University of Virginia Library

Literary and Scientific Department.

SCHOOL OF LATIN.

Prof. Peters.

The subjects taught in this school are the Latin Language and Literature,
with the History of Rome. The School is divided into three
classes: Junior, Intermediate, and Senior.

Text Books—Junior Class—Cæsar, Ovid, Sallust.

Intermediate Class—Cicero, Virgil, Terence, Livy.

Senior Class—Cicero, Horace, Livy, Juvenal,
Taeitus.

Grammar.—Zumpt's, Gildersleeve's, Harrison's Exposition of the
Laws of the Latin Language.

Lexicons.—Andrew's, or Freund's Leverett.

History.—Browne's Roman Literature, Liddell's Rome, Long's
Atlas.

Instruction is given by lectures and by examinations upon the
portions of text assigned for recitation. The exercises of rendering
Latin into English, and English into Latin, in writing, constitute a
prominent feature in the course. In addition to the portions of the
several authors read in the lecture room, a course of extra and parallel
reading is required in each class.

Sanskrit.

The Professor of Latin will also give instruction in Sanskrit.

Text-Books.—Monier Williams' Grammar, Benfey's Lexicon, selections
from the Mahâ-Bhârata.

SCHOOL OF GREEK.

Prof. Gildersleeve.

The School is divided into three classes: Junior, Intermediate, and
Senior. The method of instruction comprises lectures (systematic and
exegetical,) examinations, written and oral exercises.

Junior Class.—The Junior Class is intended especially for those
who desire to make a thorough review of the inflections and to acquire
a practical familiarity with the great principles of the language.
The only author read in this class is Xenophon.

Grammar.—Kühner's Elementary.

Intermediate Class.—Lysias, Xenophon, Herodotus, Homer, and
Demosthenes.

Senior Class.—Thucydides, Sophocles, Euripides, and Plato.

Grammars.—Hadley's, Kühner's, Goodwin's Moods and Tenses.

Liddell and Scott's Lexicon, Smith's History of Greece.

A private course of parallel and preparatory reading is also prescribed
for each class.

The weekly exercises constitute a prominent feature in the plan of
instruction.

Post Graduate Department.—The Post Graduate Department
has been instituted for the benefit of graduates and others who wish
to pursue a more extended course of reading. The authors read in
this department are such as are either by their form or subjects less
suited for the regular school, e. g. Æschylus, Aristophanes, and
Aristotle.

In the examinations of candidates for graduation in Latin and
Greek, the passages given for the written translations are selected, not
from the portions of authors which have been read and explained in
the lecture room, but from the classic writers at will.

Hebrew.

The Professor of Greek will also give instruction in Hebrew whenever
the demand for such instruction is sufficient to make the institution
of a course of lectures expedient.

Grammar. — Deutsch's.

SCHOOL OF MODERN LANGUAGES.

Prof. Schele de Vere.

The subjects taught in this School are:

1. The French, German, Italian, and Spanish languages.

2. The Literature of these languages, and the History of each idiom,
embracing the general principles of the formation and growth of
languages, and of Comparative Grammar and Philology.

3. The Anglo-Saxon language, and, in connection with it, the History
and Laws of the English language.

Graduation in French and German is required for the degree of
A. M.

French.

Text Books. — Junior Class — The Professor's Grammar and First
Reader, Télémaque, Charles XII.

Senior Class — The Professor's Grammar, Advanced Reader,
Molière, Racine, Voltaire, Saintine's Picciola, Spiers and Surenne's
Dictionary.

German.

Junior Class — Otto's Grammar, Whitney's Reader, Schiller's
William Tell.

Senior Class — Whitney's Grammar, Adler's Dictionary, Schiller's
Works, Gœthe's Autobiography, Jean Paul's Walt und Vult.

Spanish.

The Professor's Grammar, Seoane's Dictionary, Velasquez' Reader,
Don Quixote, Calderon's El Principe Constante.

