Palladius On Husbondrie From the Unique MS. of About 1420 A.D. in Colchester Castle. Edited by the Rev. Barton Lodge: With a Ryme Index Edited by Sidney J. H. Herrtage |
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| 11. | BOOK THE ELEVENTH.
OCTOBER. |
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 | Palladius On Husbondrie |  |
187
BOOK THE ELEVENTH. OCTOBER.
De adoreo, & tritico, & hordeo canterino.
1
Atte October is whete & ador sowe.Just sowyng of hem is fro x kalende
Of November until vi Idus blowe
Of December, and thenne is it atte ende.
This moone is dounge (is) caried oute on ende.
This moone is sowe eke barly canteryne;
Lande lene, or fatte, or drie, is for it digne.
2
Hit holdeth ther as seedes seldom growe,And gretly hateth it al dounged londe.
Now fitches, pese and lupynes beth sowe,
Sysame also right, as beforne is fonde,
Sowe at this moones Ide; eke after honde
Fasele in fatte or bareyne lande wol rise,
And strikes iiii oon acre shal suffice.
De lini semine serendo.
3
Nowe lynneseede, if the likest, may be sowe;But sowe it not; it souketh oute the swete
Of every lande; and, if thou wilt it growe,
Sowe it in fattest landes sumdel wete;
VIII strik of it is for oon acre mete.
Eke summen sowe it thicke in lene lande,
And subtile flax ynough theron wol stande.
188
De notanda vitium fertilitate.
4
Nowe nede is sette a signe on every vyneThat fertile is, scions of it to take
For setting. Columelle oon yeres signe
Reputeth not ynough preef forto make
Of fertillesse; but if it never slake
In yeres foure of bering forth expresse,
This is a preef of craftes gentillesse.
De ponendis vineis vel propagandis.
5
Nowe late in lande ther ayer is hoot & drie,And erthe exile or hilly drie or lene,
Vynes beth best ysette to multiplie.
Settyng, kytting, and pastynyng demene,
Trailing, repairyng, bosshing vyne clene,
As taught is erst, yf lande be drie, exile,
Hoot, gravelly, and gladsom other while.
6
So holpen is the vyne of winter rayneAyaine the landes lene povertee,
So drinketh it that is of drynkes fayne,
That is not wont of frostes vexed be,
For ther as lande is of that qualitee
The frostes na noo dominacion.
Nowe cometh este ablaqucacion.
De ablaqueandis vitibus.
7
After this moones Ide of Vynes yongeThe rootes voide away be kitte, lest they
Be cause of deth unto the rootes stronge;
And so right on the tiptoo let hem gey
So shal she not for hoote nor colde obey.
But kitte hem not to nygh, lest thei abounde
Three toon for oon, or feestern into a wounde.
189
8
Kitte hem a finger froo, and if ther beWynter plesaunt, apert is hem to leve;
And violent yf thou the wynter se
December Idus wrie hem, lest it greve.
For over colde doo douves dounge at eve
Aboute her roote, algour away to dryve.
Eke Columelle hath this yeres fyve.
De utilitate propagationis, de inserendis arboribus.
9
In September the propagacion,In landes suche as tolde is of before,
Is best to sette in occupacion:
For nowe thai maketh rootes lesse and more.
And whi? for branches nowe may thai noo more.
Summen also nowe graffeth vyne and tree;
But that in hattest lande is wont to be.
De olivetis instituendis & purgandis.
10
In places nowe that hattest beth and faire,As erst is saide, make uppe thyne olivete,
And alle that longeth to thaire semynaire.
Of olyvetes tyme is on to swete.
Olives white eke nowe confite hem swete,
As shal be taught; eke there is warme and drie,
Ablaqueate hem that thai may undrie.
11
Pulle of ich plaunte, as chargeth Columelle;Yet thinketh me the saddest ever amonge
Were husbondrie a parcel forto dwelle,
That whenne the damme is feint, the childe be stronge.
In stede of semynary werk, to fonge
On foote and goo: eke atte iii yeres holde
Hem goode to dounge; and namely ther is colde.
190
12
Six pounde of gootes dounge is for oon tree,Or evry tree a strike of askes gage,
The mosse alway yrased from hem be.
