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LECTURE HOURS AND LABORATORY PERIODS.
  
  
  
  
  
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Page 24

LECTURE HOURS AND LABORATORY PERIODS.

SCHEDULE.

                                                                         
Subject  Lecture
Hours
 
Laboratory
Periods
 
Examination
Days
 
Freshman  Mathematics 100-1-2  M. W. F. 9  II 
Chemistry 300-1-2  T. Th. S. 10  T. Th. S. 12-2 
Drawing 600-700-601  T. Th. S. 11  M. W. 11-2  IX 
Shop 660-1-x  Th. F. 6 
Field x-x-750  Th. F. S. 6 
Sophomore  Mathematics 103-4-5  M. W. F. 12  III 
Physics 200-1-2  T. Th. S. 11  M. W. F. 9-11  VI 
Drawing 603-5-4  M. W. F. 11  T. Th. S. 12-2  VIII 
Civil 701-3-2  Th. F. S. 9 
Mechanical 800-1-2  Th. F. S. 1 
Chemistry 330-1-2  T. Th. S. 10  9 hours a week 
Junior  Mechanics 500-1-2  M. W. F. 10 
Mechanics 503-4-5  M. T. W. 9  S. 9-2 
Civil 704-5-6  Th. F. S. 1 
Electrical 900-1-2  Th. F. S. 9  M. T. W. Th. 3-5  IV 
Chemistry 833-4-5  M. W. F. 10  12 hours a week 
Chemistry 303-4-5  M. W. F. 11  6 hours a week 
Mechanical 850-x-x  T. Th. 3-6 
Shop 662-x-3  M. W. 3-6 
Field 751-x-x  Daily 3-6 
Drawing 75x-5-6  12 hours a week 
Senior  Mechanics 50x-6-7  T. Th. S. 10 
Geology 400-1-2  M. T. W. 1  M. W. 10-1  IX 
Geology 403-4-5  M. T. W. 12  6 hours a week  VII 
Geology 40x-6-7  By appointment  9 hours a week  VII 
Mining 420-1-2  Th. F. S. 9  II 
Civil 707-8-x  Th. F. S. 12  II 
Mechanical 803-4-5  Th. F. S. 9  VIII 
Mechanical 806-7-x  Th. F. S. 11  II 
Electrical 903-4-5  Th. F. S. 11  M. 10-2  VI 
Electrical 906-7-x  Th. F. S. 12  W. 10-1  II 
Electrical 908-x-x  Th. F. S. 10 
Physics 208-4-x  By appointment  T. Th. 8-5  IV 
Chemistry 306-7-8  T. Th. S. 12  12 hours a week  II 
Chemistry 336-7-8  M. W. F. 3  T. 12-1  VII 
Shop 66x-4-x  12 hours a week 

The student is warned to adhere strictly to the regular programmes,
or else to select his courses so as to avoid conflicts of lecture hours, laboratory
periods, and examination days. The Faculty declines to accept any
responsibility for conflicts, unless the same have been authorized in advance
by a special vote of the Faculty.

For the session 1916-17 the initial examination days are 12 Dec.,
19 Mar., 28 May.



No Page Number

PROGRAM OF STUDY FOR DEGREES IN ENGINEERING.

