 | A century of Negro migration |  |
212
INDEX
- Adams, Henry, leader of the
exodus to Kansas, 135 - Akron, friends of fugitives in,
30 - Alton Telegraph, comment of,
113 - Anderson, promoter of settling
of Negroes in Jamaica, 79 - Anti-slavery, leaders of the
movement, became more
helpful to the refugees,
34, 35 - Anti-slavery sentiment, of
two kinds. 3 - American Federation of Labor,
attitude of, toward Negro
labor, 191 - Appalachian highland, settlers
of, aided fugitives, 31–34;
exodus of Negroes to, 146 - Arkansas, drain of laborers
to, 120 - Ball, J. P., a contractor, 95
- Ball, Thomas, a contractor, 95
- Barclay, interest of, in the
sending of Negroes to Jamaica,
79 - Barrett, Owen A., discoverer
of a remedy, 90 - Bates, owner of slaves at St.
Genevieve, 7 - Beauvais, owner of slaves,
Upper Louisiana, 7 - Benezet, Anthony, plan of, to
colonize Negroes in West,
9; interest of, in settling
Negroes in the West, 61 - Berlin Cross Roads, Negroes
of, 24 - Bibb, Henry, interest of, in
colonization, 79 - Birney, James G., promoter
of the migration of the Negroes,
35; press of, destroyed
by mob in Cincinnati,
57 - Black Friday, riot of, in
Portsmouth, 57 - Blackburn, Thornton, a fugitive
claimed in Detroit, 59–
60 - Boll weevil, a cause of migration,
169 - Boston, friends of fugitives
in, 31 - Boyce, Stanbury, went with
his father to Trinidad in
the fifties, 78 - Boyd, Henry, a successful mechanic
in Cincinnati, 95 - Brannagan, Thomas, advocate
of colonizing the Negroes
in the West, 10; interest
of, in settling Negroes in
the West, 61 - Brissot de Warville, observations
of, on Negroes in the
West, 12 - British Guiana, attractive to
free Negroes, 68 - Brooklyn, Ilinois, a Negro
community, 30 - Brown, John, in the Appalachian
highland, 33–34 - Brown County, Ohio, Negroes
in, 25 - Buffalo, friends of fugitives
in, 30 - Butler, General, holds Negroes
as contraband, 107;
policy of, followed by General
Wood and General
Banks, 102 - Cairo, Illinois, an outlet for
the refugees, 112 - Calvin Township, Cass County,
Michigan, a Negro community,
28–29; note on
progress of, 29 - Campbell, Sir George, comment
on condition of Negroes
in Kansas City, 143 - Canaan, New Hampshire,
break-up of school of, admitting
Negroes, 49 - Canada, the migration of Negroes
to, 35; settlements in,
36 - Canadians, supply of slaves
of, 13; prohibited the importation
of slaves, 14 - Canterbury, people of, imprison
Prudence Crandall
because she taught Negroes,
49 - Cardoza, F. L., return of
from Edinburgh to South
Carolina, 124 - Cassey, Joseph C., a lumber
merchant, 87 - Cassey, Joseph, a broker in
Philadelphia, 89 - Chester, T. Morris, went from
Pittsburgh to settle in
Louisiana, 124 - Cincinnati, friends of fugitives
in, 30; mobs, 56–58;
successful Negroes of, 92–
95 - Clark, Edward V., a jeweler,
88 - Clay, Henry, a colonizationist,
63 - Code for indentured servants
in West, note, 14–16 - Coffin, Levi, comment on the
condition, of the refugees,
114 - Coles, Edward, moved to Illinois
to free his slaves, 29;
correspondence with Jefferson
on slavery, 68–80 - Colgate, Richard, master of
James Wenyam who escaped
to the West, 11 - Collins, Henry M., interest of,
in colonization, 79; a real
estate man in Pittsburgh,
90 - Corbin, J. C., return of, from
Chillicothe to Arkansas, 125 - Colonization proposed as a
remedy for migration, 4;
in the West, 4, 10; organization
of society of, 63;
failure to remove free Negroes,
64–65, 66; opposed
by free people of color, 65–
66; meetings of, in the interest
of the West Indies,
69–70; impeded by the exodus
to the West Indies, 70;
a remedy for migration, 61–
80 - Colonization, Society, organization
of, 63; renewed efforts
of, 148 - Colonizationists, opposition of,
to the migration to the
West Indies, 70–74 - Columbia, Pa, friends of fugitives