Eke Columelle hem kitteth viii yere age.
But I saye bareyne, feynt, or in dotage,
Yf bowes be, hem yerly utter trie.
And help hem thus if thay nyl fruetifie:
13
Unto the pith a ffrenssh wymble in bore,Threste in a braunche of roggy wilde olyve,
Threste ynne it faste, and to thaire rootes store
Alle naked made oildregges kest as blyve
Or old uryne. In this maner do thrive
A barayne tree to childe; in this courage
Hem forto graffe is goode, as sayen the sage.
Remedium si uva compluta est.
14
Nowe purge upp broke and diche; eke if greet rayneThe grape hath weete, after the formest hete
Of must of hem comyng, as Grekes sayne,
Is best alle into other vessel gete.
The water wol behinde alle heirylete.
This wyne translated thus is save & pure
And waterles. For whi? It hath his cure.
De oles viridi & laurino faciendo.
15
Fresshest olyve is taken, so dyversAs his colur is, and, to dwelle ore eve,
Let brede hem, lest thai hete & be the wers.
Eke everie drie or roton cors remeve,
And rather hool thenne groundon salt let streve
On hem iii strike on x strike of olyve,
And into skeppes newe hem haste as blyve.
191
16
This savery salt alle nyght so let hem drinke,And erly sette on werkyng hem the wrynge;
A savery oil ther wol oute of it synk;
But first with water warme is to bespringe
The chanels of this oile and vessellyng.
Lest rancoure oil enfecte, do fier away.
Nowe eke is oil to make of laury bay.
De herbis in orto serendis & plantandis.
17
The winter goolde is sowen in this moone,That loveth weet solute and gravel londe.
In salt lande nygh the see thay springeth sone,
But make hem playne upon to stonde,
Lest rootes bare, if molde fle, be fonde.
And katrefoil, whenne thai beth up yspronge,
Transplaunte hem into lande ydight with dounge.
18
The tasul plaunte is also nowe to sette,Thre foote ich oon of hem from other stonde.
The rootes cropped first and dounge ywette,
The increment in hem is to be fonde.
In wynter dayes drie uppon thaire londe
Let dounge and askes kest: eke now is sowe
Senvey that wolde in hardest lande be throwe.
19
Yit every where it maketh plaunte & flour;And fedd it is to dust; is ofte and weete.
But litel joy hath it of moche humour.
And as for seed in natal soil it fede
Transplauntyng as for meet is better dede
To make hem stronge; if it withinne is grene
For sauce or seede that grayne is to sustene.
192
20
This moone is malowe ysowe, and to be longeThe winter latteth it, or greet to thryve.
And gladde is it of fatte lande weet and dounge.
Eke hem transplaunte atte leves iiii or v.
The tender plaunte is take anoon, and blyve
Upgoth, and sekkul beth the greet ysette,
And thay that stille stondeth savereth bette.
21
But to fast into croppes lest thai riseLey softe a litel clodde on, or a stoon;
Ofte weded rare ysette eke is thaire gise;
But to pulle uppe the weedes oon and oon
That roote of it be meved therby noon.
And yf me make a knotte on everie roote
Thay wol be frogh ynough and tender soote.
22
Nowe dile is sowe in places temporate,Also the mynte is in this moone ysowe,
And onyons forto sowe eke tyme is atte,
Pasneep, and origon, and Tyme is throwe
In moolde, as nowe Armarik wol growe
Nowe sowe or sette; and bete in landes drie
Is in this moone ysette to multiplie.
23
Nowe leek ysowe in Veer transplaunted beThat it may hede, and ofte aboute it weede
And lifte her plaunte a litel quantitee
So holgh to stande and in the heed to sprede.
Basilicon eke nowe to sowe I rede
That springeth sone if aisel on hem reyne
I mene on hem al light if it me spreyne.
193
De pomis colendis & pomis condiendis.
24
Who wol do perveaunce in worldes longeThe palmes forto sette he must have mynde.
Nowe dates bones trie out fatte & yonge
And hem that fresshest newe are in thaire kynde
Hem under erthe in moolde and askes wynde.
Aprille or May the plaunte is in to sette.
Hoote land thay love, and often to be wette.
