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In China, fathers are punished for the crimes of their children. This was likewise the custom of Peru; [62] a custom derived from the notion of despotic power. Little does it signify to say that in China the father is punished for not having exerted that paternal authority which nature has established, and the laws themselves have improved. This still supposes that there is no honour among the Chinese. Amongst us, parents whose children are condemned by the laws of their country, and children [63] whose parents have undergone the like fate, are as severely punished by shame, as they would be in China by the loss of their lives.