 | The University of Virginia record March 1, 1932 |  |
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
In the following description of courses, the number of hours represents
the amount of time each student devotes to the course. In addition to the
hours scheduled in the third and fourth years of the course, each student
devotes a considerable amount of time to practical work which does not appear
in the schedule, but the satisfactory performance of which is essential
to graduation. Thus the taking of histories, the visits to his cases in the
hospital, assisting at operations, attendance upon cases of labor, the employment
of microscopical and chemical methods of diagnosis in the hospital, require
much time which it has not seemed possible to record in a rigid
schedule.
The session, exclusive of the time devoted to examination, is divided into
a first term of twelve weeks, a second term of ten weeks, and a third term
of ten weeks.
First Year
Anatomy 1: 19 hours weekly during the first term and 12 hours weekly
during the second term. This course begins with a systematic study of the
bones, on the completion of which a part is assigned to each student for
dissection and study. On the completion of this course each student has
dissected a lateral half of the body. The student obtains his knowledge at
first hand and by his own personal efforts.
Dr. Bean and Dr. Speidel.
Anatomy 2: 6 hours weekly during the second term. This course consists
of a laboratory study of the anatomy of the central nervous system
carried out in considerable detail. The gross anatomy of the spinal cord and
brain is first considered, on the completion of which sections of the more
important regions are studied with the aid of the microscope. Fresh brains
and series of sections of the cord and brain are thoroughly used. A reconstruction
of the central nervous system showing the more important pathways is
prepared by each student.
Dr. Bean and Dr. Speidel.
Histology: 4 lectures or recitations and 10 hours of laboratory work weekly
during the first term. This course aims to acquaint the student with the microscopic
structure of tissues and organs. Cytogenesis and histogenesis are briefly
considered in the case of many tissues studied. The relation of histology
to physiology and pathology is constantly kept in view. The student is also
given opportunity to acquaint himself with the principles and practice of
histological technique.
A record of 70 per cent. in this course is required for admission to
Physiology, and of 80 per cent. for admission to Pathology.
Dr. Jordan and Dr. Kindred.
Embryology: 7 hours weekly during the second term. The laboratory
work (5 hours weekly) with sections and dissections of mammalian embryos,
is supplemented by lectures, recitations, and the study of models.
The course aims to give the student a knowledge of developmental processes,
in the light of which he may the better understand the more abstruse
normal conditions of adult anatomy, as well as many anomalies and variations.
Dr. Jordan and Dr. Kindred.
Bacteriology: Lectures, conferences and laboratory work 12 hours weekly
during the third term. The object of this course is to acquaint the student with the
microörganisms which are of importance to man and his environment, the methods
used in their study and identification. The fundamentals of infection and immunity
are taught. The student learns the common procedures used in the
diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease. So far as practicable the material
studied is obtained from the environment, from the body surfaces and excretions
of normal individuals, and from the body surfaces, excretions, secretions and
exudates of the persons with various common pathological conditions. The student
is thus introduced to the etiology of infectious disease and some of the factors
involved in resistance. Through a consideration of selected bacteriologic and
preventive medicine.
Dr. Maxcy and Dr. Kang.
Biochemistry: Lectures and laboratory, 9 hours weekly during the second
and third terms. Course comprises the chemistry of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates;
digestion, intestinal putrefaction, feces; blood, milk, and bile; particular
attention is devoted to the chemical physiology of digestion, secretion,
excretion, internal secretion, intermediary metabolism, and nutrition. Laboratory
work includes the study of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, purine compounds,
etc.; gastric contents, blood, milk, and urine; the digestive enzymes
and the digestion of foods; and extensive qualitative and quantitative work
on urine. A grade of 70 per cent. on this course is required for admission
to Physiology.
Dr. Chanutin and Mr. McEwen.
Second Year
Physiology: Lectures, conferences, and demonstrations, 5 hours weekly during
the first term, and 4 hours during the second term; laboratory work, 7 hours
weekly during the first term, 3 hours weekly during the second term. In the
lecture course attention is drawn to the fundamental branches of the subject,
and the more difficult aspects are thoroughly discussed. Recent important
physiological contributions are evaluated, and the student is directed further
to consult various monographs and original papers. Each student is
held responsible for preparing during the year a thesis of his own choice on
some phase of physiology.
