The North and the South : a statistical view of the condition of the free and slave states |
I. |
II. |
III. |
IV. |
NEW ENGLAND, SOUTH CAROLINA, AND VIRGINIA. |
V. |
VI. |
VII. |
VIII. |
IX. |
X. |
XI. |
XII. |
XIII. |
CHAPTER IV. The North and the South : | ||
NEW ENGLAND, SOUTH CAROLINA, AND VIRGINIA.
Comparisons between portions of the North and the South
can be made to any extent. A few are added, with such suggestions
as seem proper.
Table XIV. is a comparison between the States of Rhode
Island and Connecticut, and an equal extent of cultivated lands
in certain counties of South Carolina. The table includes the
city of Charleston. The comparison extends to the value of
lands, population, value of agricultural and manufactured products,
commerce, and education. The value of lands in the
South Carolina counties is the fictitious one of De Bow's Compendium,
and not the real one of the State valuation.
The portions compared in Table XIV. are of equal age as well
as extent. The free portion has eleven times the white population;
nearly four times the total population of white and slave.
Its lands are worth six times as much, and twice as much after
States. | Acres of Improved Land in 1850. |
Acres of Unimproved Land in 1850. |
Cash Value of Farms in 1850. |
Cash Value of Farms per acre, 1850. |
White Population in 1850. |
Slaves in 1850. | Value of Slaves per acre, at $400 each. |
Value of Slaves at $400 each. |
Value of Agricultural Products in 1850, according to De Bow. |
Value of Manufactures in 1850. |
Tonnage owned June 30, 1855. |
Tonnage built during the year ending June 30, 1855. |
Students in Colleges, Academies, and Private Schools, 1850. |
Scholars in Public Schools, 1850. |
Connecticut | 1,768,178 | 615,701 | $74,618,963 | $31.34 | 363,099 | $8,636,789 | $45,302,354 | 137,170 | 14,067 | 7,734 | 71,269 | |||
Rhode Island | 356,487 | 197,451 | 17,568,003 | 31.55 | 143,875 | 1,633,974 | 22,119,753 | 51,038 | 7,862 | 1,884 | 23,130 | |||
Total | 2,124,665 | 813,151 | $92,186,966 | $31.37 | 506,974 | $10,270,763 | $67,422,107 | 188,808 | 21,929 | 9,618 | 94,399 | |||
Counties in South Carolina of area equal to Rhode Island & Connecticut. |
||||||||||||||
Charleston | 183,236 | 636,495 | $5,903,220 | $7.20 | 25,208 | 54,775 | $26.85 | $21,910,000 | $896,904 | $2,767,760 | 56,419 | 61 | 3.082 | 1,196 |
Georgetown | 49,609 | 318,514 | 5,704,920 | 15.49 | 2,193 | 18,253 | 19.83 | 7,301,200 | 1,104,685 | 68,519 | 4,516 | 281 | 170 | |
Williamsburg | 70,360 | 432,440 | 861,538 | 1.71 | 3,902 | 8,508 | 6.11 | 3,403,200 | 223,740 | 12,825 | none. | 378 | ||
Horry | 33,664 | 472,971 | 385,840 | .76 | 5,522 | 2,075 | 1.63 | 830,000 | 160,640 | 154,684 | none. | 488 | ||
Marion | 124,306 | 652,342 | 2,680,544 | 3.45 | 9,781 | 7,520 | 3.87 | 3,008,000 | 377,826 | 40,624 | 50 | 350 | ||
Total | 461,175 | 2,512,762 | $15,536,062 | $5.19 | 46,606 | 91,131 | $12.17 | $36,452,400 | $2,763,795 | $3,044,412 | 60,935 | 61 | 3,413 | 2,582 |
adding to the value of the lands the whole value of the slaves in
this most intensely slave portion of the Union, at the rate of $400
for each slave. The value of the agricultural products of Connecticut
and Rhode Island is four times as great as that of those
of this portion of Carolina, although the latter has the monopoly
almost of the rice-producing region. Of the value of the
Carolina products, one-third is cotton; and here is the place to
say, that it is owing to the invention of a Massachusetts man
that the South is able to raise its cotton at all at this time. If
the South had been obliged to clean cotton by hand, at the rate
of a pound a day for each slave, as before the invention of
Whitney, the whole cotton-producing region would have been
bankrupt. The treatment which the Northern inventor received
at the hands of those Southrons, whose fortunes he had made,
is a sad portion of history. Before his patent was obtained, a
mob of the chivalry (who despise so heartily and magnificently
a money-making, peddling Yankee) broke open the building in
which his machine was placed, carried off the machine, and
made others from it; and, before he could go through the formalities
of getting his patent, several machines were in successful
operation on the plantations of different gentlemen. In the
Georgia courts, Whitney's rights were decided against, on the
ground mainly that, as "the introduction of the gin would open
up boundless resources of wealth to the planters, it was too
great a power to allow any one man a monopoly of the right to
furnish the machines." South Carolina agreed to pay $50,000
for the invention, paid $20,000 down, then repudiated the contract,
sued Whitney and his partner for the money paid, and
cast the latter into prison. Afterwards, this action was reversed
and the contract fulfilled. The action of Tennessee was similar
to that of South Carolina, without the repentance. North
Carolina did better, and was faithful to its contract. After
years of litigation, Whitney got a decision in his favor in the
United States Court; but meantime his patent was nearly out,
and his application for a renewal was denied by the votes of
those whose fortunes he had made. In Georgia, in the courts,
evidence, before the rapacity of the planters. "In one instance,"
says Whitney, "I had great difficulty in proving
that the machine had been used in Georgia, although at the
same moment there were three separate sets of this machinery
in motion within fifty yards of the building in which the court
sat, and all so near that the rattling of the wheels was distinctly
heard on the steps of the court-house."