in, 30 - Compagnie de 1'Occident in
control of Louisiana, 6 - Condition of fugitives in contraband
camps, 103, 104,
107–108, 109–110, 114, 115 - Congested districts in the
North, 188–189 - Connecticut exterminated slavery,
2; law of, against
teaching Negroes, 49–50 - Conventions of Negroes, 99–
100 - Cook, Forman B., a broker,
97 - Crandall, A. W., interest in
checking the exodus to Kansas,
135 - Crandall, Prudence, imprisoned
because she taught Negroes,
49 - Credit system, a cause of unrest,
132, 133, 134 - Crozat, Antoine, as Governor
of Louisiana, 6 - Cuffé, Paul, an actual colonizationist,
63 - Davis, comment on freedmen's
vagrancy, 119 - De Baptiste, Richard, father
of, in Detroit, 28, 97 - Debasement of the blacks
after Reconstruction, 154 - Delany, Martin R., interest
of, in colonization, 79–80 - De Tocqueville, observation
of, on the condition of free
Negroes in the North, 44 - Delaware, disfranchisement of
Negroes in, 39 - Detroit, Negroes in, 27;
friends of fugitives in, 30;
a gateway to Canada, 35;
the Negro question in, 54–
55; mob of, rises against
Negroes, 59–60; successful
Negroes of, 96 - Dinwiddie, Governor, Fears
of, as to servile insurrection,
12 - Diseases of Negroes in the
North, 189 - Distribution of intelligent
blacks, 36–38 - Douglass, Frederick, the leading
Negro journalist, 98;
advice of, on staying in the
South to retain political
power, 164; comment of, on
exodus to Kansas, 138–139 - Downing, Thomas, owner of
a restaurant, 87 - Drain of laborers to Mississippi
and Louisiana, 120;
to Arkansas and Texas, 120 - Eaton, John, work of, among
the refugees, 110–111 - Economic opportunities for
the Negro in the North,
183–184; economic opportunities
for Negroes in the
South, 184–185 - Educational facilities, the
lack of, 155 - Elizabethtown, friends of fugitives
in, 30 - Elliot, R. B., return of, from
Boston to South Carolina,
124 - Elmira, friends of fugitives
in, 30 - Emancipation of the Negroes
in the West Indies, the effect
of, 68–71 - Epstein, Abraham, an authority
on the Negro migrant
in Pittsburgh, 188 - Exodus, the, during the World
War, 167–192; causes, 167–
171, 172–176; efforts of the
South to check it, 172; Negroes
divided on it, 175;
whites divided on it, 176;
unfortunate for the South,
177; probable results, 179–
180; will increase political
power of Negro, 180–181;
exodus of the Negroes to
Kansas, 134–136 - Fear of Negro domination to
cease, 183 - Ficklen, comment on freedmen's
vagrancy, 119 - Fiske, A. S., work of, among
the contrabands, 111 - Fleming, comment of, on
freedmen's vagrancy, 119 - Floods of the Mississippi, a
cause of migration, 167–
169 - Foote, Ex-Governor of Mississippi,
liberal measure of,
presented to Vicksburg convention,
137 - Fort Chartres, slaves of, 6
- Forten, James, a wealthy Negro,
89 - Freedman's relief societies,
aid of, 111–112 - Free Negroes, opposed to
American Colonization Society,
65–66; interested in
African colonization, 67–
68; National Council of, 79 - French, departure of, from
West to keep slaves, 7;
welcome of, to fugitive
slaves of the English colonies,
11; good treatment
of, 12 - Friends of fugitives 30
- Fugitive Slave Law, a destroyer
of Negro settlements,
82 - Fugitives coming to Pennsylvania,
41 - Gallipolis, friends of fugitives
in, 30 - Georgia, laws of, against Negro
mechanics, 84; slavery
considered profitable in, 2 - Germans antagonistic to Negroes,
41; favorable to fugitives
in mountains, 31;
opposed Negro settlement
in Mercer County, Ohio, 26–
27; their hatred of Negroes,
82 - Gibbs, Judge M. W., went
from Philadelphia to Arkansas,
124 - Gilmore's High School, work
of, in Cincinnati, 94 - Gist, Samuel, settled his Negroes
in Ohio, 25 - Goodrich, William, owner of
railroad stock, 90 - Gordon, Robert, a successful
coal dealer in Cincinnati.
