Clotelle :: :: University of Virginia Library

While poor little Clotelle was being kicked about by Mrs. Miller, on
account of her relationship to her son-in-law, Isabella was passing lonely
hours in the county jail, the place to which Jennings had removed
her for safe-keeping, after purchasing her from Mrs. Miller. Incarcerated
in one of the iron-barred rooms of that dismal place, those dark,
glowing eyes, lofty brow, and graceful form wilted down like a plucked
rose under a noonday sun, while deep in her heart's ambrosial cells was
the most anguishing distress.

Vulgar curiosity is always in search of its victims, and Jennings'
boast that he had such a ladylike and beautiful woman in his possession
brought numbers to the prison who begged of the jailer the privilege
of seeing the slave-trader's prize. Many who saw her were melted
to tears at the pitiful sight, and were struck with admiration at her intelligence;
and, when she spoke of her child, they must have been convinced
that a mother's sorrow can be conceived by none but a mother's
heart. The warbling of birds in the green bowers of bliss, which she
occasionally heard, brought no tidings of gladness to her. Their joy fell
cold upon her heart, and seemed like bitter mockery. They reminded
her of her own cottage, where, with her beloved child, she had spent so
many happy days.

The speculator had kept close watch over his valuable piece of property,
for fear that it might damage itself. This, however, there was no
danger of, for Isabella still hoped and believed that Henry would come
to her rescue. She could not bring herself to believe that he would allow
her to be sent away without at least seeing her, and the trader did
all he could to keep this idea alive in her.

While Isabella, with a weary heart, was passing sleepless nights thinking
only of her daughter and Henry, the latter was seeking relief in
that insidious enemy of the human race, the intoxicating cup. His
wife did all in her power to make his life a pleasant and a happy one,
for Gertrude was devotedly attached to him; but a weary heart gets no
gladness out of sunshine. The secret remorse that rankled in his bosom
caused him to see all the world blood-shot. He had not visited his
mother-in-law since the evening he had given her liberty to use her own
discretion as to how Isabella and her child should be disposed of. He
feared even to go near the house, for he did not wish to see his child.
Gertrude felt this every time he declined accompanying her to her
mother's. Possessed of a tender and confiding heart, entirely unlike
her mother, she sympathized deeply with her husband. She well knew
that all young men in the South, to a greater or less extent, became
enamored of the slave-women, and she fancied that his case was only
one of the many, and if he had now forsaken all others for her she did
not wish for him to be punished; but she dared not let her mother know
that such were her feelings. Again and again had she noticed the great
resemblance between Clotelle and Henry, and she wished the child in
better hands than those of her cruel mother.

At last Gertrude determined to mention the matter to her husband.
Consequently, the next morning, when they were seated on the back
piazza, and the sun was pouring its splendid rays upon everything
around, changing the red tints on the lofty hills in the distance into
streaks of purest gold, and nature seeming by her smiles to favor the
object, she said,—

“What, dear Henry, do you intend to do with Clotelle?”

A paleness that overspread his countenance, the tears that trickled
down his cheeks, the deep emotion that was visible in his face, and the
trembling of his voice, showed at once that she had touched a tender
chord. Without a single word, he buried his face in his handkerchief,
and burst into tears.

This made Gertrude still more unhappy, for she feared that he had
misunderstood her; and she immediately expressed her regret that she
had mentioned the subject. Becoming satisfied from this that his wife
sympathized with him in his unhappy situation, Henry told her of the
agony that filled his soul, and Gertrude agreed to intercede for him
with her mother for the removal of the child to a boarding-school in
one of the Free States.

In the afternoon, when Henry returned from his office, his wife met
him with tearful eyes, and informed him that her mother was filled with
rage at the mere mention of the removal of Clotelle from her premises.

In the mean time, the slave-trader, Jennings, had started for the South

with his gang of human cattle, of whom Isabella was one. Most quadroon
women who are taken to the South are either sold to gentlemen for
their own use or disposed of as house-servants or waiting-maids. Fortunately
for Isabella, she was sold for the latter purpose. Jennings
found a purchaser for her in the person of Mr. James French.

Mrs. French was a severe mistress. All who lived with her, though
well-dressed, were scantily fed and over-worked. Isabella found her
new situation far different from her Virginia cottage-life. She had
frequently heard Vicksburg spoken of as a cruel place for slaves, and
now she was in a position to test the truthfulness of the assertion.

A few weeks after her arrival, Mrs. French began to show to Isabella
that she was anything but a pleasant and agreeable mistress. What
social virtues are possible in a society of which injustice is a primary
characteristic,—in a society which is divided into two classes, masters
and slaves? Every married woman at the South looks upon her husband
as unfaithful, and regards every negro woman as a rival.

Isabella had been with her new mistress but a short time when she
was ordered to cut off her long and beautiful hair. The negro is naturally
fond of dress and outward display. He who has short woolly hair
combs and oils it to death; he who has long hair would sooner have his
teeth drawn than to part with it. But, however painful it was to
Isabella, she was soon seen with her hair cut short, and the sleeves of
her dress altered to fit tight to her arms. Even with her hair short and
with her ill-looking dress, Isabella was still handsome. Her life had
been a secluded one, and though now twenty-eight years of age, her
beauty had only assumed a quieter tone. The other servants only
laughed at Isabella's misfortune in losing her beautiful hair.

