 | Catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia |  |
ACADEMICAL SCHOOLS.
LITERARY DEPARTMENT.
WILLIAM E. PETERS, LL. D., Professor of Latin.
JOHN H. WHEELER, M. A., Ph. D., Professor of Greek.
M. SCHELE DE VERE, Ph. D., J. U. D., Professor of Modern Languages.
JAMES M. GARNETT, M. A., LL. D., Professor of English.
GEORGE FREDERICK HOLMES, LL. D., Professor of Historical Science.
NOAH K. DAVIS, LL. D., Professor of Moral Philosophy.
WILLIAM H. PERKINSON, Instructor in Latin.
C. H. FAUNTLEROY, B. Let., Instructor in Greek.
JULIAN TAYLOR, M. A., Instructor in Modern Languages.
SCHOOL OF LATIN.
Prof. Peters.
The subjects taught are the Latin Language, and Roman History and
Literature. The School is divided into two classes, Junior and Senior.
Text-books:—Junior Class—Sallust, Ovid, Terence, Cicero de Officiis, Horace.
Senior Class—Horace, Seneca, Juvenal, Livy, Cicero, Tacitus.
Grammars:—Zumpt's, Gildersleeve's, Roby's, Printed Lectures of the Professor.
Lexicons:—Andrew's, or Freunds' Leverett.
Roman History and Literature are taught in the Senior Class.
Instruction is given by lectures, and by examinations upon the portions
of text assigned for recitation. Written exercises in rendering Latin into
English, and English into Latin, constitute a prominent feature in
the course. In addition to the portions of the several authors read
in the lecture-room, a course of extra and parallel reading is required
in each class. The examination for graduation is not limited to the portions
read in the lecture-room, nor to the parallel reading. The different
systems of Latin versification are fully explained by lectures, and the
general subject applied by readings and metrical exercises.
Sanskrit.—The Professor will also give instruction in Sanskrit.
SCHOOL OF GREEK.
Prof. Wheeler.
The School is divided into three classes, Junior, Intermediate, and Senior.
The method of instruction is by lectures, by examination, and by
written and oral exercises.
The Junior Class, for which a full knowledge of the Attic inflections
and some experience in translation are demanded, is intended especially
for those who wish to acquire a practical familiarity with the simpler Attic
prose. The geography and political history of Greece are taught in the
Junior Class, political and religious antiquities in the Intermediate, and
the history of literature, metres and historical grammar in the Senior.
Junior Class.—The authors read in this class are Xenophon and Lysias. Grammar:—Goodwin's.
History:—Fyffe's and Cox's.
Intermediate Class.—The authors read are Homer, Herodotus and Theocritus.
Grammar:—Goodwin's.
Senior Class.—Demosthenes, Plato, Thucydides, Sophocles, Euripides. Grammars:—Goodwin's
Moods and Tenses, and Goodwin's Grammar. Lexicons:—Liddell
and Scott, and Veitch's Greek Verbs. Metres:—Schmidt's Introduction to Rhythm
and Metre.
For each class a course of private reading is prescribed.
From each class exercises in Greek composition are required weekly.
In the examination of candidates for graduation, the passages given
for translation are selected from the classic writers at will.
Hebrew.—The Professor will also give instruction in Hebrew.
SCHOOL OF MODERN LANGUAGES.
Prof. Schele De Vere.
The subjects taught in this School are as follows:
1. The French, German, Italian and Spanish languages.
2. The Literature of these languages, and the History of each idiom,
embracing the general principles of the formation and growth of Language,
and of Comparative Grammar and Philology.
3. The Anglo-Saxon language, and its connection with the History of
English.
Graduation in French and German is required for the degree of M. A.
Diplomas of Graduation are conferred in each of the four languages
mentioned in § 1; a Certificate of Proficiency in Anglo-Saxon.
The following text-books are used in the several languages:
French.
Junior Class.—The Professor's Grammar and First Reader, Télémaque, Saintine's
Picciola, Masson's Dictionary.