The laboratory work consists of preliminary elemental experiments on
the neuromuscular system, followed by intensive courses in mammalian and
in human physiology. The latter are designed particularly to train students
to observe and record, and to interpret and make deductions from their
results. Suggestive outlines only are provided for the experimental studies
and emphasis is given to those branches of physiology which should prove
valuable in later work in medicine.
Open only to students who have obtained grades of 70 per cent. in Histology
and Biochemistry. An average grade of 70 per cent. and the satisfactory completion
of the laboratory work of this course is necessary for admission to Pharmacology.
Dr. Britton and Dr. Corey.
Pathology: 8 hours weekly during the first term; 11 hours weekly during
the second term, and 9 hours weekly during the third term. By a systematic
series of lectures, combined with demonstrations of both gross and microscopic
preparations, the various morbid conditions of the body are presented. In the
laboratory, under supervision, the student personally examines all of the gross
material and devotes considerable time to the study of the loan-collection of slides
with which he is provided.
In addition to this systematic portion of the course an attempt is made to
acquaint the students with fresh tissues and disease as seen at the autopsy table.
which assists at a limited number of autopsies. Fresh tissues are demonstrated
during class hours and, whenever possible, autopsies are performed before the entire
class.
Dr. Cash, Dr. Kang and Dr. Scherer.
Materia Medica: Lectures and recitations 3 hours weekly and laboratory
work 4 hours weekly, during the first three-fourths of the first term. A
thorough study is made of the sources, preparation, composition, properties
and interactions of medicinal substances to the end that they may be intelligently
prescribed. Special attention is paid to their standardization for
purity and potency. Prescription writing and incompatibility are dealt with
in frequent practical exercises. While the consideration of the more important
preparations of the Pharmacopeia and the New and Non-Official
Remedies consumes the greater portion of the allotted time, the course is
concluded with a critical study of many of the so-called patent medicines.
Dr. J. A. Waddell and Mr. Moir.
Toxicology: Lectures and recitations 3 hours weekly and laboratory work
4 hours weekly, during the last quarter of the first term. A systematic
review is made of the pharmacological action of such chemic agents as are
particularly liable to cause injury to health or loss of life, special attention
being given to their quantitative effects. Practical instruction is given in the
methods of isolating and identifying. The treatment of poisoning is dealt
with in detail.
Dr. J. A. Waddell and Mr. Moir.
Pharmacology: Lectures, recitations and demonstrations 4 hours weekly
and laboratory work 9 hours weekly, during the second term. The physical and
chemical characteristics and the mode of action of representative drugs and other
chemic agents are dealt with in both didactic and practical exercises. Special
attention is given to analysing and interpreting the results obtained in the laboratory.
An average grade of 70 per cent. on Physiology, together with the satisfactory
completion of the laboratory work of Physiology is required for admission
to the course.
Dr. J. A. Waddell, Mr. Moir and Assistants.
Physical Diagnosis and Theory and Practice of Medicine: 3 hours weekly
during the second term and 4 hours weekly during the third term. Instruction
is given by didactic lectures, quizzes, presentation of selected clinical cases and
bedside study of physical signs. Special attention is given at the beginning of
the course to the study of the normal subject.
Dr. Flippin, Dr. Mulholland, Dr. Wood, Dr. Blackford and Dr. Swineford.
Surgery and Gynecology: 1 lecture weekly during the second term; 2 hours
of lecture and 1 hour of amphitheatre clinic during the third term. An introductory
course in surgery. Lectures cover the subjects of wound healing, surgical
bacteriology and general pathological processes of surgical importance, such as
tumors, and diseases of the general systems of the body. Regional surgery is not
types of wounds and the progress of the process of healing with and without
infection.
Dr. Lehman and Dr. Goodwin.
Clinical Diagnosis: 6 hours weekly during the third term. In this course
the student is made familiar with those laboratory methods which are helpful in
the diagnosis of disease. These include, among others, the examination of blood,
urine, sputum, gastric contents, feces, spinal fluid, exudates and transudates. Instruction
is given in the Clinical Laboratory in the new Medical Building, which
is well equipped with the most modern instruments and apparatus.