                                                 
Civil
Engineering
 
Menchinical
Engineering
 
Electrical
Engineering
 
Chemical
Engineering
 
Mining
Engineering
 
Freshman  Math. 100-1-2  Math. 100-1-2  Math. 100-1-2  Math. 100-1-2  Math. 100-1-2 
Chem.[1] 300-1-2  Chem.[2] 300-1-2  Chem.[3] 300-1-2  Chem.[4] 300-1-2  Chem.[5] 300-1-2 
Draw.[6] 600-700-601  Draw.[7] 600-700-601  Draw.[8] 600-700-601  Draw.[9] 600-700-601  Draw.[10] 600-700-601 
Shop 660-1-x  Shop 660-1-x  Shop 660-1-x  Shop 660-1-x  Shop 660-1-x 
Field x-x-750  Field x-x-750  Field x-x-750  Field x-x-750  Field x-x-750 
Sophomore  Math. 103-4-5  Math. 103-4-5  Math. 103-4-5  Math. 103-4-5  Math. 103-4-5 
Phys.[11] 200-1-2  Phys.[12] 200-1-2  Phys.[13] 200-1-2  Phys.[14] 200-1-2  Phys.[15] 200-1-2 
Draw.[16] 603-4-5  Draw.[17] 603-4-5  Draw.[18] 603-4-5  Draw.[19] 603-4-5  Draw.[20] 603-4-5 
Engin. 701-2-3  Engin. 800-1-2  Engin. 800-1-2  Chem.[21] 330-1-2  Engin. 800-1-2 
Junior  Mechs. 500-1-2  Mechs. 500-1-2  Mechs. 500-1-2  Chem.[22] 333-4-5  Mechs. 500-4-5 
Mechs.[23] 503-4-5  Mechs.[24] 503-4-5  Mechs.[25] 503-4-5  Chem.[26] 303-4-5  Geol.[27] 400-1-2 
Engin. 704-5-6  Engin.[28] 900-1-2  Engin. 900-1-2  Engin. 800-1-2  Geol.[29] 40x-6-7 
Field 751  Engin. 850  Engin. 850  Engin.[30] 900-1-2  Engin. 701 
Shop 662-3  Shop 662-3  Engin. 850-950-952  Engin. 850-950-952 
Engin. 908 
Draw. 755-6  Field 751 
Senior  Chem. 336  Chem. 336  Chem. 336  Chem. 336-7-8  Chem.[31] 330-1-2 
Mechs. 506-7  Mechs. 506-7  Mechs. 506-7  Mechs. 500-504-505  Chem. 336 
Geol.[32] 400-1-2  Engin. 803-4-5  Engin.[33] 903-4-5  Mechs. 553-4-5  Mechs. 553-4-5 
Engin. 707-8  Engin. 806-7  Engin.[34] 906-7  Geol.[35] 400-1-2  Geol.[36] 403-4-5 
Engin. 800-1  Engin. 704  Engin. 860  Chem.[37] 306-7-8  Mining 420-1-2 
Engin. 908  Engin. 860  Phys.[38] 203-4 
Thesis  Shop 664  Thesis 
Thesis 

26

Page 26

Upon the completion of the four years' course as defined in any one
of the Programs of Study and the presentation of an acceptable graduating
thesis, the Faculty will award to any student in regular and honorable
standing the appropriate Degree of Civil Engineer, Mechanical Engineer,
Electrical Engineer, Chemical Engineer,
or Mining Engineer. In each
program will be found the Topics of Study for the several years. The hours
for lectures and laboratory exercises and the dates for the examinations are
given in the Schedule.

The student who adheres strictly to any one of the above programs
will escape all conflicts of lecture hours, laboratory periods, and
examination days.

 
[1]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[2]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[3]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[4]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[5]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[6]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[7]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[8]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[9]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[10]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[11]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[12]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[13]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[14]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[15]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[16]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[17]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[18]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[19]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[20]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[21]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[22]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[23]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[24]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[25]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[26]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[27]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[28]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[29]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[30]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[31]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[32]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[33]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[34]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[35]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[36]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[37]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

[38]

In all cases in which the practice-course is given in the same session with the lecture-course, such practice-course is part of the requirement
for the degree, and has not been especially recorded.

EXPENSES OF REGULAR STUDENTS.

The average annual expenses of a student who pursues the regular
course in Engineering will be:

             
Outside
Students 
Virginians 
University Fee  $ 40  $ 20 
Tuition and Laboratory Fees (average)  105  65 
Living Expenses (for nine months)  250  250 
Books and Drawing Materials  20  20 
Incidental Expenses (for nine months)  45  45 
Total for average conditions  $460  $400 

The charges for Tuition are uniform to all students, except that
Virginians are relieved of tuition on courses offered in the College. The
fee for each collegiate class taken will be $25, with the addition of the
prescribed laboratory charges, which are $5 per class for Physics and
$15 for Chemistry. For each class in Analytical Chemistry a special fee
of $50 is charged for tuition, plus $10 for apparatus and supplies. The
fee for each technical lecture-course is $30, for each practice-course in
drawing $15, for each laboratory or practice course in Applied Mechanics,
Engineering, Shop-work, or Field-work $5. These fees include all charges
for laboratory materials; but the student is held further responsible for
breakage.