Senior Class.—The Professor's Grammar. Brachet's Grammar, Molière, Racine,
Voltaire, Taine's L'Angleterre, Masson's or Littré's Dictionary. A course of private
reading is prescribed. Prof. J. A. Harrison's French Syntax is strongly recommended.
German.
Junior Class.—Otto's Grammar, Whitney's Reader, Schiller's William Tell, Whitney's
Dictionary.
Senior Class.—Whitney's and Wilmans' or Frauer's (German) Grammar, Whitney's
Dictionary, Schiller's Works, Gœthe's Autobiography and Faust, Jean Paul's
Flegeljahre. A course of private reading is prescribed.
Spanish.
The Professor's Grammar, Seoane's Dictionary, Colmena Española, Don Quijote,
Calderon's El Principe Constante, Lope's Estrella de Sevilla, Ticknor's History of
Spanish Literature. In default of the Professor's Grammar, reported to be out of print,
Knapp's Spanish Grammar will be used.
Italian.
Foresti's Grammar, Foresti's Reader, Manzoni's I Promessi Sposi, Tasso's Gerusalemme
Liberata, Pellico's Le Mie Prigioni, Petrarca, Dante's La Divina Commedia.
Anglo-Saxon.
Shute's Manual of Anglo-Saxon, The Professor's Studies in English, March's Anglo-Saxon
Grammar, the Anglo-Saxon Gospels.
SCHOOL OF ENGLISH.
Prof. Garnett.
Instruction in this School is given in two classes:
I. The Class of the English Language.—In this class the historical
and philological study of the language is pursued, beginning with its
oldest forms, and tracing the language, by the study of specimens,
through its different periods to the formation of modern English. Lectures
on the history of the language are also given.
Text-Books.—Sweet's Anglo-Saxon Primer, or Reader; Morris and Skeat's Specimens
of Early English, Parts I and II; Hadley's Brief History of the English Language.
II. The Class of Rhetoric and English Literature.—In this
class the principles of Composition and Rhetoric are studied, followed by
the study of the history of English Literature, and, when time allows, of
the works of selected writers. Essays are required at regular intervals.
Lectures on each subject are given in connection with the text-books.
Text-Books.—A. S. Hill's Principles of Rhetoric; Hart's Syllabus of Anglo-Saxon
Literature; Arnold's Manual of English Literature; Ward's English Poets.
Each class meets twice a week, and either class may be attended separately;
but graduation in both is necessary for a diploma in the School.
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL SCIENCE.
Prof. Holmes.
In this School are two classes—one of General History, the other of
the Processes of Historical Change. Either class may be taken separately.
I. In the class of General History the story of advancing civilization is
followed through the succession of the leading nations, from the commencement
of authentic history to the age of revolutions still in progress.
Text-Books.—Smith's History of Greece; Merivale's History of Rome (Puller's
Abridgment); Gibbon, abridged by Smith; Modern History, Text-Book to be indicated
hereafter.
II. The other class embraces Political Economy and the Science of Society,
Political Economy being treated as subordinate.
The Science of Society will investigate the laws and movements, the
growth, decay, and constitution of Societies, in the different stages of
social development.
Text-Books.—In Political Economy, Mill's Political Economy. In the Science of
Society, there is none. The class will be dependent for the present on notes of the
lectures.
N. B.—Students in the Literary Department will, in many cases, find
it advantageous to take the course in International and Constitutional
Law—Prof. Southall. (See p. 42.)
SCHOOL OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
Prof. Davis.
There are two classes, best taken in two successive sessions:
I. The class in Logic studies Deductive Logic, Inductive Logic, and
Applied Logic. Two lectures a week.
Text-Books.—The Professor's Logic, Fowler or Mill on Induction, Whately's Rhetoric,
Jevon's Principles of Science.
II. The class in Philosophy studies Psychology, Ethics, and History of
Philosophy. Three lectures a week.
Text-Books.—The Professor's Psychology, Hamilton's Metaphysics, Calderwood's
Moral Philosophy, Ueberweg's History of Philosophy.
GRADUATE COURSES.