Italian.

Bacchi's Grammar, Monti's Reader, Manzoni's I Promessi Sposi,
Tasso's Gerusalemme Liberata, Pellico's Le Mie Prigioni, Dictionary

Anglo-Saxon.

Shute's Manual of Anglo-Saxon, The Professor's Studies in English.

N. B. — Prof. Schele de Vere, who is now in Europe, will be at his post
October 1st, 1873, and will take charge of his classes as usual.

SCHOOL OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY.

Prof. M'Guffey.

Text Books:

• 1. Hamilton's Lectures on Metaphysics.

• 2. Hamilton's Lectures on Logic.

• 3. Schuyler's Principles of Logic.

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• 4. Cousin's True, Beautiful, and Good.

• 5. Jouffroy's Ethics.

• 6. Stewart's Active and Moral Powers.

• 7. Alexander's Moral Science.

• 8. Butler's Analogy and Sermons.

The above books are used in the order named.

Three lectures each week are given.

SCHOOL OF HISTORY, GENERAL LITERATURE AND
RHETORIC.

Prof. Holmes.

This School is divided into two distinct classes — one of History
and one of Literature and Rhetoric. To each, two Lectures in the
week are regularly devoted; but exercises in literary composition are
required from the members of the Literary Class. Each study may
be pursued separately.

Class of History.

In the Historical Class the successions, revolutions, and various
aspects of the principal nations of the world are considered in such a
manner as to afford a general and connected view of the progress of
political and social organizations. Institutions and laws are noted as
the manifestations of different phases of society; an attempt is made
to discover and elucidate the conditions of historical advancement,
and to refer the changes of nations and governments to the operation
of regular principles.

Text Books—Schmitz's Manual of Ancient History; Smith's History
of Greece; Gibbon, Abridged by Smith; Taylor's Manual of Modern
History.

For reference—Long's Ancient Atlas; Appleton's (College) Atlas,
or Chambers' Atlas; Blair's Chronology (Bohn's edition.)

Class of Literature and Rhetoric.

In the Class of Literature and Rhetoric, the English Language,
English Composition, Rhetoric, and the English Classics, with the
History of English Literature, are studied.

The origin, growth and philological peculiarities of the Language
are considered; the various influences, domestic and external, by

which it has been brought to its present condition are explained; the
general principles of Rhetoric and Criticism are taught; the lives of
the most eminent authors in the language are treated in their historical
order and connection; and the critical examination and appreciation
of their chief productions occupy much of the time of the
student. The class will also be required to practise Literary Composition.

Text Books — Keane's Handbook of the History of the English
Language; Jamieson's Grammar of Rhetoric; Shaw's Complete Manual
of English Literature, Ed. Smith and Tuckerman; Student's Specimens
of English Literature, Ed. Shaw and Smith, London.

Shakespeare's Complete Works; Milton's Poetical Works.

For instruction in Oratory or spoken composition, those portions
of Dr. Broadus's Treatise on the Preparation and Delivery of Sermons,
which are appropriate to secular purposes, are specially commended.
The study of Angus's Handbook of the English Language
is also recommended.

Political Economy.

In the Class of Political Economy, lately connected with this School,
the Text-Books used are Say's Political Economy, and Mill's (J.S.)
Political Economy. Two lectures a week are given.

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS.

Prof. Venable.

This School embraces two distinct departments or courses:

• 1. Pure Mathematics.

• 2. Mixed Mathematics.

Pure Mathematics.

In the course of Pure Mathematics there are three classes, Junior,
Intermediate, and Senior.

Junior Class.— Theory of Arithmetical Operations and Notation,
Algebra, Geometry and Geometrical Conic Sections, with discussions
of the Ancient Geometrical Analysis, the Theory of Transversals, and
other subjects of Modern Geometry. The preparation desirable for
this class is the thorough study of Arithmetic, of Algebra through
Equations of the Second Degree, and of the first four books of Legendre
or Euclid.