The Living Expenses include board, lodging, fuel and lights, servant
and laundry; the average is $28 a month, the minimum $20, and a reasonable
maximum $35. Books and Drawing Materials will cost about $80
for the four-year course. Incidental Expenses ought to be kept within
modest bounds; the above estimate is sufficient; large allowances of pocket
money promote idleness and attract companions of the baser sort. No
allowances are made for clothing or travel, the expenses for which vary
too much to be introduced into any general estimate.

The charges payable on entrance are the University fee, the contingent
deposit and the tuition and laboratory fees. The student will need at entrance


27

Page 27
about $200 to cover these dues, the cost of books and instruments,
and one month's living expenses.

EXAMINATIONS AND REPORTS.

Oral examinations are held at the beginning of each lecture hour on
the topics of the preceding lecture. Written test papers are set monthly,
or at such interval as the professor may appoint. Absences from lecture
except by reason of sickness are not excused without a written leave
from the Dean. Class standing is determined on the basis of the oral
examinations and the written tests. Absence from the latter or failure to
answer incurs a zero grade. Absences from laboratory periods, however
caused, must be made up by special private arrangement with the instructor.

Written examinations are held at the end of each term on the entire
work of that term. The result of the examination combined with the
student's class-standing gives his term-grade. The pass-mark is seventy-five
per cent. Absence from the written term examination incurs a zero
term-grade, which may not be removed except by the passage of a special
written examination on the work of that term. Such special examinations
are granted only upon presentation of a written certificate from a reputable
physician that the student by reason of sickness on the day of the
regular examination was unable to attend.

Regular Reports are sent out at the end of every term to the student's
parent or guardian. These state for each course followed the term-grade
and the number of absences. Further comment may be added by the Dean
or the professor, if it appears probable that such comment would be helpful
to the student. Parents are urged to examine these reports carefully, and
to exert such parental influence as may seem needed to establish and confirm
the student in habits of industry and order.

Special Reports are sent to parents at the end of each month for
students delinquent in attendance or studiousness and for delinquents
only. When a student is making steady progress and showing due diligence
in his work only the regular reports are sent. The receipt of a
special report is evidence that, in the judgment of the Faculty, prompt
and pointed parental admonition is urgently needed.

Re-examinations are held during registration week in September.
To these re-examinations the Faculty will admit, on the recommendation
of his professor, any student of the previous session who in any course
fell below the pass-mark of seventy-five per cent., but made at least
sixty-five per cent. at the regular examination. For every such re-examination
the student must pay to the Bursar on or before July 15th a fee
of $5, which fee is in no case returnable. The student who fails in any
course and does not make up his deficiency on re-examination will be
required to register anew for that course and attend the lectures and
pass the regular examination, unless relieved by special vote of the Faculty.
The Dean will send to every student eligible for re-examination a programme
of the dates of the September examinations.


28

Page 28

If in any class in the Department of Engineering a student fails
to make satisfactory progress, he is first admonished by the professor
in charge. In default of prompt and permanent improvement he is next
formally warned by the Dean. If due amendment is then not immediately
effected, the student's name is dropped from the rolls of the Department,
on the ground that he is not accomplishing the purposes for which he
should have entered upon a University course of study.

REGULATIONS.

The following regulations, adopted to define the policy of the Faculty,
are published for the information and guidance of the Students:

1. Practice-courses as well as lecture-courses must be conducted under
the Honor System. The student who submits any work to be graded is
considered to submit it under pledge.

2. When the lecture-course and the associated practice-course are
given in the same term of the same year, no student will be admitted to
examination on the lecture-course until he has completed at least three-fourths
of the practice-course.

3. No student will be admitted to any practice-course unless he is
at the same time pursuing the associated lecture-course, or has already
received credit for the same.

4. No student will be admitted to the graduating examination on a
lecture-course unless he has been present at more than half the lectures
in that course.

5. In the technical courses in Engineering (i. e., courses not given
in the College) term-grades shall not be averaged; except that the term-grades
for Freshman Drawing (600-601-700) may be averaged for first-year
men only, provided no mark is below 65.