25
Solute or sondy landes thai require,So that aboute or under hem be do
A certayne of fatte lande as thai desire.
And hem transplaunte oon yere of age or two;
But do this first in Juyn and Juyl also;
Eke delve it ofte, and forto kepe of hete
Ay with and with licoure on hit to trete.
26
Salt water helpeth palme, or of natureOr made: and yf the tree begynne seke
The dregges olde of wynes wol it cure,
So it unto the bared rootes seke.
The heer do barke away from either cheke
Of everie roote, or make a saly pynne
And in the rootes clifte let drive it ynne.
27
The lande is nought for fruite that palmes groweUntilled ynne. Pistace is in this moone
Of plauntes sette outher of nuttes sowe.
But men & women sette together sowe
Wol fructifie, and so it is to done.
The man is he that hath under his rynde
Like bones longe stones as mankynde.
194
28
And other use an other diligence;—Thay smyteth oute the hede of skeppes smale,
And dounged moolde in it they wol dispense,
And therin doo pistaces iii by tale;
And of hem alle up wol ther a stale.
In Feveryere when it is waxen stronge,
If me transplaunte hit not me doth his wronge.
29
He loveth moiste & hoote & often drinke;In terebynt in Feveryer is he
Ygraffed, and in Marche as other thinke
He may be graffed in an Almauntree.
Colde ayer and weete lande hath the chiritree.
Thaire fruites wol be smale in places warme,
And hetes that be greet wol eke hem harme,
30
In hilles sette upgooth with merie chere,And nowe transplaunted beth thaire plauntes wilde,
In November also; but Janyvere,
Whenne thai beth take & gynneth go with childe,
Hem is it goode to graffe in dayes mylde,
Or in this moones thre thaire pomes springe
In moolde, and plauntes faste of it wol springe.
31
I preved have encrece of Chiritree.The yerdes that my vyne I sette unto
Anoon hath growen up an huge tree.
In Janyveer and November also,
And other sayen in October therto,
Ys hem to graffe in trunncke, as Marcial
Saith, I in rynde have founde it goode atte al.
195
32
And, as he saith, in truncke who wol hem dooMust pike away the downe of alle the tree,
For many a graff, he saithe, it hath fordoo.
This observaunce is to be kept, saithe he,
In chiritreen, and alle that gummy be:
To graffe hem whenne noo gume upon hem growe,
Or elles whenne it stynteth oute to flowe,
33
In plane, & in himself, in populeerHe graffed is, and in the plowme-tree.
In delves deep he is of mery cheer.
Greet rowme and delvyng often loveth he.
Kitte hem that dote or drie or densed be.
Thay hateth dounge; it dooth hem oute of kynde.
Nowe crafte to have hem stoonles kepe in mynde.
34
Withouten stoon wel wol thai growe & cheve,As Marcial saithe, if a tender tree
Me kitte atte footes tweyne, and thenne it cleve
Unto the roote, and with an yron se
The mary raised oute, and closed be
Hit sone ayenie; and binde it, wrappe in dounge
His heede and either half the slitte in longe.
35
And in oon yere uppe heleth it atte ones.Thenne in it doo graffes that never bere,
Therof wol be chires withouten stoones.
And that the trunkes roteth if thou here
Humoure ytake out of hem it to pere,
By grounde into the stocke it is to bore.
Of auntes harme a crafte is eke therfore.
196
36
Held on the tree the juce of PortulakeHalf aisel mixt, and forth thai goth yfere.
Or wyne dregges wol make hem thens slake
As floures gynne; and if Canyculere
So make hem faynt, hoote, & of drury chere,
A sester take atte iche of welles three,
And on thaire rootes atte eve it poured se.
37
But let not Echate this crafte espie.Outher an herbe is, clept symphoriake,
Ylike a crowne aboute her bodie plie;
Or nygh the roote a couche of it thou make.
And chiries in the sonne ydried take
And kepe as thay begynne in ryvullyng.
This moone also the male is sette to sprynge.
38
The male is sette in landes hoote & drie.At November kalendes quynce ane serve
In semynaire is sette to multiplie.
And of the same an almandtree thay serve.
Nowe pyne is sowe, and pomes forto observe
In condiment is nowe to make afore,
Of iche of hem as erst is taught the lore.