95–96 - Grant, General U. S., protected
refugees in his camp,
103; retained them at Fort
Donelson, 103; his use of
the refugees, 109 - Greener, R. T., comment of,
on the exodus to Kansas,
139–141; went from Philadelphia
to South Carolina,
124 - Gregg, Theodore H., sent his
manumitted slaves to Ohio,
27 - Gulf States, proposed Negro
commonwealths of, 147 - Guild of Caterers, in Philadelphia,
89 - Halleck, General, excluded
slaves from his lines, 102 - Harlan, Robert, a horseman,
95 - Harper, John, sent his slaves
to Mercer County, Ohio, 26 - Harrisburg, Negroes in, 24;
reaction against Negroes in,
44 - Harrison, President William
H., accommodated at the
café of John Julius, a Negro,
90 - Hayden, a successful clothier,
85 - Hayti, the exodus of Negroes
to, 74–76, 79–80 - Henry, Patrick, on natural
rights, 1 - Hill of Chillicothe, a tanner
and currier, 92 - Holly, James T., interest of,
in colonization, 79 - Hood, James W., went from
Connecticut to North Carolina,
124 - Hunter, General, dealing with
the refugees in South Carolina,
109 - Illinois, the attitude of, toward
the Negro, 54; race
prejudice in 50; slavery
question in the organization
of, 14; effort to make
the constitution proslavery,
15 - Immigration of foreigners,
cessation of, a cause of the
Negro migration, 172–173 - Indian Territory, exodus of
Negroes to, 143 - Indiana, the attitude of, toward
the Negro, 53; counties
of, receiving Negroes
from slave states, 24;
slavery question in the organization
of, 14; effort to
make constitution of proslavery,
15; race prejudice
in, 58; protest against the
settlement of Negroes there,
58–59 - Indians, attitude of, toward
the Negroes, 144, 145, 146 - Infirmary Farms, for refugees,
106 - Intimidation, a cause of migration,
156 - Irish, antagonistic to Negroes,
41; their hatred of Negroes,
82 - Jamaica, Negroes of the
United States settled in,
78–79 - Jay's Treaty, 8
- Jefferson, Thomas, his plan
for general education including
the slaves, 9; plan
to colonize Negroes in the
West, 9–10; natural rights
theory of, 1; an advocate
of the colonization of the
Negroes in the West Indies,
68–69 - Jenkins, David, a paper
hanger and glazier, 92 - Johnson General, permitted
slave hunters to seek their
slaves in his lines, 102 - Julius, John, proprietor of a
café in which he entertained
President William H. Harrison,
90 - Kansas Freedmen's Relief Association,
the work of, 141 - Kansas refugees, condition of,
142; treatment of, 142–143 - Kaokia, slaves of, 6
- Kaskaskia, slaves of, 6
- Keith, George, interested in
the Negroes, 20 - Kentucky, disfranchisement of
Negroes in, 39; abolition
society of, advocated the
colonization of the blacks
in the West, 10 - Key, Francis S., a colonizationist,
63 - Kingsley, Z., a master, settled
his son of color in Hayti,
75–77 - Ku Klux Klan, the work of,
128 - Labor agents promoting the
migration of Negroes, 173–
174 - Lambert, William, interest of,
in the colonization of Negroes,
79 - Land tenure, a cause of unrest,
131, 133, 134; after
Reconstruction, 131–132 - Langston, John M., returned
from Ohio to Virginia, 124 - Lawrence County, Ohio, Negroes
immigrated into, 57 - Liberia, freedmen sent to, 22
- Lincoln, Abraham, urged withholding
slaves, 103 - Louis XIV, slave regulations
of, 7 - Louisiana, drain of laborers
to, 120; exodus from, 134;
refugees in, 106 - Lower Camps, Brown County,
Negroes of, 25 - Lower Louisiana, conditions
of, 7; conditions of slaves