School of Latin.—A class is formed of students who have graduated
in the School, and who desire a wider acquaintance with Latin than is
implied in graduation. Authors not embraced in the regular course are
read and closely studied. Special attention is given to translation; and
a prominent feature of the lecture-room exercises is the discussion by
members of the class of the text translated. The vocabulary acquired
by extensive translation is frequently applied in rendering into Latin
passages of English selected for the purpose.
School of Greek.—This course is designed primarily for students
who are making a professional study of Greek philology. With such
students the Professor will read and discuss the more difficult Greek
authors. Extensive courses of reading in the Greek authors, and in
selected text-books (English, German, or French) are assigned as subjects
for examination. Incessant practice in Greek composition is given.
Two theses, one in English and one in Latin, on subjects belonging to
Greek philology, are required as evidence of power to do original work.
Competent students who do not seek distinction at the examination of
this course, but simply desire to enlarge their knowledge of Greek Literature,
will be guided in their reading, and regularly instructed by the
Professor.
School of Modern Languages.—Graduates and others who may wish
to continue the study of any one of the modern languages or of Anglo-Saxon
beyond the customary limits, or who may aim at attaining the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy, will in this School read additional
authors in the language selected, study the science of language, and be
trained to write essays, giving proof of original research. To do this
successfully a certain amount of knowledge in the ancient, and at least of
two modern languages, will be required. Candidates for honors will be
given the choice between pursuing the study of linguistique with the
help of such works as Hovelacque's, Diez', Sayce's and others, or of
thoroughly studying one or more idioms from their origin to the period
of highest perfection. They will thus be led to compare the languages
belonging to certain families, like the Romance, Germanic or Slavic,
either with each other, or with other families, according to their lexical
or psychological peculiarities.
School of English.—In this School two separate graduate courses
will be arranged to suit the needs of those students who desire to
pursue further either philological or literary studies. The former will
comprise the further study of Anglo-Saxon and Early English works,
especially Anglo-Saxon poetry, or the study of Gothic and the comparative
grammar of the Teutonic languages. The latter will comprise
the study of some distinctive period in English literature, or of some
particular writer, or writers, including the political, social, and literary
characteristics of the age under consideration. In each course a thesis
will be required, giving evidence of independent private study of some
subject cognate with the course pursued, in addition to such examinations
on the course as may be advisable.
School of Historical Science.—The graduate course in this School
for the Degree of doctor of Philosophy will be varied from year to year,
but will always be designed to train the student in original research and
systematic exposition of the results. Some historical period, with the
accompanying social, political and intellectual development of the people,
will be made the subject of study. Such instructions and directions
as may be required to render these pursuits efficacious will be given
throughout the session.
School of Moral Philosophy.—The history of philosophy, ancient
and modern, with a special study of Aristotle and Kant.
SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT.
CHARLES S. VENABLE, LL. D., Professor of Mathematics.
FRANCIS H. SMITH, M. A., LL. D., Professor of Natural Philosophy.
JOHN W. MALLET, Ph. D., M. D., LL. D., F. R. S., Professor of Chemistry.
F. P. DUNNINGTON, B. Sci., Adj. Professor of Analytical Chemistry.
WILLIAM M. FONTAINE, M. A., Professor of Natural History and Geology.
ORMOND STONE, M. A., Professor of Practical Astronomy.
SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS.
Prof. Venable.
This School embraces two courses:
I. Pure Mathematics.
In this course there are three classes, Junior, Intermediate, and Senior.
Junior Class.—Theory of Arithmetical Notation and Operations,
Algebra, Geometry, Geometrical Analysis, Elementary Plane Trigonometry,
with the use of logarithmic tables. The preparation desirable for
entrance in this class is the thorough study of Arthmetic, of Algebraic
operations through Equations of the Second Degree, and of Plane Geometry.
Intermediate Class.—Plane and Spherical Trigonometry with applications,
Analytical Geometry of two dimensions, the elements of the
Theory of Equations. The preparation desirable for this class is the
study of Algebra, Geometry, and Plane Trigonometry, with the use of
logarithmic tables.