De apibus castrandis.
39
Castracion the been have efte this moone,As said is erst, if thai be riche, and elles
To leve hem halfe thaire goodes is to doone,
And if povert appere in thaire celles,
That robbeth hem wel worthi go to hell is.
Hony and wex as erst is nowe to make.
What shal be saide of wyne is tente to take.
197
De vinis pomorum.
40
That I have redde, and Greekes in thaire faithAfferme I thinke it here to you declare.
This difference in wine thaire writyng saith
Ther is, that swettest wynes hevy are,
The white a partie salt is not to spare,
The bledder helpeth it, the yolgh coloured
Digestion is greetly by socured.
41
The stiptik white a stomake that is laxeWol helppe enducing coloure that is pale
And lesse of bloode in man therof wol waxe;
From grapes blake a mighty wyne wol hale;
And swete of rede; and swettest from the smale;
And fro the white is drawe a commune wyne,
But condyment is thus to make it fyne.
42
The must decocte to his medieteeOr thridde parte thay caste to thaire wyne.
But Grekes have an other subtiltee:
Of see quyete up taketh thai maryne
Water purest, oon yere thai lete it fyne,
Wherof thai sayen so maade is the nature,
Of bitternesse or salt that it is sure.
43
This age alle ille odoure eschaungeth sweete.The viiith part therof in must thay doo;
The vth part of gipse is therto meete.
And after dayes three thai gothe therto,
And mightily thai route it to and fro.
Thus dight, thay sayen that longe thai wol endure,
And in coloure be resplendent & pure.
198
44
Iche daies IX a wyne is to be moeved,And namely when ther is a latte vyndage.
By seyng ofte is what to hold ypreved
And what is goode to send on pilgramage.
Of resyne drie and stamped sumen gage
Three unces into a tonne, and alto meve
It, and it shal endure, as thay byleve.
45
The must that is byrayned thus thai cure:By taste thay wite yf it berayned be,
The xx part away to boile, her cure
Is first of gipse an hundreth quantitee
Doon with; and other wol it boiled se
Until the vthe parte of it consume,
And after yeres iiii in use assume.
46
Of wynes soure is taught to make sweetWith barly floure, and not but cruses two,
As for a smalle vessel so moche is meete,
An houre into the wyne let it be doo.
And oon doth dregge of swete wyne therto.
Of glizicide a parte he hath infuse
All drie, and longe yshogged it wol use.
47
And best odour hath wyne in dayes lite,The bay of myrte agrest mountaine and drie
Yf that me grynde, or braying al to smyte,
And into a wyne barel downe let hem sie,
And after dayes x theroute of trie.
Or floures sweete of vyne or other tree
In umber dried may reserved be.
199
48
But bray hem smal, & presse hem in a neweVessel, and whenne thou wilt, on kades thre
Of wyne a certayne of this floures snewe,
And closed fast uppon the vessel se;
At dayes vi ydroken may it be.
And forto make a wyne to drynke swete
Of saturege or fenel putte in meete.
49
Other the fruyte of pynes nuttes twoWol bake, and in a cloothe into the wyne
Vessel let honge, and cleme it wol therto.
Atte dayes v yserved this wyne is.
To other crafte an ere eke to enclyne is:
Howe vynes yonge as olde shal appere:
Who liketh have that crafte may lerne it here,—
50
The soure Almaunde, & wermode, & feyn greeke,Frote hem yfere asmoche as wol suffice,
The gumme of fructifying pynes eke,
And bray alle aswel as thou canst devyse.
A cruce into a stene of wyne devise:
Confected thus ther wol be wynes greet.
Lest thay enfecte is forther nowe to trete:
51
Tak aloen & murre & magma withSaffron, of iche iliche, and thus demene
With brayyng whenne thay made to pouder beth
Let mynge hem with an hony that is clene,
A cruse of this nowe putte in a wyne stene;
And save thay are; and wynes of oon yere
Atte passing age is thus to make appere.
200
52
An unce of melion, of glicirideThre unce, and take asmoche of narde Celtike:
Let stampe hem also smal as may betyde,
With aloes tweyne unces epatike;
Let vessel it, and set it uppe in smyke.