Dr. Bray.
Third Year
Clinical Diagnosis: 6 hours weekly during the first term. This course completes
the work begun in the second year.
Dr. Bray.
Theory and Practice of Medicine: 4 hours weekly of lectures, recitations
and amphitheatre clinics during two terms of the session; practical work in the
wards of the hospital and in the Blue Ridge Sanatorium during one term. The
class is divided into three sections. Students assigned to medicine for one term
of the year act as clinical clerks in the wards of the hospital, where they are held
responsible for history taking and physical and laboratory examinations of patients
assigned to them. (Also see Phthisiotherapy.)
Dr. Flippin, Dr. Mulholland, Dr. Wood, Dr. Blackford and Dr. Swineford.
Dermatology and Syphilology: 4 hours weekly of lectures during the
third term, supplemented by clinics in the out-patient department. The importance,
etiology, prophylaxis, pathology, clinical history, diagnosis and
treatment of syphilis are discussed. After review of the anatomic and histologic
structure and physiology of the skin the diseases commonly met with
are discussed. The main object in this course is not to train specialists but
to give all the students basic information regarding the diagnosis and treatment
of the common skin diseases and syphilis. The relationship of these
to other branches of medicine is emphasized. This subject is completed
in the fourth year, q. v.
Dr. Smith.
Neurology and Psychiatry: 3 lectures weekly during the first term and
2 lectures weekly during the second term, supplemented by clinical demonstrations
and ward rounds. An attempt is made to correlate neurology and psychiatry,
so that although they are presented as distinct units their interrelation is
stressed. A special study is made of the more common neuroses and borderline
psychoses.
Dr. Wilson.
Surgery and Gynecology: 2 hours weekly of lectures and 1 hour of recitation
during the second term; 2 hours weekly of recitation during the third term;
attendance in the out-patient department during the term. Lectures in the third
year are limited to special subjects such as gynecology, thoracic surgery and
neuro-surgery. Regional surgery is covered through the hours of recitation. One
weekly amphitheatre clinic is devoted to clinical observation and interpretation.
The second weekly clinic, shared by the fourth-year students, covers a more comprehensive
view of disease including the principles of treatment.
The out-patient department course gives opportunities for diagnosis and
treatment of clinical cases under close personal supervision. Experience in dressings,
bandaging, anesthesia and minor surgery is afforded. Surgical appliances
and technique are demonstrated to the students, divided into small groups. In
addition, the out-patient department affords practice in physical examination,
diagnosis and treatment.
Dr. Lehman, Dr. Goodwin, Dr. Morton and Dr. Drash.
Urology and Proctology: 2 lectures weekly for the first term; approximately
36 hours in the out-patient department. In the classroom a general survey
of the surgery of the genito-urinary tract and rectum is made by lectures and
recitations. Especial emphasis is placed upon modern methods of diagnosis
and treatment. In the out-patient department, one-eighth of the class at a
time obtains supervised experience in handling clinical cases and performing
minor operations. Opportunity is afforded for the observation of cystoscopic
and proctoscopic procedures.
Dr. Neff, Dr. Eikner and Dr. Pilcher.
Orthopedics: 2 hours weekly during the second and third terms, supplemented
by practical work in the out-patient department.
Dr. Ergenbright.
Phthisiotherapy: 1 hour of lecture 3 times a week for two weeks at the
opening of the session, to the entire class; 6 hours weekly for six weeks, with each
of the six sections of the class; and 2 hours weekly in the out-patient department.
The work is given in 3 two-hour sessions a week, held at the Blue Ridge Sanatorium,
and consists of demonstrations, ward rounds and assignment of cases for
history taking and physical examination. At the end of each clinic session the
case history, physical signs, X-ray plates and laboratory findings are compared in
conference. The procedure followed aims to instruct in the diagnosis and treatment
of tuberculosis by systematically presenting each step separately at first
and later combining them all in the full consideration of the case, including the
management and treatment of the patient both in institutions and private practice.
Dr. Brown, Dr. Stafford and Dr. Shelton.