Senior Class.—Analytical Geometry of three dimensions, Differential
and Integral Calculus, Calculus of Variations, and Theory of Equations.
Lectures are given in this class on the history of mathematics, and on
the elements of some of the modern mathematical theories.
Text-Books:—Junior Class:—A portion of Todhunter's Algebra, Venable's
Legendre's Geometry, Todhunter's Trigonometry for Beginners.
Intermediate Class:—Snowball's Trigonometry, Table of Logarithms, Puckle's
Conic Sections.
Senior Class:—The Professor's Syllabus of Solid Geometry, Courtenay's
Calculus, Todhunter's Differential Calculus, Todhunter's Theory of Equations.
In the Junior Class are three lectures a week; in the Intermediate
Class, two lectures a week; in the Senior Class, three lectures a week.
II. Mixed Mathematics.
This course is designed for those students who may desire to prosecute
their studies beyond the limits of the Pure Mathematics. It embraces
applications of the Differential and Integral Calculus to selected
portions of Mechanics, Physics, and Physical Astronomy. There is one
class in Mixed Mathematics.
Text-Book:—Price's Infinitesimal Calculus, Vols. III and IV.
The instruction in each class in the School of Mathematics is conveyed
partly by lectures and partly by the systematic study of approved
text-books. The progress of the student in each class is tested by his
being required to perform written exercises, in which the principles acquired
are applied to the solution of selected problems.
Any student entering the School has the privilege of attending all or
any of the classes, and if prepared to enter an advanced class, may often
find it highly advantageous to review his previous studies by attendance
on a lower class also.
SCHOOL OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
Prof. Smith.
This School includes two courses:
I. General Physics.
Junior Class.—The Junior Class meets three times in each week.
The object of the course of lectures to this class is to furnish the student
with a comprehensive view of modern Physics, and to make him familiar
with its methods of investigation. With the design of laying a thoroughly
scientific basis for the course, a large space is given at the outset to the
discussion of the cardinal doctrines of motion, force, energy, and potential,
and to their simpler applications in the pressure and motion of visible
masses.
With this preparation the student proceeds to the subject of Molecular
Physics, embracing Sound, Light, Heat, and Electricity. Throughout
the course the established laws of motion and force are kept steadily in
view, and an attempt is made to exhibit the evidence, daily becoming
stronger and clearer, for the belief prevalent among scientists that the
entire body of Physics is a coherent and harmonious system of mechanical
truth.
Text-Books:—The Professor's Syllabus; Everett's Units and Physical Constants. For
reference:—Treatises by Clerk Maxwell; Jamin; Daguin.
Senior Class.—This class meets thrice each week, and studies Mathematical
Physics and Theoretical Astronomy. The parts of Physics
studied are usually Sound and Light one session, and Heat and Electricity
the next.
Text-Books:—Cummings' Electricity; Everett's Wave Motion; Bartlett's Optics;
Norton's Astronomy.
Candidates for graduation in the School of Natural Philosophy are required
to attend only the foregoing classes.
II. Practical Physics.
To meet the wants of students who may be preparing themselves to
become teachers of science, and of those who, for other reasons, desire to
push their studies in Physics beyond the limits of the lecture room course,
the Visitors have instituted a special course with the above title,
and have authorized a separate diploma of graduation to be given to
such as exhibit proficiency in its exercises. The course of instruction
in this class will be partly theoretical and partly experimental, embracing
the following topics:
1st. Theoretical.—Reduction of observations. Graphical representation
of results. Interpolation. Method of Least Squares. Essays on
prescribed Physical topics.
2nd. Experimental.—In this, the main portion of the course, the student
will learn physical manipulation, and the use of instruments by actual
practice.
(1), Lecture-room Apparatus and Lecture-room Experiments.
(2), Physical measurements and "instruments of precision." Cathetometer.
Spherometer. Dividing Engine. Goniometer. Balance. Syren.
Monochord. Revolving Mirror. Photometer. Microscope. Spectroscope.
Polariscope. Electrometer. Galvanometer. Meteorological instruments,
with daily use of the same.
