University of Virginia Library

SECOND YEAR.

Anatomy 3.—Ten hours weekly from October 1st through the fall
and winter terms. This course is the continuation of Anatomy 1,
and consists of the systematic dissection and study, by essentially
the same methods, of the parts not studied during the first year.
Mr. Reeves.

Physiology.—Four hours weekly of lectures, recitations and demonstrations
throughout the year; six hours weekly of laboratory work in
the fall and winter terms. The physiology of muscle and nerve; blood
and lymph; the circulation; respiration; secretion; digestion and
nutrition; excretion; the sense organs; and the central nervous system.
The laboratory is equipped with kymographs, induction coils,
signals, muscle and heart levers, tambours, manometers, apparatus
for gas analysis, etc., for thirty men working at one time in pairs.
The work of the laboratory closely follows the lectures and is an integral
part of the study of each subject. The student becomes practically
acquainted with the methods of modern physiological investigation
and is required to hand in tracings or other records together
with full descriptions of his experiments. The satisfactory completion
of the laboratory work is as necessary to a clear record on the
course as is the passing of the final examinations.

Open only to students who have obtained a grade of seventy
per cent. in Histology and in Physiological Chemistry. The satisfactory
completion of the laboratory work of this course is necessary
for admission to Pharmacology. Dr. Hough, Mr. Wright, Mr.
Neff, and Mr. Trautmann.

Bacteriology and Pathology.—Thirteen hours weekly throughout the
year, and two additional hours a week in the third term.

In Bacteriology the student is taught to prepare culture media
and to employ the usual methods necessary for the isolation and
identification of bacteria, and he studies the microörganisms concerned
in the common bacterial diseases.

After a few days have been spent in making culture media, sterilization,
etc., the general technique is learned by isolating the bacteria
from the air, soil, water and milk, and from exposed body
surfaces. Bacterial counts are made from water and milk. Following
this, the pathogenic bacteria are taken up serially. Those receiving
special attention are the bacteria concerned in wound infections,
in respiratory and intestinal diseases, and in tuberculosis.
At intervals mixed cultures are given out to the class and the students
are required to isolate and identify the bacteria in the mixtures.

Experimental work upon infection and immunity accompanies
the course in Bacteriology and Pathology. The students inoculate
animals with certain pathogenic bacteria and report to the class
upon the course of disease resulting from the inoculation. In fatal
cases the students perform autopsies upon the experimental animals
and attempt to recover the bacteria in cultures. Sections are made
from the organs of the animals which succumb to inoculation and
are studied by the students.

Groups of students prepare vaccines and immunize animals. The
serum of these animals is employed by the class in studying the
technique of the more important immunity reactions. In this way
the work in Bacteriology is integrally combined with the work in
Pathology, the two courses overlapping.

The lectures and quizzes which accompany the Laboratory work
are designed to set forth clearly the relations existing between bacteria
and disease and to give a knowledge of the fundamental facts
and theories of immunity and of the important principles of preventive
medicine.

The course in Pathology extends from January to June. The
greater part of the practical work is devoted to the study of the microscopic
changes occurring in disease. This is supplemented by the
study of autopsy material and museum specimens. Selected types
of diseases are studied experimentally. The practical work includes
the consideration of the vascular disturbances, degeneration, inflammation,
regeneration, and of benign and malagnant tumors. The
diseases produced by animal parasites are considered briefly. During
the course the student has an opportunity to learn the standard
methods employed in preparing tissues for examination, and he is
called upon to witness and assist in the autopsies.

Both in Bacteriology and Pathology frequent recitations are held
and the standing of the student is determined largely upon these and
from the character of his daily practical work.

In addition to the regular course outlined above, opportunity
is afforded for qualified students and doctors to engage in advanced
work. A special room is reserved for this purpose.

The work in Pathology is open only to students who have obtained
a record of eighty per cent. in Histology. Dr. Marshall, Mr.
Jackson, Mr. Gage and Mr. Moore.

Pharmacology.—Five hours of lectures, recitations, and demonstrations
and six hours of laboratory work weekly during the third term.
In this course a study is made of the chemical characteristics and
physiological action of representative drugs from the different pharmacological
groups. The satisfactory completion of the laboratory
work of Physiology is required for admission to the course.
Dr. Waddell, Mr. Bean, Mr. Wright.

Journals.—In connection with the work in Physiology, Pathology,
and Pharmacology the second year students meet with their
instructors for one hour each week from the first of December to
the end of the session for reports and discussion of the current literature
of the above sciences. Three reports are made at each meeting
by the students.

Physical Diagnosis.—Four hours weekly during the spring term.
Instruction is given in the principles and methods of physical examination.
Attention is especially given to study of the normal
subject. Dr. Flippin.