Intermediate Class.— Plane and Spherical Trigonometry with
Applications, Analytical Geometry of two Dimensions, the Theory of
Equations, and Elements of Descriptive Geometry.

Senior Class.— Analytical Geometry of three Dimensions, the
Differential and Integral Calculus with applications to the Theory of
Probabilities, and the Determination of Mean Values and Centres of
Gravity, and the Calculus of Variations. Lectures are given to this
class on the History of Mathematics, and on some points in Controversial
Mathematics, with brief discussions of the elements of Tri-linear
Coördinates, of the Theory of Determinants, the Theory of
Complex Functions, and of the principles of the Method of Quaternions.

Text Books.—Junior Class—Venable's Higher Arithmetic, Todhunter's
Algebra, Legendre's Geometry. For reference and examples,
Pott's Euclid.

Intermediate Class.—Snowball's Trigonometry, Law's Logarithms,
Puckle's Conic Sections (Analytical Geometry), Church's Descriptive
Geometry. For reference, Todhunter's Theory of Equations.

Senior Class.—Aldis' Solid Geometry, Courtenay's Calculus,
Todhunter's Differential and Integral Calculus.

In the Junior Class there are three lectures each week; in the Intermediate
Class, two lectures each week; in the Senior Class, three
lectures each week.

Mixed Mathematics.

This course is designed for those students who may desire to prosecute
their studies beyond the limits of the Pure Mathematics. It
embraces Applications of the Differential and Integral Calculus to
selected portions of Mechanics, Physics, and Physical Astronomy.
There is one class in the Mixed Mathematics.

In the Class of Mixed Mathematics there are two lectures each
week.

The instruction in each class in the School of Mathematics is conveyed
partly by lectures and partly by the systematic study of
approved text-books, the student being assisted by full and frequent
explanations from the Professor, and being constantly subjected to
rigid examinations. The progress of the student in each class is also
tested by his being required to perform written exercises, in which

the principles acquired are applied to the solution of particular
problems.

Any student entering the school has the privilege of attending all
or any of the classes, and if prepared to enter an advanced class, may
often find it highly advantageous to review his previous studies by
attendance on a lower class also.

SCHOOL OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.

Prof. Smith.

There are two classes in this School.

Junior Class.— The Junior or General Class meets three times
each week throughout the session of nine months. The object of the
course of lectures to this class is to furnish the student with a comprehensive
view of Modern Physics, and to make him familiar with
its methods of investigation. With the design of laying a thoroughly
scientific basis for the course, a large space is given at the outset to
the discussion of the cardinal doctrines of motion and force. These
doctrines are established, and their leading consequences are traced,
without the use of mathematical symbols. Guided by these truths,
the teacher discusses, in the light of experiment, the structure of
matter according to the received atomic hypotheses, and the equilibrium
and motion of solids and fluids. These topics, with various
applications, occupy the first half of the course of lectures.

The remainder of the course is devoted to Molecular Physics, and
treats of Capillarity, Osmose, Wave Motion, Sound, Light, Heat and
Electricity. In this, as in the previous portion of the lectures, the
established laws of motion and force are kept steadily in view, and
an attempt is made so to present and discuss the phenomena as to
convince the student that the entire body of Physics is doubtless a
coherent and harmonious system of mechanical truth.

Text Books.— The Professor's written Syllabus; Maxwell on Heat.

Senior Class.— This class meets twice a week, and studies Mechanics
and Astronomy.

Text Books,— Parkinson's Mechanics, in conjunction with the Professor's
written lectures, Norton's Astronomy, Chauvenet's Spherical
Astronomy, Vol. I.

Mineralogy and Geology.