Text-Books:—Chauvenet—"Method of Least Squares;" Kohlrausch- "Physical
Measurements."
SCHOOL OF GENERAL AND INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY.
Prof. Mallet.
In this School are two courses:
I. The course in General Chemistry consists of three lectures a week
throughout the session. The fundamental ideas of chemical science, the
relations of Chemistry to Physics, the laws regulating chemical combination
by weight and by volume, the atomic theory as at present viewed
in connection with Chemistry, the chemical nomenclature and symbols
now in use, and a general survey of the descriptive chemistry of the elements
and their compounds, inorganic and organic, are brought forward
in order, with incidental allusion to the applications in medicine, the arts
and manufactures, of the facts mentioned.
Text-Books:—Fownes' Chemistry, (last edition.) For reference:- Miller's Elements
of Chemistry; A. Naquet—"Principes de Chimie fondée sur les théories
modernes."
II. The course in Industrial Chemistry, in which also three lectures
a week are delivered, investigates in detail the chemical principles and
processes specially concerned in the more important arts and manufactures,
upon which, in large measure, depends the development of the
natural resources of the country, the opportunity being thus presented
of preparation for such positions as those of the miner and metallurgist,
the chemical manufacturer, the dyer, bleacher, tanner, sugar refiner, etc.
Text-Books:—Wagner's Chemical Technology. For reference:—Richardson and
Watt's Chemical Technology; Muspratt's Chemistry as Applied to Arts and Manufactures;
Ure's Dictionary of Arts and Manufactures; Girardin—"Leçons de Chimie
Elémentaire appliquée aux Arts Industriels;" Percy's Metallurgy, etc.
The lectures in both these courses are illustrated by suitable experiments,
and by such specimens, models, drawings, etc., as the various
subjects require. The collections of the University in illustration of the
processes and products of Industrial Chemistry have been procured with
and are unusually extensive and good—amongst the best on this side of
the Atlantic. (See page 56.)
SCHOOL OF ANALYTICAL AND AGRICULTURAL
CHEMISTRY.
Prof. Dunnington.
Instruction in this School is given in the two following courses:
I. In Analytical Chemistry, while the chief portion of the teaching is
necessarily individual, there are three classes:
The first class meets twice a week during the session, on each
occasion spending from three to four hours in practical experiments in
the laboratory. A course of practice in chemical manipulation is first
pursued. This is followed by a systematic course of qualitative analysis,
including blowpipe analysis, and the elements of fire assaying. Toward
the close of the session, the elements of quantitative analysis are taught
as far as the limitation of time will permit
The second class, in addition to the work of the first class given
above, pursues an extended course of quantitative analysis, determining
the composition of ores, minerals, clays, soils, building-stones, manures,
technical products, and like substances, and involving a full course of
instruction in practical chemistry. Members of this class have access
to the laboratory daily during working hours, and are assisted and encouraged
to undertake original research.
The third class is specially intended for students of medicine (see
page 40).
Among the works recommended to laboratory students are: Fresenius—"Qualitative
and Quantitative Analysis;" Greville Williams—"Handbook of Chemical Manipulation;"
Woehler—"Examples for Practice in Chemical Analysis;" Von Kobell—
"Tafeln zur Bestimmung der Mineralien" (also in English translation); Odling—
"Practical Chemistry for Medical Students;" A. Classen—"Elementary Quantitative
Analysis."
Besides the above, there is also a class in Practical Pharmacy, specially
intended for medical students (see page 40).
II. In Agricultural Chemistry there is one class, to which lectures are
to students of Agriculture, a larger number of lectures a week
will be given during a part of the year only.
In this course the chemical and physical properties of soils, of the
atmosphere, and of plants, chemistry of the processes of vegetable life
and growth, the composition and chemical preparation of manures, etc.,
will be discussed.
Text-Books:—J. F. W. Johnston and C. A. Cameron "Elements of Agricultural
Chemistry and Geology" (12th edition). For reference: S. W. Johnson—"How
Crops Grow," and "How Crops Feed;" N. T. Lupton -"Elementary Principles of
Scientific Agriculture."