“Miss 'Bell needn't strut so big; she got short nappy har's well's I,”
said Nell, with a broad grin that showed her teeth.

“She tink she white when she cum here, wid dat long har ob hers,”
replied Mill.

“Yes,” continued Nell, “missus make her take down her wool, so
she no put it up to-day.”

The fairness of Isabella's complexion was regarded with envy by the
servants as well as by the mistress herself. This is one of the hard features
of slavery. To-day a woman is mistress of her own cottage; to-morrow
she is sold to one who aims to make her life as intolerable as
possible. And let it be remembered that the house-servant has the best
situation a slave can occupy.

But the degradation and harsh treatment Isabella experienced in her
new home was nothing compared to the grief she underwent at being
separated from her dear child. Taken from her with scarcely a moment's
warning, she knew not what had become of her.

This deep and heartfelt grief of Isabella was soon perceived by her
owners, and fearing that her refusal to take proper food would cause her
death, they resolved to sell her. Mr. French found no difficulty in securing
a purchaser for the quadroon woman, for such are usually the most
marketable kind of property. Isabella was sold at private sale to a
young man for a housekeeper; but even he had missed his aim.

Mr. Gordon, the new master, was a man of pleasure. He was the
owner of a large sugar plantation, which he had left under the charge
of an overseer, and was now giving himself up to the pleasures of a city
life. At first Mr. Gordon sought to win Isabella's favor by flattery and
presents, knowing that whatever he gave her he could take from her
again. The poor innocent creature dreaded every moment lest the
scene should change. At every interview with Gordon she stoutly
maintained that she had left a husband in Virginia, and could never
think of taking another. In this she considered that she was truthful,
for she had ever regarded Henry as her husband. The gold watch and
chain and other glittering presents which Gordon gave to her were all
kept unused.

In the same house with Isabella was a man-servant who had from
time to time hired himself from his master. His name was William.
He could feel for Isabella, for he, like her, had been separated from near
and dear relatives, and he often tried to console the poor woman. One
day Isabella observed to him that her hair was growing out again.

“Yes,” replied William; “you look a good deal like a man with your
short hair.”

“Oh,” rejoined she, “I have often been told that I would make a
better looking man than woman, and if I had the money I might avail
myself of it to bid farewell to this place.”

In a moment afterwards, Isabella feared that she had said too much,
and laughingly observed, “I am always talking some nonsense; you
must not heed me.”

William was a tall, full-blooded African, whose countenance beamed
with intelligence. Being a mechanic, he had by industry earned more
money than he had paid to his owner for his time, and this he had laid
aside, with the hope that he might some day get enough to purchase his
freedom. He had in his chest about a hundred and fifty dollars. His
was a heart that felt for others, and he had again and again wiped the
tears from his eyes while listening to Isabella's story.

“If she can get free with a little money, why not give her what I
have?” thought he, and then resolved to do it.

An hour after, he entered the quadroon's room, and, laying the money
in her lap, said,—

“There, Miss Isabella, you said just now that if you had the means

you would leave this place. There is money enough to take you to
England, where you will be free. You are much fairer than many of
the white women of the South, and can easily pass for a free white woman.”

At first Isabella thought it was a plan by which the negro wished to
try her fidelity to her owner; but she was soon convinced, by his earnest
manner and the deep feeling he manifested, that he was entirely sincere.

“I will take the money,” said she, “only on one condition, and that
is that I effect your escape, as well as my own.”

“How can that be done?” he inquired, eagerly.

“I will assume the disguise of a gentleman, and you that of a servant,
and we will thus take passage in a steamer to Cincinnati, and from
thence to Canada.”

With full confidence in Isabella's judgment, William consented at once
to the proposition. The clothes were purchased; everything was arranged,
and the next night, while Mr. Gordon was on one of his sprees,
Isabella, under the assumed name of Mr. Smith, with William in attendance
as a servant, took passage for Cincinnati in the steamer Heroine.

With a pair of green glasses over her eyes, in addition to her other disguise,
Isabella made quite a gentlemanly appearance. To avoid conversation,
however, she kept closely to her state-room, under the plea of
illness.

Meanwhile, William was playing his part well with the servants.
He was loudly talking of his master's wealth, and nothing on the boat
appeared so good as in his master's fine mansion.

“I don't like dese steamboats, no how,” said he; “I hope when massa
goes on anoder journey, he take de carriage and de hosses.”

After a nine-days' passage, the Heroine landed at Cincinnati, and Mr.
Smith and his servant walked on shore.

“William, you are now a free man, and can go on to Canada,” said
Isabella; “I shall go to Virginia, in search of my daughter.”

This sudden announcement fell heavily upon William's ears, and with
tears he besought her not to jeopardize her liberty in such a manner;
but Isabella had made up her mind to rescue her child if possible.

Taking a boat for Wheeling, Isabella was soon on her way to her native
State. Several months had elapsed since she left Richmond, and
all her thoughts were centred on the fate of her dear Clotelle. It was
with a palpitating heart that this injured woman entered the stage-coach
at Wheeling and set out for Richmond.