6. The pass-mark in every course is 75. If a student's term-grade
in any course is less than 75, but more than 65, he may be admitted by
the Faculty to re-examination at the beginning of the next session, provided
he has completed all the associated practical work of the course.

7. No student who fails to make 75 on re-examination shall be
granted another examination on the course until he has again attended
lectures on that course.

8. Special examinations are not given except by reason of sickness
on the day of examination, attested by the written certificate of a reputable
physician, or for other like providential causes. In every case they
must be validated by special vote of the Faculty.

9. A student whose term-grades average less than 40 for all the
courses in which he is registered shall be at once dropped from the rolls.
If his average is above 40 with no mark above 65, he is placed on probation.

10. A student on probation, who in the next term makes less than
65 on each and all his courses, shall be at once dropped from the rolls.


29

Page 29

SPECIAL COURSE IN HIGHWAY ENGINEERING.

In recognition of the growing interest in Good Roads in Virginia
and the immense social and economic importance of the construction of
such roads in all parts of the commonwealth, the Faculty of the Department
of Engineering has rearranged the courses of instruction in this topic
and brought them together into the Winter Term, so as to form a Special
Course in Highway Engineering.

To render this work accessible to as many young Virginians as possible,
the University offers a limited number of free scholarships to adequately
prepared students, citizens of Virginia, who shall be nominated
by the Boards of Supervisors of their respective counties. Such students
pay only a $5 fee for the use of field instruments and laboratory equipment.
To others the fee for this special course is $50. The following
summary gives the content of the course:

Lecture-Courses.

       
703.  Roads and Streets. [Newcomb. 9, Th. F. S. 
700.  Plane Surveying. [Newcomb. 11, T. Th. S. 
605.  Structural Design. [Thornton. 11, M. W. F. 
—.  Public lectures by visiting experts.  — 

Practice-Courses.

       
753.  Road Materials Laboratory. [Newcomb, Edgar and Assistants.
750.  Field Surveying. [Newcomb and Assistants.
652.  Topographical Drawing. [Hancock and Assistants. 12-2, M. W. F. 
655.  Structural Drawing. [Thornton and Assistants. 12-2, T. Th. S. 

Equipment.

Apparatus for testing non-bituminous road materials (page 245).

Apparatus for testing bituminous road materials (page 246).

Field instruments: transits, levels, plane tables and so on (page 245).

Drafting rooms: desks and instruments (page 243).

Full details are given in the sections of this catalogue indicated by
page and number as above.

Applications for scholarships, accompanied by the required credentials,
should be addressed to the Dean of the Department of Engineering.

ADVANCED STANDING.

Under the elective system of the University of Virginia a student
who has completed courses of college or university grade in other institutions
of learning on mathematical or scientific subjects may be excused
from attendance upon these courses by the Dean, with the advice and


30

Page 30
consent of the professors in charge, and will then be registered for the
more advanced work.

In order to secure College Credit upon such courses toward a degree
in Engineering from this University the applicant must show—

1. That the courses offered are coextensive with the corresponding
courses as given in the University of Virginia.

2. That his examination grades on them were not less than the seventy-five
per cent. pass-mark of this University.

Such credits may be granted by the Faculty upon the recommendation
of the Dean and the professors in charge; but are automatically revoked
by the failure of the student to pass in the more advanced courses in the
related topics.

The same rules apply to Credits on Summer School Courses; except
that for courses in the Summer School of this University the examination
questions must be prepared by the professor in charge of the regular course
and the answers must be read and graded by him.

Credits on Practice-Courses in Drawing, Shop-work, or Field-work
may be granted to applicants who have gained in professional practice the
training which these courses represent. Such applicants must file with the
Dean proper certificates from the official under whom the work was done
and must in addition pass a practical test on the subjects for which credit
is desired.

DRAFTING ROOMS AND SHOPS.

The drafting rooms are abundantly lighted and are provided with
solidly constructed tables with locked drawers for instruments and materials.
Each student is assigned to a table and has a drawer for his exclusive
use. The regular Drawing Classes execute each one plate a week
under the supervision of the Instructors in Drawing. The more advanced
students have such additional drawings assigned by their respective professors
as are needed for the full development of the courses of study.

