. |
30.12. |
30.13. |
30.14. |
30.15. |
30.16. |
30.17. |
30.18. |
30.19. |
30.20. |
30.21. |
30.22. |
30.23. |
30.24. |
30.25. |
31. |
31.1. |
31.2. |
31.3. |
31.4. |
31.5. |
31.6. |
31.7. |
31.8. |
31.9. |
31.10. |
31.11. |
31.12. |
31.13. |
31.14. |
31.15. |
31.16. |
31.17. |
31.18. |
31.19. |
31.20. |
31.21. |
31.22. |
31.23. |
31.24. |
31.25. |
31.26. |
31.27. |
31.28. |
31.29. |
31.30. |
31.31. |
31.32. |
31.33. |
31.34. |
14. How the smallest Change of the Constitution is attended with
the Ruin of its Principles. The Spirit of the Laws | ||
Aristotle mentions the city of Carthage as a well-regulated republic. Polybius tells us [26] that there was this inconvenience at Carthage in the second Punic war, that the senate had lost almost all its authority. We are informed by Livy that when Hannibal returned to Carthage he found that the magistrates and the principal citizens had abused their power, and converted the public revenues to their private emolument. The virtue, therefore, of the magistrates, and the authority of the senate, both fell at the same time; and all was owing to the same cause.
Every one knows the wonderful effects of the censorship among the Romans. There was a time when it grew burdensome; but still it was supported because there was more luxury than corruption. Claudius [27] weakened its authority, by which means the corruption became greater than the luxury, and the censorship dwindled away of itself. [28] After various interruptions and resumptions, it was entirely laid aside, till it became altogether useless, that is, till the reigns of Augustus and Claudius.
14. How the smallest Change of the Constitution is attended with
the Ruin of its Principles. The Spirit of the Laws | ||