in, 7 - Lundy, Benjamin, promoter
of the migration of Negroes,
35 - Lynching, a cause of migration,
128–129, 156; number
of Negroes lynched, 156 - McCook, General, permitted
slave hunters to seek their
Negroes in his lines, 102 - Maryland, disfranchisement of
Negroes in, 39; passed laws
against Negro mechanics,
84; reaction in, 2 - Massachusetts exterminated
slavery, 2 - Meade, Bishop William, a
colonizationist, 63 - Mercer County, Ohio, successful
Negroes of, 93; resolutions
of citizens against Negroes,
56 - Miami County, Randolph's
Negroes sent to, 27 - Michigan, Negroes transplanted
to, 27; attitude of,
toward the Negro, 54 - Migration, the, of the talented
tenth, 147–166; handicaps
of, 165, 166; of politicians
to Washington, 160; of educated
Negroes, 161; of the
intelligent laboring class,
162; effect of Negroes'
prospective political power,
163; to northern cities, 85,
163 - Miles, N. R., interest in stopping
the exodus to Kansas,
135 - Mississippi, drain of laborers
to, 120; exodus from, 134;
refugees in, 106; slaves
along, 6 - Morgan, Senator, of Alabama,
interested in sending the
Negroes to Africa, 148 - Movement of the blacks to the
western territory, 18; promoted
by Quakers, 18 - Movements of Negroes during
the Civil War, 101–124; of
poor whites, 101 - Mulber, Stephen, a contractor,
91 - Murder of Negroes in the
South, 128–129 - Natural rights, the effect of
the discussion of, on the
condition of the Negro, 1–2 - Negro journalists, the number
of, 98 - Negroes, condition of, after
Reconstruction, 126–129; escaped
to the West, 11;
those having wealth tend to
remain in the South, 160;
migration of, to Mexico,
151; exodus of, to Liberia,
157; no freedom of speech
of, 165; not migratory, 121;
leaders of Reconstruction,
largely from the North, 123;
mechanics in Cincinnati, 94–
95; servants on Ohio river
vessels, 94 - New Hampshire, exterminated
slavery, 2 - New Jersey, abolished slavery,
2 - New York, abolition of slavery
in, 2; friends of fugitives
in, 31; mobs of, attack Negroes,
48; Negro suffrage
in, 40; restrictions of, on
Negroes, 48–49 - North Carolina, Negro suffrage
in, 39–40; Quakers
of, promoting the migration
of the Negroes, 18–19, 21,
22; reaction in, 2 - North, change in attitude of,
toward the Negro, 100; divided
in its sentiment as to
method of helping the Negro,
83; favorable sentiment
of, 3; trade of, with
the South, 3; fugitives not
generally welcomed, 3; its
Negro problem, 186; housing
the Negro in, 186–187;
criminal class of Negroes in,
218188, 189; loss of interest
of, in the Negro, 157; not
a place of refuge for Negroes,
16 - Northwest, few Negroes in, at
first, 17; hesitation to go
there because of the ordinance
of 1787, 17 - Noyes Academy broken up because
it admitted Negroes,
49 - Nugent, Colonel W. L., interest
in, stopping the exodus
to Kansas, 135 - Occupations of Negroes in the
North, 190–191 - Ohio, Negro question in constitutional
convention of,
51; in the legislature of
1804, 51; black laws of,
51–53; protest against Negroes,
57 - Oklahoma, Negroes in, 144;
discouraged by early settlers
of, 144–145 - Ordinance of 1784 rejected, 4
- Ordinance of 1787 passed, 4;
meaning of sixth article of,
4, 5; reasons for the passage
of, 5; did not at first
disturb slavery, 8; construction
of, 8–9, 13 - Otis, James, on natural rights,
1 - Pacific Railroad, proposal to
build, with refugee labor,
113 - Palmyra, race prejudice of,
42 - Pelham, Robert A., father of,