These subjects are assigned to a separate class, which the members

of the other classes in the School may attend without payment of an
additional fee. In this class the lectures commence with General
Mineralogy. This is treated with especial reference to Geology, to
which it is designed to be an introduction. In the lectures on Geology,
the specific identity of ancient and modern Geological causes is
pointed out; the present action of these causes, whether atmospheric,
aqueous, or igneous, is considered, and their effects in the past history
of the Earth are examined. The illustrations are drawn, as far as
practicable, from the Geological structure of Virginia.

The students have an opportunity of familiarising themselves with
the minerals, rocks and fossils exhibited in the lectures.

Text Books.— Dana's Manuals of Mineralogy and Geology.

SCHOOL OF GENERAL AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY.

Prof. Mallet.

In this School there are two classes:

I. The class in general Chemistry hears three lectures each week
throughout the session. The fundamental ideas of chemical science,
the relations of Chemistry to Physics, the laws regulating chemical
combination by weight and by volume, the atomic theory as at
present viewed in connection with Chemistry, the chemical nomenclature
and symbols now in use, and a general survey of the descriptive
chemistry of the elements and their compounds inorganic and
organic, are brought forward in order, with incidental allusion to the
applications in medicine, the arts and manufactures, of the facts mentioned.

The attention of medical students is particularly drawn to the
Physiological, Medical and Sanitary relations of the subject — the
chemical nature and properties of poisons, methods of detecting them
and of counteracting their effects, &c.

Text Book — Fownes' Chemistry, last edition. Recommended for
reference: Miller's Elements of Chemistry; A. Naquet — Principles de
Chimie fondée sur les théories modernes.

Lectures on Pharmacy are given to the students of medicine, this
special course beginning soon after the intermediate examinations.

Text Book — Parrish's Pharmacy.

II. The class in Industrial Chemistry, to which class also three lectures
a week are delivered, studies in detail the chemical principles and

processes specially concerned in the more important arts and manufactures,
upon which in large measure depends the development of
the natural resources of the country; the opportunity being thus presented
of preparation for such positions as those of the miner and
metallurgist, the chemical manufacturer, the dyer, bleacher, tanner,
sugar refiner, &c.

Amongst the more prominent subjects discussed are: The production
of materials of very general application, including the metallurgy of
iron, copper, lead, zinc, tin, silver, gold, &c.; the preparation and
properties of alloys, and the processes of electro-metallurgy, the
manufacture upon the large scale of acids, alkalies, salts, glass, porcelain
and earthenware; the production and preservation of food
including the processes of bread-making, wine-making, brewing and
distilling, the manufacture of sugar and vinegar, the curing of meat,
the examination and purification of drinking water, &c.; chemical
arts relating to clothing, such as bleaching, dyeing, calico printing,
tanning, and the preparation of Indian rubber; the chemistry of those
arts which afford us shelter, embracing the examination of building
materials, lime-burning, the manufacture of mortar and cements, the
explosive agents used in blasting, as gunpowder, gun cotton, nitroglycerine,
paints and varnishes, disinfecting materials, &c.; heating
and ventilation, the different kinds of fuel and modes of burning them;
illumination by artificial means, candles, lamps, the preparation of
petroleum, the manufacture of illuminating gas, matches; the chemistry
of washing, the preparation of soap, starch and perfumes; the
chemical relations of printing and writing, the manufacture of paper,
ink, artists' colors, photographic materials, &c.

Text Book — Wagner's Chemical Technology, translated by Crookes.
For reference — Richardson and Watts' Chemical Technology, Muspratt's
Chemistry as Applied to Arts and Manufactures; Ure's Dictionary
of Arts and Manufactures; Dumas — Traité de Chimie appliquée
aux Arts; Percy's Metallurgy, &c.

The lectures to both these classes are illustrated by suitable experiments,
and by such specimens, models, drawings, &c., as the various
subjects require. The collections of the University in illustration of
the processes and products of industrial chemistry have been procured
with much expense and pains in this country, England, France, and
Germany, and are unusually extensive and good — amongst the best, if
not the best, on this side of the Atlantic.