Careful attention is given to the training of the students in free-hand
lettering, in the conventional signs of mechanical drawing, in the proper
lay-out of drawings, and in neat and accurate execution. Exercises are
required also in tracing and in blue-printing, the rooms for which are
conveniently arranged and in close contiguity to the drafting rooms. While,
however, technical dexterity is demanded, the graphical method is taught
and used primarily as an indispensable instrument of research, the thoughtful
mastery of which is essential for the instructed Engineer.

The construction and theory of the Polar Planimeter, the Slide Rule,
and the Pantograph are carefully taught, and the student is trained in the
practical use of these appliances for the rapid and accurate production of
estimates and copies from finished drawings.


31

Page 31

The Shop Equipment is throughout of the best quality, the machines
being all from good makers and of sizes ample for the purpose of instruction.
A full outfit of hand tools is maintained at all times. Each shop is
equipped for the instruction of a squad of sixteen students, this being as
large a number as one instructor can properly direct at once.

The Machine Shop is provided with six first-class engine lathes, illustrating
the practice of the best American makers; with a planer, a shaper, two
drill presses, a universal milling machine (Brown & Sharpe), and a universal
grinder (same makers); also with a gas forge for tempering tools, a
cut-off saw for metal rods, an emery wheel, grindstone, and so on.

The Wood Shop is furnished with five small lathes, a large pattern
maker's lathe, a jointer, a planer, a saw bench for slitting and cross-cutting,
a band-saw, a jig-saw, and a wood trimmer for pattern making, six cabinet
maker's benches, and an ample supply of the familiar hand tools.

The Foundry has a cupola furnace for working cast iron, a brass furnace,
a core oven, and all needful accessories for moulding and casting;
the blast for the cupola is furnished by a special blower, driven by a small
high-speed steam engine.

The Forge Room is equipped with Buffalo down-draft forges; and the
necessary smith's tools; the draft is furnished by an engine-driven blower,
and the exhaust is operated by a fan driven also by the engine.

THE MECHANICAL LABORATORIES.

Strength of Materials Laboratory.—The Sinclair Laboratory for work
in materials testing was founded on the original donation of Mrs. John Sinclair,
of New York City, as a memorial to her late husband. The collection
has since been considerably enlarged. It contains a Riehle 100,000-lb.
machine, arranged for tensile, compressive, and transverse tests, and with
an attachment for taking autographic diagrams; an Olsen 100,000-lb. machine;
an Olsen torsion machine of 50,000-inch-pounds capacity; a Ewing
machine for finding the modulus of elasticity of various materials; hand
machines for testing rods and wires under pull, and small specimens of
timber and cast iron under transverse loads. It is also equipped with
accessory measuring instruments, which include a Riehle extensometer; an
Olsen compressometer; and a Ewing optical extensometer of great delicacy.

Hydraulics Laboratory.—The laboratory equipment for work in
hydraulics comprises a steel tank for weir experiments with interchangeable
bronze notches; a hook gauge for measurement of surface levels; a
stand-pipe provided with a set of standard bronze orifices for experiments
on efflux; commercial pipe and elbows arranged for determining friction
losses; and the necessary scales, tanks, manometers, etc. It also includes a
pump which is piped to circulate water from a cement cistern to a tank
in the attic of the building.


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Cement Laboratory.—This laboratory is completely equipped for
making the standard cement tests. It contains a Fairbanks tensile tester of
1,000 lbs. capacity; an Olsen steaming oven for accelerated tests; an Olsen
drying oven with automatic temperature regulation; moist air closets; and
all the required small apparatus.

Oil Testing Laboratory.—This laboratory contains an Olsen-Cornell
Oil Tester for determining the relative performance of various oils under
conditions of practical use. It is equipped with the smaller apparatus such
as flash and chill point testers, hydrometers, a viscosimeter, etc., necessary
to the determination of the physical properties of lubricants.

