BIBLIOGRAPHY
Useful introductions can be found in several encyclo-
pedias and dictionaries of religious thought, especially in
articles on the histories of doctrines like predestination and
providence. See in particular the articles on predestination
in The Jewish Encyclopedia, on kadar in the Encyclopédie
de l'Islam, and on predestination and providence in the
Dictionnaire de théologie catholique. The latter two articles,
by Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange, were developed into books
and translated, as Providence (St. Louis and London, 1951),
and Predestination (St. Louis and London, 1953). Further
introductory material can be found in handbooks of dog-
matic history. For the Christian tradition, see in particular
Reinhold Seeberg, Lehrbuch der Dogmengeschichte
(Darmstadt, 1959-65, 4 vols. in 5, reprint of the third edition
of 1920-23); an English translation is available under the
title Text-Book of the History of Doctrines (Grand Rapids,
Mich., 1966, seventh printing), but is based on the substan-
tially shorter first German edition. The bibliography of
specialized monographs and articles on the subject is very
large. Some useful examples: Georges de Plinval, “Aspects
du déterminisme et de la liberté dans la doctrine de saint
Augustin,” Revue des études augustiniennes, 1, 4 (1955),
345-78; J. Bohatec, “Calvins Vorsehungslehre,” in J.
Bohatec, ed., Calvinstudien (Leipzig, 1900), pp. 339-441;
Paul Jacobs, Prädestination und Verantwortlichkeit bei
Calvin (Darmstadt, 1937; 1968); John T. McNeill, The His-
tory and Character of Calvinism (New York, 1954); G. C.
Berkouwer, The Triumph of Grace in the Theology of Karl
Barth (Grand Rapids, Mich., 1956). Almost all of these
studies concentrate quite strictly on the history of doctrines,
and do not consider the historical circumstances in which
they arose and spread. A partial exception is the McNeill
book.
ROBERT M. KINGDON
[See also
Evil; Free Will in Theology;
God; Islamic Con-
ception; Necessity; Reformation;
Religious Toleration; Sin
and Salvation; Theodicy.]
