BIBLIOGRAPHY
The secondary sources listed below are no substitute for
the original works of the thinkers discussed in this article,
but they can help in the interpretation of the original works.
General. M. Jammer, Concepts of Force... (Cambridge,
Mass., 1957); idem, Concepts of Mass... (Cambridge, Mass.,
1961); idem, Concepts of Space... (Cambridge, Mass.,
1954); sometimes technical, but comprehensive and schol-
arly. E. McMullin, ed., The Concept of Matter... (Notre
Dame, Ind., 1963; reprint, 1965), consists of papers from
a conference on matter. S. Toulmin and J. Goodfield, The
Architecture of Matter (London, 1962), a generally nontech-
nical but comprehensive historical survey.
Special Studies and Histories. C. Bailey, The Greek Atom-
ists and Epicurus (Oxford, 1928). E. A. Burtt, The Meta-
physical Foundations of Modern Science (London, 1925). H.
Butterfield, The Origins of Modern Science, 1300-1800
(London, 1957; reprint New York, 1962), pp. 7, 167 of
reprint. F. M. Cornford, Plato's Cosmology (London, 1937).
A. C. Crombie, Medieval and Early Modern Science (New
York, 1954); idem, Robert Grosseteste and the Origins of
Experimental Science, 1100-1700 (Oxford, 1953). H. Diels
and W. Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, 6th ed.,
2 vols (Berlin, 1951-52). P. Duhem, Le système du monde:
histoire des doctrines cosmologiques de Platon à Copernic,
10 vols. (Paris, 1913-59), a study extending into the Hellenic
and early modern periods, but principally concentrating on
the medieval, of which more than any other work it has
forced a reassessment. See also his Études sur Léonard de
Vinci, 3 vols. (Paris, 1906-13), for late medieval and early
modern periods. A. R. and M. B. Hall, A Brief History of
Science (New York, 1964). E. J. Holmyard, Alchemy
(Harmondsworth, 1957). G. S. Kirk and J. E. Raven, The
Pre-Socratic Philosophers (Cambridge, 1962). F. A. Lange,
Geschichte des Materialismus (1865), trans. as The History
of Materialism (London, 1926; New York, 1957). E. Mach,
Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch
dargestellt (1883), trans. T. J. McCormack as The Science
of Mechanics (Chicago, 1893; 6th ed. La Salle, Ill., 1960).
A. Mansion, Introduction à la physique aristotélicienne
(Paris, 1913; Louvain, 1946). S. F. Mason, A History of the
Sciences (London, 1953). S. Sambursky, The Physical World
of the Greeks (London, 1956); idem, The Physics of the Stoics
(London, 1959); idem, The Physical World of Late Antiquity
(London, 1962). R. Taton, ed., Histoire générale des sciences
(Paris, 1957-64), trans. as The General History of the Sci-
ences (London, 1963-66), is a monumental history with the
great advantages of combining the expertise and enthusiasm
of many specialists. Volumes I and II (of four) carry through
the eighteenth century. A. N. Whitehead, Science and the
Modern World (New York and London, 1925). A. Wolf, A
History of Science, Technology and Philosophy in the 16th
and 17th Century, 2 vols. (London, 1935).
HAROLD J. JOHNSON
[See also
Atomism; Cosmology; Historical and Dialectical
Materialism;
Newton on Method; Unity of Science.]