Steam Laboratory.—The steam laboratory is located in a large and
well lighted room in the basement of the Mechanical Laboratory. Its
equipment is designed to illustrate the theory involved in Mechanical Engi-neehing,
to give practical instruction in the handling of machinery, and to
teach the fundamental methods of experimental work. It contains a Ball
high-speed engine; a De Laval turbine with condensing and non-condensing
nozzles, which is direct connected to a 25 kw. alternating current generator;
an Otto gasoline engine with a special piston for alcohol; a Wheeler
surface condenser to which the exhaust from any of the steam units may
be connected; a steam pump; steam traps, etc.

For boiler tests, the boilers of the University Heating and Lighting
Plant are used.

The instrument room contains the necessary apparatus for carrying
out complete tests. Among this may be mentioned several indicators, thermometers,
gauges, planimeters, with standards for their correction and
calibration; an Orsat apparatus; separating and throttling calorimeters, etc.

FIELD AND LABORATORY WORK IN CIVIL ENGINEERING.

The outfit of Field Instruments contains compasses, transits, and levels
of various approved makes; a solar transit, furnished also with stadia wires
and gradienter for tachymetric work; hand-levels and clinometers for field
topography; plane tables; a sextant; together with an adequate supply of
leveling rods, telemeter rods, signal poles, chains, tapes, pins, and so on.
For hydraulic surveys a hook gauge and a current meter are provided. All
students are instructed in the theory and adjustments of the field instruments
and in their practical use in the field. They are also required to make
up their field-books in standard forms; to reduce their surveys and execute
all the necessary profiles, plans, and maps; and to determine lengths, areas,
and volumes both from the maps and from the original notes. Polar planimeters
are provided for facilitating such estimates and a pantograph for
making reduced copies of finished drawings.

The apparatus for tests of Non-bituminous Road Materials includes a
two-cylinder Deval abrasion machine, a ball mill, a moulding press for
briquettes of rock dust, a Page impact cementation tester, a Page impact
toughness tester, a rock crusher and a Purdue brick rattler. This outfit


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the University owes to the generous aid of Dr. Logan Waller Page. In
addition, the Department has acquired a 40,000-pound compression tester,
a diamond core drill, a diamond rock saw, a grinding lap, a Westphal balance,
specific gravity apparatus, and a complete set of sieves. Useful
researches in the road-building rocks and gravels of Virginia, as well as
the standard tests, are conducted each year by the class in Civil Engineering.

Provision has also been made of apparatus for tests of Bituminous
Road Materials.
This includes the New York Testing Laboratory penetrometer,
the Kirschbaum ductility machine, the Engler viscosimeter, the
asphalt viscosimeter, the New York Testing Laboratory extractor, the New
York State Board of Health oil tester, Hubbard pyknometers, asphalt flow
plates, gas and electric hot plates, and all the accessory apparatus needed
for research on bituminous road-binders.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY.

The Scott Laboratory of Electrical Engineering.—This laboratory was
initially equipped and endowed by Mrs. Frances Branch Scott, of Richmond,
Va., as a memorial to her late son, an alumnus of this university.
During the year 1910 the equipment was substantially increased through
the generosity of the Hon. Charles R. Crane, of Chicago, Ill., a friend of
the university. During 1912, still further substantial additions were made,
consisting of measuring instruments, auxiliary control apparatus, and more
particularly a steam-turbine driven three-phase alternating current generator
with exciter and control switchboard.

In addition to full sets of electric meters with the appliances for testing
and calibrating them, galvanometers of the best modern types, standard
cells and resistances, standard condensers, and other pieces of apparatus for
minor tests, it contains numerous pieces of the very best construction.
Such are the Wolff Potentiometer, the Siemens and Halske Thomson
Double Bridge, the Koepsel Permeameter, the Duddell Double Projection
Oscillograph, the Station Photometer with Lummer-Brodhun screen, the
Carey-Foster Bridge and others. For the work in machine testing there
are a number of direct current generators and motors, series, shunt and
compound, an interpole motor, a double current generator, a two-phase
alternator, a General Electric experimental test set for alternating current,
comprising a generator furnishing single, two, three, six or twelve-phase
current, and, in addition, offering three types of induction motors with all
necessary starting and controlling devices, a single-phase repulsion motor,
a two-phase induction motor, two three-phase induction motors, several
pairs of constant voltage transformers, a constant current transformer,
frequency meters, power factor indicator, synchronism indicator, ground
detector and the auxiliary apparatus used in testing these machines. The
laboratory has been arranged with a system of universal plug and receptacle
connections to facilitate the setting up of all experimental combinations.