moved to Detroit, 27, 97 - Penn, William, advocate of
emancipation, 20 - Pennsylvania, effort in, to
force free Negroes to support
their dependents, 42;
effort to prevent immigration
of Negroes, 42; increase
in the population of
free Negroes of, 42; petitions
to rid the State of
Negroes by colonization, 45;
era of good feeling in, 40;
exterminated slavery, 2; the
migration of freedmen from
North Carolina to, 21; Negro
suffrage in, 40; passed
laws against Negro mechanics,
84; successful Negroes
of, 88–90 - Peonage, a cause of migration,
154 - Philadelphia, Negroes rush to,
24; race friction of, 44;
woman of color stoned to
death, 44; Negro church
disturbed, 44; reaction
against Negroes, 44; riots
in, 45–48; successful Negroes
of, 88–90; property
owned by Negroes, 89 - Pierce, E. S., plan for handling
refugees in South Carolina,
102 - Pinchback, P. B. S., return
of, from Ohio to Louisiana
to enter politics, 125 - Pittman, Philip, account of
West, of, 7 - Pittsburgh, friends of fugitives
in, 30; Negro of, married
to French woman, 12;
kind treatment of refugees,
12; respectable mulatto
woman married to a surgeon
of Nantes, 12; riot in,
47 - Platt, William, a lumber merchant,
87 - Political power, not to be the
only aim of the migrants,
181; the mistakes of such
a policy, 181–183 - Politics, a cause of unrest,
153 - Pollard, N. W., agent of the
Government of Trinidad,
219sought Negroes in the
United States, 78 - Portsmouth, friends of fugitives
of, 30 - Portsmouth, Ohio, mob of,
drives Negroes out, 57;
progressive Negroes of, 92 - Prairie du Rocher, slaves of, 6
- Press comments on sending
Negroes to Africa, 148–150 - Puritans, not much interested
in the Negro, 19 - Quakers, promoted the movement
of the blacks to Western
territory, 18–38; in the
mountains assisted fugitives,
34 - Race prejudice, the effects of,
82–83; among laboring
classes, 82–84 - Randolph, John, a colonizationist,
63; sought to settle
his slaves in Mercer County,
Ohio, 26 - Reaction against the Negro,
20 - Reconstruction, promoted to
an extent by Negro natives
of North, 123 - Redpath, James, interest of,
in colonization, 80 - Refugees assembled in camps,
105–106; in West, 106; in
Washington, 155; in South,
106; exodus of, to the
North, 112; fear that they
would overrun the North,
113; development of, 116;
vagrancy at close of war,
117–118 - Renault, Philip Francis, imported
slaves, 6 - Resolutions of the Vicksburg
Convention bearing on the
exodus to Kansas, 136–137 - Rhode Island exterminated
slavery, 2 - Richards, Benjamin, a wealthy
Negro of Pittsburgh, 90 - Richard, Fannie M., a successful
teacher in Detroit, 97–
98 - Riley, William H., a well-to-do
bootmaker, 90 - Ringold, Thomas, advertisement
of, for a slave in the
West, 11 - Rochester, friends of fugitives
in, 30 - Saint John, Governor, aid of,
to the Negroes in Kansas,
141 - Sandy Lake, Negro settlement
in, 24 - Saunders of Cabell County,
Virginia, sent manumitted
slaves to Cass County, Michigan,
28 - Saxton, General Rufus, plan
for handling refugees in
South Carolina, 102 - Scotch-Irish Presbyterians,
favorable to fugitives, 31 - Scott, Henry, owner of a pickling
business, 87 - Scroggs, Wm. O., referred to
as authority on interstate
migration, 121 - Segregation, a cause of migration,
157 - Shelby County, Ohio, Negroes
in, 24 - Sierra Leone, Negroes of, settled
in Jamaica, 79 - Simmons, W. J., returned
from Pennsylvania to Kentucky,
124 - Singleton, Moses, leader of the