Obstetrics and Gynecology: 3 hours of lectures and recitations weekly during
first and second terms for the entire class, supplemented by approximately 60
hours of practical work for one-half term in sections. In the lectures and recitations,
the physiology and pathology of pregnancy, labor, and puerperium are discussed.
The practical work for small groups of students comprises manikin exercises,
ward rounds, abdominal palpation of pregnant patients and experience in
prenatal care and pelvic examinations and diagnosis in the out-patient department.
and obstetric procedures in the labor rooms.
Dr. Williams and Dr. Nokes.
Pediatrics: 23 hours during the first term; 30 hours during the second
term, supplemented by practical work in the out-patient department, children's
clinic. Each section gets 70 hours in the clinic. This is 2½ hours three times
a week for each section. The observation and recording of symptoms and
signs is taught and a definite amount of diagnosis and treatment. 12 hours
during each term are devoted to case conference in which an intensive course
is given in record keeping with an explanation of the significance of the signs
and symptoms elicited during examination. 12 hours during this term is
given to field work which consists of sending students under the supervision
of the Social Service Worker into the field to observe home conditions and
make a general sociological survey. Students are then sent out under supervision
for an independent report.
Dr. Royster and Dr. W. W. Waddell.
Fourth Year
Theory and Practice of Medicine: 3 hours weekly of amphitheatre clinics,
lectures and conferences. Daily work in the out-patient department or wards of
the hospital during one-third of the year; the practical work is a continuation of
that of the third year. In this course the endeavor is also made to bring to the
attention of the senior student the more important problems of Internal Medicine.
The relationship of recent investigations in the fields of normal and pathological
physiology, biochemistry, immunology, etc., to internal diseases is especially emphasized.
No textbook is used; students are referred to the files, current issues
of journals and to reference works in the Medical Library as sources of information.
Appropriate time is devoted to medical ethics and economics.
Dr. Flippin, Dr. Mulholland, Dr. Wood, Dr. Blackford, Dr. Swineford
and Dr. Hart.
Dermatology and Syphilology: 1 ward round weekly for one trimester.
Cases of syphilis and skin diseases requiring special study or treatment are hospitalized.
This permits intensive study by senior students.
Dr. Smith.
Surgery and Gynecology: 1 hour weekly of surgical clinic throughout
the session; 7 hours weekly of ward classes, supplemented by clinic work in the
wards and operating room for one trimester with each of the three sections of
the class.
Instruction in surgery is carried on by clinics and bedside demonstrations
in the hospital. In the wards the students are assigned patients, whose histories
they must take. They must also make complete physical examinations, urine
analyses, blood examinations, etc. In the ward rounds the diagnosis, operative
and other treatment, post-operative care of the cases, complications, prognosis,
etc., are discussed in detail. A large variety of cases is available and
the close contact of the students with their cases and with the routine of
hospital management offers many of the opportunities that an interneship
the operations, thus acquiring familiarity with technique, anesthetization, etc.
In gynecology, urology and orthopedics the students have the same
general work as in surgery, consisting of the examination and the recording
of the cases in the public wards, attendance on ward rounds, at which the
cases are discussed, and observation and assistance in the operating rooms.
Dr. Lehman, Dr. Goodwin, Dr. Neff, Dr. Morton, Dr. Drash and Dr.
Gentile.
Roentgenology: Lectures, and practical demonstrations to the class in sections
throughout the year. The application of the X-rays to medicine and the
interpretation of plates in diagnosis.
Dr. Archer and Dr. Barker.
Surgical Pathology: 1 hour weekly during one-third the session. This
course is intended to supplement the general courses in pathology and surgery
and consists of lectures upon the pathology of surgical lesions, demonstrations
of fresh tissues obtained from the operating rooms, and examination
of microscopic sections.
Dr. Morton, Dr. Drash and Dr. Gentile.
Obstetrics and Gynecology: One-half section for 18 hours weekly for one-half
term. The work comprises operative obstetrical procedures on the manikin,
ward rounds, demonstrations of obstetrical and gynecological procedures, and
seminar exercises. In addition, practical experience is given in prenatal care,
parturition, postpartum care, and pelvic examination, diagnosis and procedures in
the wards, out-patient departments, labor rooms and operating rooms of the hospital.