The laboratory work is carried on by the students in squads or groups


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of two or three and is so arranged that each student will become familiar
with all the details and connections of each particular test. A most
important feature of the laboratory instruction is the required preparation
of a preliminary report on each experiment before the actual test is carried
out. These preliminary reports are written up in the classroom at assigned
hours and consist of a complete résumé of the test under discussion. The
object, the theory, the scheme of connections necessary, the choice of
measuring instruments and all auxiliary devices needful for the proper performance
of the experiment are here worked out and this preliminary
report is handed in for correction or approval. After approval, the test is
assigned for a definite laboratory hour and the work is then carried through.
A final report is then handed in consisting of the preliminary and the
additional data in tabulated and in graphical form. Such a final report
comprises a complete text on any given experiment and will prove of great
value in later work in commercial fields. It is recognized that the outlined
method for laboratory work is of the greatest benefit to the student
inasmuch as it requires a thorough understanding of each given test, and
at the same time inculcates habits of self-reliance and a spirit of originality
which can not prove to be other than beneficial in the later work when the
engineer must rely to a great extent upon his own ingenuity.

BUILDINGS.

The buildings devoted wholly or in part to the work of the Department
of Engineering are the following:

The Mechanical Laboratory is the main seat of the instruction in technical
studies. It is 180 by 70 feet and contains on the main floor the Dean's
office and the offices of the other professors; the main lecture-room;
the laboratory of electrical engineering; and the drafting-room for the First
and Second-Year students. Above are a smaller drafting-room for
advanced students, and blue-print and photographic rooms. Below on the
ground floor are another classroom, the testing laboratories, the wood shop,
the metal shop, apparatus and storerooms, the toolroom, and the students'
lavatory.

The Power House is a single-story building 110 by 40 feet. In addition
to the university boiler plant and the electric lighting plant, this contains
the foundry and the forge-room. The boiler plant consists of two horizontal
return-tubular boilers, each of 140 horse-power. The lighting plant consists
of three electric generators directly connected to high-speed engines,
the respective capacities being 25, 50, and 75 kilowatts. The whole plant is
available for purposes of instruction, study and experiment.

The Laboratory of General Chemistry, situated at the southern end of
West Range, is one of the older buildings recently remodeled and fited up
for the work of instruction in undergraduate chemistry. It is furnished
with all the necessary apparatus and supplies, and is comfortably heated
and lighted. The engineering students, who are taught in a separate section,
have three hours in lecture each week and six hours in the laboratory.


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The work is specially adapted to their needs. The room used for work in
Organic Chemistry is at the northern end of West Range.

The Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry is 150 by 60 feet. It is a
single-story building, containing the lecture-rooms, the laboratory of
analytical chemistry, the rooms for assaying, the balance-rooms, the offices
and private laboratories of the professor of Industrial and Analytical Chemistry,
and a number of storerooms. These contain not only the usual laboratory
supplies, but an extensive collection of specimens, illustrating very
completely the processes and products of industrial chemistry, and of especial
interest to engineering students.

The Geological Museum is 120 by 50 feet. It is a three-story building.
The main floor is devoted to the very extensive geological collection of
specimens, charts, relief maps, and so on. The gallery above contains an
equally good collection of minerals and numerous models of typical crystallographic
forms. The upper floor contains the lecture-rooms and the
laboratories of Economic Geology. In the basement are stored subsidiary
collections and new material accumulated in more recent geological surveys.

The Physical Laboratory faces the Mechanical Laboratory on the opposite
side of the quadrangle, and has almost the same proportions. The
main floor contains the lecture-room, the professors' offices, the laboratory
of experimental physics, and the storeroom for the very large collection of
apparatus used in the lectures. On the ground floor is the laboratory of
theoretical electricity, the storage battery room, a well-equipped shop for
the repair and manufacture of apparatus, and numerous smaller rooms for
the work of graduate students.