exodus from Kansas, 135 - Sixth Article of Ordinance of
1787, 4–5 - Slave Code in Louisiana, 7
- Slavery in the Northwest, 5,
6, 7; slavery in Indiana, 5;
slavery of whites, 5 - Slaves, mingled freely with
their masters in early West,
7 - Smith, Gerrit, effort to colonize
Negroes in New York,
86–87 - Smith, Stephen, a lumber merchant,
89 - South Carolina, slavery considered
profitable there, 2 - South, change of attitude of,
toward the Negro, 185;
drastic laws against vagrancy,
121–123 - Southern States divided on
the Negro, 32–33 - Spears, Noah, sent his manumitted
slaves to Greene
County, Ohio, 27 - Starr, Frederick, comment of,
on the refugees, 113 - Steubenville, successful Negroes
of, 91 - Still, William, a coal merchant,
89–90 - St. Philippe, slaves of, 6
- Success of Negro migrants,
81–101 - Suffrage of the Negroes in the
colonies, 39–40 - Tappan, Arthur, attacked by
New York mob, 41 - Tappan, Lewis, attacked by
New York mob, 48 - Terrorism, a cause of migration,
177 - Texas, drain of laborers to,
120; proposed colony of
Negroes there, 66 - Thomas, General, opened farms
for refugees, 106 - Thompson, A. V., a tailor, 95
- Thompson, C. M., comment on
freedmen's vagrancy, 118 - Topp, W. H., a merchant
tailor, 82 - Trades unions, attitude of, toward
Negro labor, 190–192 - Trinidad, the exodus of Negroes
to, 77–88; Negroes
from Philadelphia settled
there, 78 - Turner, Bishop H. M., interested
in sending Negroes to
Africa, 157 - Upper and Lower Camps of
Brown County, Ohio, Negroes
of, 25 - Upper Louisiana, conditions
of, 7; conditions of slaves
in, 7 - Unrest of the Negroes in the
South after Reconstruction,
126–130; causes of, 127–129,
130; credit system a cause,
132; land system a cause,
131; further unrest of intelligent
Negroes, 152, 153 - Utica, mob of, attacked antislavery
leaders, 48 - Vagrancy of Negroes after
emancipation, 117–119; drastic
legislation against, 121–
123 - Vermont, exterminated slavery,
2 - Vicksburg, Convention of, to
stop the Exodus, 135 - Viner, M., mentioned slave
settlements in West, 6 - Virginia, disfranchisement of
Negroes in, 39; Quakers of,
promoting the migration of
the Negroes, 18–19; reaction
in, 2; refugees in, 106 - Vorhees, Senator D. W., offered
a resolution in Senate
inquiring into the exodus
to Kansas, 138 - Washington, Judge Bushrod,
a colonizationist, 63 - Washington, D. C., refugees
in, 105; the migration of
Negro politicians to, 160 - Wattles, Augustus, settled with
Negroes in Mercer County,
Ohio, 25–26 - Watts, steam engine and the
industrial revolution, 2 - Wayne County, Indiana, freedmen
settled in, 23 - Webb, William, interest of,
in colonization, 79 - Wenyam, James, ran away to
the West, 11 - West Indies, attractive to free
Negroes, 68 - West Virginia, exodus of Negroes
to, 146 - White, David, led a company
of Negroes to the Northwest,
22–23 - White, J. T., left Indiana to
enter politics in Arkansas,
124 - Whites of South refused to
work, 127–128 - Whitfield, James M, interest
of, in colonization, 79 - Whitney's cotton gin and the
industrial revolution, 2 - Wickham, executor of Samuel
Gist, settled Gist's Negroes
in Ohio, 25 - Wilberforce University established
at a slave settlement,
27 - Wilcox, Samuel T., a merchant
of Cincinnati, 95 - Yankees, comment of, on Negro
labor, 115–116 - York, Negroes of, 24; trouble
with the Negroes of, 44
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| A century of Negro migration | |