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University of Virginia Library

Dictionary of the History of Ideas

Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas

Preface to the Electronic Edition

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

NOTE TO THE READER

VI.

ABSTRACTION IN THE FORMATION OF CONCEPTS

V.

ACADEMIC FREEDOM

VI.

I.

VI.

ALIENATION IN CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY

V.

ALIENATION IN HEGELAND MARX

III.

ALLEGORY INLITERARY HISTORY

III.

AMBIGUITY ASAESTHETIC PRINCIPLE

VI.

ANALOGY INEARLY GREEK THOUGHT

VI.

ANALOGY IN PATRISTICAND MEDIEVAL THOUGHT

V.

ANALOGY OF THEBODY POLITIC

V.

III.

ANCIENTS AND MODERNS INTHE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

VII.

ANTHROPOMORPHISMIN SCIENCE

VI.

ANTINOMY OF PURE REASON

VI.

APPEARANCE AND REALITY

III.

III.

ART FOR ART'S SAKE

II.

ASSOCIATION OF IDEAS

I.

I.

ATOMISM: ANTIQUITY TO THESEVENTEENTH CENTURY

I.

ATOMISM IN THESEVENTEENTH CENTURY

V.

VII.

VI.

V.

BALANCE OF POWER

III.

BAROQUE IN LITERATURE

III.

THEORIES OF BEAUTY TOTHE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY

III.

THEORIES OF BEAUTY SINCETHE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY

II.

I.

BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTIONSIN ANTIQUITY

I.

BIOLOGICAL HOMOLOGIESAND ANALOGIES

I.

BIOLOGICAL MODELS

VI.

VII.

III.

VII.

VII.

CAUSATION IN HISTORY

VII.

CAUSATION INISLAMIC THOUGHT

V.

CAUSATION IN LAW

VI.

CAUSATION IN THESEVENTEENTH CENTURY

VI.

CAUSATION IN THESEVENTEENTH CENTURY, FINAL CAUSES

VI.

CERTAINTY IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY THOUGHT

VI.

CERTAINTY SINCE THESEVENTEENTH CENTURY

VI.

VII.

III.

IV.

CHINA IN WESTERN THOUGHTAND CULTURE

VI.

CHRISTIANITY IN HISTORY

VI.

CHURCH AS ANINSTITUTION

VI.

MODERNISM IN THECHRISTIAN CHURCH

V.

V.

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

V.

III.

CLASSICISM IN LITERATURE

III.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE ARTS

VII.

CLASSIFICATION OFTHE SCIENCES

III.

SENSE OF THE COMIC

I.

CONSERVATION OFNATURAL RESOURCES

V.

V.

CONSTITUTIONALISM

VII.

CONTINUITY ANDDISCONTINUITY IN NATURE AND KNOWLEDGE

VI.

I.

I.

I.

COSMOLOGY FROMANTIQUITY TO 1850

I.

COSMOLOGY SINCE 1850

VI.

CREATION IN RELIGION

III.

CREATIVITY IN ART

IV.

CRISIS IN HISTORY

III.

LITERARY CRITICISM

IV.

CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTIN ANTIQUITY

IV.

CULTURE AND CIVILIZATIONIN MODERN TIMES

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IV.

I. COSMIC CYCLES

II. CYCLES IN HUMAN AFFAIRS

III. TWENTIETH-CENTURY DEVELOPMENTS

VI.

VI.

DEATH AND IMMORTALITY

VI.

V.

III.

VI.

DESIGN ARGUMENT

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8. Buddha. The person who has attained Wisdom
or who has realized universal norms (dharmas) is called
the Enlightened One (Buddha). Theoretically there can
be many Buddhas. Mahāyāna Buddhism developed the
idea of the Threefold Body of the Buddha: (1) “the
Body of the Law” (dharmakāya) is Voidness, the form-
less reality beyond our words and thoughts; (2) “the
Body of Enjoyment” (saṃbhogakāya) means the void
and absolute reality which, enjoying virtues as results
of merits, has taken a merciful vow to live amid the
empirical world, and to save it by leading it into wis-
dom; (3) “the Body of Transformation” (nirmāṇakāya)
is a corporeal, preaching Buddha revealed in our em-
pirical world, such as Sākyamuni Buddha.