Dr. Williams and Dr. Nokes.
Pediatrics: Students are instructed in the wards of the hospital twice a
week in ward rounds. In addition all students serve as clinical clerks and have
cases assigned to them for their personal care under the direction of the
professor or instructor. Frequent clinics are held in the mountains, the students
of the fourth-year class being used as assistants in this work. Students
are also required to go into the milk laboratory and acquire a knowledge
of the preparation of formulae by practical experience.
Dr. Royster and Dr. W. W. Waddell.
Medical Jurisprudence: 1 lecture weekly during one term of the fourth
year. The application of medical knowledge and skill to the needs of the law is
presented. References to literature are assigned for the fuller development
of special topics.
Dr. J. A. Waddell.
Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat: 2 lectures weekly during
the last two terms, supplemented by regular two- to three-hour clinics 3 times
a week throughout the session and clinical lectures to sections of the class as
suitable cases occur. The class is divided into small sections and each student
is taught the methods of examination and the use of the ophthalmoscope, otoscope,
head mirror, and of the laryngeal mirror. In the clinics each patient is assigned
the case is then demonstrated by the professor in charge, and, if possible, each
student makes his own examination under the personal supervision of the attending
physician. Clinical cases are abundant, and during the year the student sees
and handles practically all the common diseases of the eye, ear and upper respiratory
tract.
Dr. Hedges, Dr. Woodward, Dr. Tunstall and Dr. E. Burton.
Public Health and Sanitation: 3 hours weekly for half term. The class
is divided into six sections of about ten students each. Through a series of conferences,
field trips and laboratory assignments they are acquainted with the organization
and functions of the Albemarle County Joint Health Department and
the State Board of Health, with methods used in the purification of water supplies,
in the disposal of sewage, in the production of clean milk and its pasteurization,
and in industrial hygiene.
Dr. McQuade and Mr. Neblett.
Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology: 2 hours weekly during the first
two terms and 1 hour weekly during the third term. A series of lectures on the
epidemiology of the infectious diseases, the present status of knowledge of the
causes, modes of transmission and means of prevention. Emphasis is placed upon
the immunological and environmental factors concerned. Considering disease as a
community problem the functions of various official and voluntary public health
agencies set up to control preventable illness are discussed in their relationship to
the private practitioner. Instruction is given in the elements of statistical and
epidemiological technique.
Dr. Maxcy and Dr. McQuade.
Elective Courses: Open to medical students of the third and fourth years,
and to graduate students.
Histology and Embryology
1. The histology and embryology of the blood forming tissues: Session
1932-33.
2. The histology and embryology of the endocrine tissues: Session
1933-34.
3. The histology and embryology of the reproductive organs: Session
1934-35.
9 hours weekly during the third term.
Dr. Jordan and Dr. Kindred.
Anatomy and Anthropology
1. Topographic and Applied Anatomy: 8 hours weekly during the
second term.
Dr. Bean and Dr. Speidel.
2. Special Anatomical Dissections: Hours by arrangement.
Dr. Bean and Dr. Speidel.
3. Physical Anthropology: 9 hours weekly during the second term.
Dr. Bean.
4. Research in Experimental Anatomy: Opportunity for original investigation
is afforded a small number of specially qualified students.
Dr. Speidel.
Biochemistry
1. Biochemical preparations: Individual instruction is given in the
separation, purification and identification of products of biochemical nature.
6 hours of laboratory work a week during the entire year.
Dr. Chanutin.
2. Physiology of nutrition: An attempt is made to cover the subject
of nutrition in its broadest aspects. Various phases of digestion, respiratory,
basal and intermediary metabolism are studied. Previous knowledge in
Biochemistry is necessary. 1 hour a week during the entire year.
Dr. Chanutin.
3. Biochemical seminar: Papers pertaining to Biochemistry and related
subjects in the English, German and French literature are read by the participants.
The student is enabled to keep in touch with the advances made in
the subject. 2 hours a week during the entire year.
Dr. Chanutin.
4. Biochemical research: For those students properly qualified the
laboratory will be opened during the academic year and summer vacation.