Farmers who are not regular students of the University, but may desire
to attend this special course, are freely invited to do so.
Very liberal provision for this School has been made in the way of
material arrangements. The laboratory building is of ample size, specially
designed for the purpose of working students, contains all necessary
rooms, and is amply supplied with gas, water and all proper laboratory
fixtures; and all needful apparatus, chemicals, minerals, materials for
analysis, etc., are imported from Europe in abundance. (See page 56.)
CORCORAN SCHOOL OF NATURAL HISTORY AND
GEOLOGY.
Prof. Fontaine.
In this School are three classes: Geology, Mineralogy, and Botany.
I. Geology.—The subject of Geology will be taught during the entire
session, and three lectures per week will be devoted to it. The aim
of the course of instruction is to give as thorough an exposition of the
fundamental principles of the science as possible, and to teach the student
how to use them in practical work in the field.
Text-Books:—The Professor's Lectures, and Le Conte's Elements of Geology.
For reference:—Dana's Manual, and Lyell's Elements and Principles of Geology.
II. Mineralogy.—The subject of Mineralogy will be studied until
the intermediate examination in February. Two lectures per week will
be devoted to it. Special attention will be paid to crystallography, as
well as to the chemical and physical properties of minerals. In Descriptive
relations of the species will be made prominent.
Text-Books:—The Professor's Lectures, and Dana's Manual of Mineralogy and Lithology.
For reference:—Dana's Text-Book of Mineralogy.
III. Botany.—For the present Botany is transferred to the School of
Agriculture, Zoology and Botany. (See page 47.)
The excellent collections of Geological, Mineralogical, and Botanical
specimens in the Lewis Brooks Museum of Natural History (see page 55),
afford facilities for the study and illustration of the principles taught.
The lectures on Geology and Mineralogy end the last of April, when
field explorations begin, and continue two months.
Persons engaged in the study of Geology and Mineralogy, though not
members of the University class, can, with the leave of the Professor,
and on paying $25 to the Proctor, join the exploring party.
SCHOOL OF PRACTICAL ASTRONOMY.
Prof. Stone.
Besides the general fundamental principles of Spherical and Practical
Astronomy and Celestial Mechanics, instruction in this School embraces
the theory of meridian and equatorial instruments, and the instruments
subsidiary thereto, the methods of determining time, latitude and longitude,
the methods of determining right ascensions and declinations, the
formation of star catalogues, the use and construction of ephemerides,
the computation of elliptic and parabolic orbits and of special perturbations,
together with the auxiliary subjects of interpolation, mechanical
quadrature, and the method of least squares.
Throughout the course systematic training is given in numerical computation,
and in the use of astronomical instruments, and students are
expected to engage in such original work as their time and attainments
will permit.
Only in exceptional cases will students be able to complete the course
in less than two years.
Text-Books:—Chauvenet's Spherical and Practical Astronomy; Oppolzer's Lehrbuch
zur Bahnbestimmung; Gauss' Theoria Metus.
N. B.—Students in the Scientific Department will, in many cases, find
it advantageous to take the courses in Applied Mathematics, Professor
Thornton, (page 43); Physiology, Dr. Cabell, (page 39); and Zoology
and Botany, Prof. Page, (page 47).
GRADUATE COURSES.
School of Mathematics.—The graduate course will consist of selected
studies in the Higher Algebra, Modern Higher Geometry, the Infinitesimal
Calculus and some of its applications, or in the elements of
Quaternions.
School of Natural Philosophy.—For graduate studies the student
is referred to the paragraph "Practical Physics," page 32.
School of General and Industrial Chemistry.—The principal
part of the graduate course will consist of practical laboratory work on
subjects of original investigation; advanced reading may also be prescribed,
especially in the shape of the bibliography of particular topics,
to be looked up from various sources and condensed by the student.
School of Natural History and Geology.—In this School no fixed
course of study will be laid down for graduates. Subjects will be selected
from one or more of the branches included in the School, and assigned
to the students. As far as possible, original research will be required in
the treatment of the subjects chosen.
| Catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia | |