BIBLIOGRAPHY
As will have been seen from the body of the article, the
history of the freewill idea is the history of philosophy from
a certain angle, and correspondingly difficult to supply with
a limited bibliography. Harold Ofstad, An Inquiry into the
Freedom of the Will (London, 1961) contains a very full
bibliography as well as a thorough discussion of the subject
from a semi-determinist standpoint. An out-and-out liber-
tarian is Corliss Lamont, Freedom of Choice Affirmed (New
York, 1967). He offers a good historical survey. Austin
Farrer's Freedom of the Will (New York, 1960) works largely
from linguistic ground.
To turn to historical positions, in addition to references
in the article we may cite the following. For a classic
defence of the Calvinist position: Jonathan Edwards, Careful
and Strict Enquiry... (1754). For German Idealism, Arthur
Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Idea (DieWelt als
Wille und Vorstellung), trans. R. B. Haldane and J. Kemp,
3 vols. (London, 1883). For American Pragmatism, William
James, “The Dilemma of Determinism” (1884), in The Will
to Believe... (New York, 1897). For Vitalistic Philosophy,
Henri Bergson, Essai sur les données immédiates de la
conscience (Paris, 1889). For Existentialism, J-P. Sartre,
L'Etre et le néant (Paris, 1943), trans. H. Barnes as Being
and Nothingness (New York, 1956).
AUSTIN FARRER
[See also Agnosticism; Causation; Dualism; Epicureanism
and Free Will;
Existentialism; Free Will and Determinism;
Freedom, Legal Concept of; God; Love; Nature;
Necessity;
Sin and Salvation;
State; Stoicism.]