Dr. Chanutin.
Physiology
1. Applications of physiology to medicine: Session 1932-33. Hours by
arrangement.
Dr. Britton.
2. The function of the alimentary tract and related organs: Session
1933-34. Hours by arrangement.
Dr. Britton.
3. Physiology of the fetus: Session 1932-33. Hours by arrangement.
Dr. Corey.
4. Comparative physiology of the internal secretions: Session 1933-34.
6 hours weekly during the third term.
Dr. Corey.
5. Original investigation: Opportunity is afforded a limited number of
specially qualified students to undertake investigative work at any time
throughout the year in physiology or nearly related sciences.
Dr. Britton and Dr. Corey.
Pathology
Pathology: Opportunity is given to a limited number of students to
study, under supervision, all of the current material of the department. Such students,
when properly qualified, may also undertake the study of special problems
in which they are interested. Hours by special arrangement.
Dr. Cash, Dr. Kang and Dr. Scherer.
Pharmacology
1. The biological significance and pharmacological actions of the compounds
of certain metallic elements, particular attention being given to Ca,
Fe, Mg, Mn, and Cu. Session 1931-32.
2. The influence of chemical structure on pharmacological action, the
significance of the presence and position in the molecule of alkyl, hydroxyl,
carboxyl, and amino radicles being investigated. Session 1932-33.
3. The standardization of drugs, embracing a study of the most representative
methods, chemical and biological. Session 1933-34.
Didactic, 2 hours a week and laboratory 4 hours a week during the first term.
Dr. J. A. Waddell and Assistants.
Dermatology and Syphilology
1. Clinical Dermatology and Syphilology: 3 afternoons weekly for one
trimester in the out-patient department.
Dr. Smith.
2. Laboratory and Practical Medical Mycology: 2 hours weekly during
the entire year.
Dr. Smith.
Neurology
Child Guidance: 3 hours weekly during the entire year.
Dr. Wilson.
Preventive Medicine and Bacteriology
Immunology: This course is designed to amplify the introduction to immunology
given in the regular course in Bacteriology during the first year. During
the third and fourth years the student has become acquainted with clinical
medicine. It is desirable to review the factors concerned in resistance to infection
and the scientific background for the treatment of infectious diseases. By
means of conferences and laboratory assignments the student is given an opportunity
to perform and observe some of the characteristic phenomena in test tube and in
the experimental animal. Special attention is given to those biologic reactions
which are of value in the diagnosis or treatment of disease such as the Wassermann
reaction, the Kahn reaction, agglutination technique, standardization of
antitoxic sera, etc.
Dr. Maxcy.
Surgery
1. Surgical Pathology: The daily material from the operating room and
the collection of pathological material in the files of the laboratory are studied,
with correlation between the pathological findings and the clinical history. The
students are expected to examine all fresh material in the gross and to study the
microscopic pathology. The view-point of the course is the interpretation of
these observations as illustrating the development and progress of surgical disease.
2 hours weekly for the session. Limited to two students of the fourth year.
Dr. Lehman and Dr. Fifer.
2. Surgical pathology and research in the field of the biological sciences
on subjects related to clinical surgery. The former portion of the course consists
of study and reports on a large collection of surgical pathological material.
The latter portion is to be arranged individually with the director.
The student is expected to spend his entire time for the year. Open only to
graduate students with M.D. degree and at least one year of interne service.
Dr. Lehman.
SUMMARY OF SCHEDULED HOURS OF INSTRUCTION
(Exclusive of examination periods)
| 1. | Anatomy, including Embryology and Histology | 696 |
| 2. | Physiology | 214 |
| 3. | Biochemistry | 180 |
| 4. | Pathology and Bacteriology | 356 |
| 5. | Pharmacology, Materia Medica and Toxicology | 190 |
| 6. | Hygiene, Sanitation and Preventive Medicine | 72 |
| 7. | General Medicine
|
995 |
| 8. | General Surgery
|
618 |
| 9. | Obstetrics and Gynecology | 200 |
| 10. | Elective | 60 |
| Total | 3,581 |
| The University of Virginia record March 1, 1932 | |