Sex spoonful putte in v sester wyne
Wol make it auntceaunt appere and fyne.
53
The wynes browne eschaungeth into whiteYf that me putte in it lomente of bene.
To putte also in oon galon the white
Of eyron iii, and shake it in his stene,
The next day al white it wol be clene.
Of Afre pese if thou do to loment,
The same day it serveth thyne entent.
54
The vyne also thai sayen hath that nature,That vynes yf me brenne, or white or blake,
And kest hem into wyne, me may be sure
The wyne coloure after the vynes take,
For white of white, and broune of browne, shal wake.
But therof into a tonne a strike donne be,
That is x stene, and there be dayes three,
55
So close it, xl dayes let it rest.An esy wyne a man to make stronge,
Take leef, or roote, or caule of malowe agrest,
And boyle it, kest it so thyne wyne amonge.
Or gipse, or askes twey cotuls no wronge
Thi wynes doth, iii piluls of cupresse
Or leef of boxe an handful thereto gesse.
201
56
Or ache seede, & askes of sarmentWherof the flaume hath lefte a core exile,
The body so, not alle the bones, brent;—
Also a man may in oon dayes while
So trete a stordy wyne that it shal smyle,
And of a rough drinker be clere and best.
Now se the crafte is easy and honest.
57
Take pepur cornes x and twye as felePistacies, hem with a quantitee
Of wyne to stampe as smal as thou may dele,
And to vi sester wyne comyxt it be,
And route of so that thay togeder fle.
Nowe let hem rest, and clense hem, and to use
Hem right anoone ther wol noo man refuse.
58
A trouble wyne anoon a man may pure:Seven curnels of a pyne appul do
In oon sester of wyne that is ympure,
And travaile it a tyme to and fro,
And after suffre it to rest (to) go,
Anoon it wol receyve a puritee:
So clensed thenne & used may it be.
59
Cretenses were ytaught of Apollo,As it is saide, of aloes epatik
Foure unces, and of squinuant therto
Asmoche, and oon unce of fynest mastic,
Fyne mirre an unce, and of the piste Indik
But half an unce, an unce of mascul thure
Wel smellyng, and an unce of pepur dure,—
202
60
Bete all this smal, and sarce it smothe atte alle.And whenne the must boileth scome of the grape
That wol rise and be superficialle,
So take hem that nought oon of hem escape.
Take gipse and it with stamping al to frape
Sarce it, thre sexster Ytalike be do
To stenes x of wyne yscommed so.
61
But first this wyne forsaide the fourthe partInto sum other vessel is to brynge,
Therto this gipse is after to departe,
And with a reede all greene of fressh growinge
Two dayes in his turne it alto flynge,
The thridde day of this wyne in x stene
Let spoones foure of this powder demene;
62
Thenne unto it the fourthe parte be dooThat fro was take, and so fille up the tonne,
And move it long tyme to and froo
Til alle this spice amonge this must be ronne.
So stoppe it uppe all save from wynde or sonne,
Yit leve a litel hool oute atte to brethe
Thaire heetes estuant forto alethe
63
And after xl dayes this spiracleIs uppe to close, and whenne the list, it drinke.
The taste therof wol fare as a miracle.
But whenne wyne is to move, uppon this thinke,
A naked childe may best uppon it swynke,
Or oon as pure as he. In lynyment
For tonnes best dothe askes of sarment.
203
64
Goode stomak wyne and counter pestilenceThus make: of fynest must in oon me trete,
Or it be atte the state of his fervence,
VIII unce of grounden wermode in a shete
Dependaunt honge, and xlti dayes swete;
Thenne oute it take; in lomes smaller hent
This must, and use it as wyne pestilent.
65
Nowe thai condite her must egestionThat wol with gipse her wynes medicyne.
In light smal wyne withouten question
Two sester gipse ynough is to reclyne,
An hundreth conge wyne to that assigne.
And yf the wyne be sadde and mighty rounde,
Therto shal oon sester of gipse abounde.
De rosato sine rosa faciendo.
66
Nowe is rosate ymade withouten rose:Take leves green ynough of Citur tree
And in a palmy basket hem dispose,
And into must that yit not fervent be
Depose, and close or faste it closed se.