SCHOOL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING
AND ARCHITECTURE.

Prof. Bœck.

The School is divided into three classes:

Junior Class.— Theory and use of Engineering Instruments[1] ,
Land Surveying[1] and Levelling[1] , Construction of Roads, Railroads,
Canals and Tunnels, Spherical Astronomy and Geodesy, Drainage
and Irrigation, General Theory of Building, including Building Materials[1]
, Framing[1] , and Masonry[1] , General Theory of Projections[1] ,
Orthogonal and Oblique Projections, including Orthogonal and
Oblique Projections of Shades and Shadows[1] , Topographical Drawing[1]
, Constructive and Free-hand Drawing[1] , Drawing of Ornaments,
&c., Field Practice[1] .

Text Books.— Notes of the Professor.

Intermediate Class.— General Theory of Building continued,
embracing Lateral Pressure of Earth[1] , Retaining Walls[1] , Piers,
Arches, Foundations above ground and under water[1] , Strength of
Materials and its practical application to entire Constructions[1] ,
Roofs and Spires[1] , Private and Public Buildings, Warming and Ventilation
of Buildings, Wooden Bridges, in particular American
Wooden Bridges, Hydraulic Engineering, Construction of Wears and
Locks, River Improvements, Harbors, Supply of Cities and Towns
with Water, Sewerage, Axonometeric Projections, including Axonometric
Projections of Shades and Shadows[1] , Perspective, including
Perspective Projections of Shades and Shadows[1] , Stone Cutting,
Orders and Styles of Architecture, Free-hand Drawing continued,
Architecural Drawing and Design.

Text Books.— Notes of the Professor.

Senior Class.— Stone and Iron Bridges, Movable Bridges, Suspension
Bridges, Mechanical Engineering, Machinery and Machines,
Steam Engines, Mining Engineering, Construction of Furnaces and
Founderies, Architectural and Mechanical Drawing and Design, History
of Architecture, Higher Geodesy and Projection of Maps.

Text Books.— Notes of the Professor.

For the use of students in this school a commodious Drawing Hall
has been fitted up, and ample collections of Field Instruments, and of
Models illustrating the principles of Hydraulic, Architectural, and

Mechanical Engineering, have been provided. These models, of admirable
workmanship, were constructed for the University in the
widely known establishment of Schröder, of Darmstadt, Germany.

Agricultural Engineering.

Use of Engineering Instruments, Surveying and Levelling, Construction
of Roads, Drainage and Irrigation, General Theory of Building,
embracing: Building Materials, Framing, Masonry, Foundations,
Flooring, Roofing, Elementary Principles of the Strength of Materials
and their application in practice, Construction of Simple Wooden
Bridges, Rural Architecture, Machinery, Transmission and Change of
Motion, General Theory of Agricultural Implements and Machines,
Drawing and Design.

SCHOOL OF ANALYTICAL AND AGRICULTURAL
CHEMISTRY.

Prof. Mallet.

Adjunct Prof. Dunnington.

In Analytical Chemistry there are three classes:

I. The first class meets twice each week during the session, on
each occasion spending from two to four hours in practical experiment
in the laboratory. A regularly arranged course of practice in
chemical manipulation is first pursued; qualitative analysis is then
taken up, and the means of detecting the most important chemical
substances having been learned, students are required to find out for
themselves, by analysis, the constituents of unknown materials presented
to them. Special attention is given to substances having useful
applications in the arts or connected with agriculture. Towards
the close of the session the elements of quantitative analysis are
taught, so far as the limitation of time will permit.

II. The laboratory will be open to the second class on five days of
each week during the whole of the working hours of each day. A
full course of instruction in practical chemistry, including the qualitative
and quantitative analysis of ores, soils, manures, technical products,
&c., will be given; and students will be assisted and encouraged
to undertake original research.

