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PIOUS IX (1792-1878):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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PIOUS IX (1792-1878):

reactionary PRIEST who became POPE in 1846. He pronounced the ROMAN CATHOLIC DOCTRINE of the IMMACULATE CONCEPTION in 1854 and promulgated the INFALLIBILITY OF THE POPE. In 1864 he issued the SYLLABUS OF ERRORS condemning LIBERALISM and MODERNITY.