This taken oute atte xl dayes ende
Kest hony to, and as Rosate it spende.
De vinis pomorum; de ynomelle.
67
Now everie wyne of pomes is to makeAs crafte is taught before, iche in his moone.
Of greet and noble vynes nowe let take
Of must asmoche as semeth the to doone.
Atte xxti dayes ende it (is?) not to soone.
Oute of the pitte after that it is do,
The vthe part of hony rough putte to.
204
68
Not scomed fyne, wel stamped must it beUntil it white, and moeve it mightily
With reede algrene, and xl dayes se,
Or better l, doon contynuelly;
Aye with a shete, ycoverted clenly;
After this tyme in handes clene uphent
Alle that wol swymme and be superfluent.
69
So gipse it uppe, and kepe it for thyne age;But bette is kepte in pitched loomes smale,
And next atte veer let gipse hem, and forth gage,
And in a celle or colde erthe hem avale,
In floode gravel, or ther thay stonde a dale
Do make, and drenche hem therin: til worldes longe
This drinkes wol abyde, and aye be stronge.
(De) defructo, careno, & sapa.
70
Defrut, carene, & sape in oon manereOf must is made. Defrut of defervyng
Til thicke; carene is boyled nere
From three til two; but sape unto oon lette brynge
Fro three; and alle this crafte mys but boylinge.
But sape is best if quynces therwith be
Decocte, and alle the fier made of figtree.
De passo.
71
Now passe is made, that Affrike useth make,Afore vyndage; and thus this crafte thai trete.
A multitude of reysons puld thay take
And into risshy frayels rare hem gete,
And mightely with yerdes first hem bete
Until this with the grapes so desolve,
And thenne hem to the presses thay devolve.
205
72
Ther pressed oute is all that oute wol passe,And under kept into sum vessel clene,
And this licoure Affrikes calleth passe.
As hony me may kepe it in a stene,
In stede of whome in metes it demene.
This condyment is esy and jocounde,
Wherof inflacioun shal noon redounde.
De cidonite.
73
Take quynces ripe, and pare hem, hewe hem smalAnd al for smal; but kest away the core,
For it is nought to this effect atte al.
In hony thenne up boile hem lesse & more
Til it be halvendel that was before.
Do pepur with in boilyng smallest grounde,
This is the first maner;—and this seconde:
74
Another wise is this: take sestres twoOf quince, and oon sester (of) aisel
And half, eke two sester hony therto;
This mynge, and boile it alle togeder wel
Til it be hony fatte & thicke iche dele;
Of pepur and ginger tweyne unces grounde
To pouder smal is therto forto infounde.
De fermento mustorum servando.
75
A galon muste from under feet do toA strike floure of newe wheete, and it let drie
In sonne, and weete it oft & drie it do
Yit efte; the same in smallest loues plie
And drie it harde in sonne; in pottes trie
Now gipse it fast; and use this ferment
For musty brede, whom this wol condyment.
206
De uvâ passâ Græcâ condiendâ.
76
The reison greek in this maner thai make:Thai se where hongeth grapes goode & swete
The stortes softe in handes wol thai take
And writhe hem, and so writhen wol thai lete
Hem honge and drie awhile in sonnes hete,
And after hem in shadowe thai suspende
Her vessel while in dightyng thai contende.
77
The leaf of vyne all drie and chillyng coldeUnder thai do, and therin grapes presse,
And with thaire handes fast adoon hem folde,
So fille it uppe, and therto leves dresse,
In drie and colde, ther smoke is noon expresse,
Hem kepeth thai. This October upborn
With feet is as in Marche is saide beforne.
De Horis Octobris
78
The first and last houre xxv even,And next the first & last houre is xv,
The thridde houre from the first and last xi
Hath, and the fourthe houre viii is to sustene.
Next noone on either side on vi demene,
And noone himself stont short on footes v.
And whi? For Phœbus so short made him thrive.
Laus Deo, & continuacio librorum.
October spende, O sonne, O light superneO tryne and oon, lovyng, honoure, empire,
Withouten ende unto thi might eterne,
That shyne and goon aspire
Magre thi foon so list iche houre and gire
His spere aright, that savyng
Sterre is ther noone in alle oure emyspire:
Under whoos sight I gynne on November.
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