III. The third class is one specially intended for students of medicine,
and will meet for lessons of two hours each, once in the week for four

months of the session. To this class the practical applications of
chemistry to medicine will be taught, the detection of poisons, chemical
and microscopical examination of animal products, urine, blood,
&c.

Among the works recommended to laboratory students are: Fresenius
— Quantative and Quantitative Analysis; H. Rose — Handbuch der
analytischen Chemie (also in French translation); Geville Williams —
Handbook of Chemical Manipulation; Wöhler— Examples for Practice in
Chemical Analysis; Bolley — Handbuch der technisch-chemischen Untersuchungen;
Oding — Practical Chemistry for Medical Students; A. H.
Church — Laboratory Guide for Agricultural Students.

In Agricultural Chemistry there is one class, to which lectures are
delivered once a week throughout the session; or, when found more
convenient to students of agriculture, a larger number of lectures per
week will be given during a part of the year only.

In this course the chemical and physical properties of soils, of the
atmosphere, and of plants, the chemistry of the processes of vegetable
life and growth, the composition and chemical preparation of manures,
&c., will be discussed.

Text Books — S. W. Johnson — How Crops Grow, and How Crops
Feed. For reference, J. F. W. Johnston — Agricultural Chemistry, R.
Homan — Theoretisch-praktische Ackerbauchemie.

Farmers who are not regular students of the University, but may
desire to attend this special course, are freely invited to do so.

Very liberal provision has been made in the way of material arrangements
for the teachings of this Chair. A new laboratory building of
ample size, specially designed for the purposes of working students, has
been erected containing all necessary rooms, fitted with double windows
for the preservation of uniform temperature, and amply supplied with
gas, water and all proper laboratory fixtures; and all needful apparatus,
chemicals, minerals, materials for analysis, &c., have been imported
from Europe in abundance.

THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL HISTORY, EXPERIMENTAL
AND PRACTICAL AGRICULTURE.

Prof. Jno. R. Page, M. D.

This School will be divided into three (3) classes, viz: Zoology,
Boany, and Agriculture.

I. Zoology will include the leading principles of the science, with
special reference to the Anatomy, Physiology, and Morphology of
typical species throughout the animal kingdom.

Special lectures will be given during this course in regard to Insects
injurious to Vegetation; Fish and Oyster culture; and the breeding,
rearing, and diseases of Domestic Animals.

II. Botany will include a minute history of the structure, physiology
and morphology of the plant, in embryo, root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit,
and formation of seed.

During this course, special lectures will be given on Noxious Weeds
and useful plants, and some of the Fungoid diseases of Plants.

III. Agriculture.— This course will be divided into two (2) parts,
Experimental and Practical.

1. Experimental Agriculture will have reference to the food of
Plants in the Atmosphere and Soil; the formation, variety, classification
and adaptation of soils to various crops, illustrated by suitable
experiments.

2. Practical Agriculture will relate to the Soil Cultivated, its
nature, exposure and drainage; the importance of making domestic
Manures and their application; the use of Fertilizers, with experiments,
in order to show their effects. Tillage illustrated practically
on the farm, in plowing, subsoiling, harrowing, rolling, &c.; in preparing
the land for the reception of Seed, as well as in the cultivation
of Crops. Special instruction will be given in regard to the practical
management of teams, in the various mechanical operations on the
farm.

The lectures in the three classes will be delivered concurrently
throughout the session, as far as practicable.

The following Text Books will be used in this School:

Manual of Zoology, Nicholson; School and Field Book of Botany,
Gray; How Crops Grow, Johnson; How Crops Feed, Johnson.

The following may be usefully referred to in connection with different
parts of the course: "Carpenter's Zoology;" Harris' "Insects
Injurious to Vegetation;" Chapman's "Flora of the Southern
States;" "How to Farm Profitably," Mechi; "Muck Manual," Dans;
"American Weeds and Useful Plants," Darlington.