To return to table XIV. In manufactures, the North has
more than twenty times; in tonnage owned in 1855, three
times; and in tonnage built in the same year, three hundred
and fifty times as much as the South. The "tonnage built"
in 1855, in South Carolina, consisted of one schooner of sixty-one
tons burden. This is since the sitting of several Southern
conventions, in which they resolved to have an extensive commerce
of their own, not only with Europe, but with Brazil and
Central America. As to education, the New England figures
are twenty times as large as those of Carolina.
Table XV. is a comparison between Massachusetts and an
equal extent of territory in Virginia. The portion of Virginia
taken is the southeastern, from the Atlantic to the mountains.
It includes Norfolk, the commercial capital of Virginia, and the
land taken is naturally as good as that of other parts of the
State, and much better than the lands in Massachusetts. The
age of the two sections is about the same. As compared with
Virginia, the white population in Massachusetts is ten times as
great, and five times as great as its total white and slave. Her
lands are worth nearly six times as much per acre, and almost
twice as much as the lands and slaves of the Virginia counties
added together, although they constitute the most dense slave
section of the State (the slaves being worth twice as much as
the lands and buildings). The agricultural products of Massachusetts,
at De Bow's prices, are nearly double those of the
Virginia counties, while her manufacturing products are more
than forty times as great, and eight times as much in a single year
as the whole value of this great portion of Virginia, including
Counties in Virginia of area equal to the State of Massachusetts |
Acres of Improved Land in 1850. |
Acres of Unimproved Land in 1850. |
Cash value of Farms in 1850. |
Cash Value of Farms per acre in 1850. |
White Population in 1850. |
Slaves in 1850. | Value of Slaves per Acre at $400 per Slave. |
Value of Slaves at $400 per Slave. |
Value of Agricultural Products in 1850, according to De Bow. |
Value of Manufactures, 1850. |
Tonnage Owned June 30, 1855. |
Amount of Tonnage Built in 1855. |
Pupils in Colleges, Academies, and Private Schools, 1850. |
Scholars in the Public Schools in 1850. |
Patrick | 38,192 | 184,034 | $734,771 | $3.31 | 7,187 | 2,324 | $4.18 | $929,600 | $246,326 | $140,172 | none. | 826 | ||
Henry | 61,539 | 96,409 | 820,070 | 5.19 | 5,324 | 3,340 | 8.45 | 1,336,000 | 258,525 | 99,956 | none. | 1,391 | ||
Pittsylvania | 210,580 | 300,295 | 2,850,908 | 5.58 | 15,263 | 12,798 | 10.02 | 5,119,200 | 925,141 | 878,660 | 142 | 667 | ||
Halifax | 242,758 | 202,291 | 3,420,990 | 7.68 | 10,976 | 14,452 | 12.98 | 5,780,800 | 1,128,810 | 287,666 | none. | 288 | ||
Mecklenburg | 215,646 | 179,183 | 2,535,628 | 5.12 | 7,256 | 12,462 | 10.07 | 4,984,800 | 831,248 | 226,654 | 239 | 574 | ||
Brunswick | 177,196 | 117,702 | 1,097,948 | 3.68 | 4,885 | 8,456 | 11.46 | 3,382,400 | 524,157 | 44,941 | 86 | 186 | ||
Greenville | 74,906 | 82,066 | 427,173 | 2.72 | 1,731 | 3,785 | 9.64 | 1,514,000 | 198,836 | 17,641 | 30 | 95 | ||
Sussex | 91,408 | 98,677 | 600,096 | 3.15 | 3,086 | 5,992 | 12.60 | 2,396,800 | 328,892 | 80,133 | 14 | 235 | ||
Southampton | 159,668 | 176,023 | 1,068,103 | 3.28 | 5,940 | 5,755 | 7.06 | 2,302,000 | 456,902 | 36,600 | 68 | 288 | ||
Nansemond | 62,308 | 117,968 | 1,717,090 | 9.52 | 5,424 | 4,715 | 10.46 | 1,886,000 | 355,055 | 168,751 | 174 | 298 | ||
Norfolk | 89,014 | 75,866 | 1,252,031 | 10.89 | 20,329 | 10,400 | 36.21 | 4,160,000 | 297,209 | 1,412,594 | 35,051 | 2,171 | 363 | 1,926 |
Princess Anne | 50,064 | 63,175 | 1,110,673 | 8.67 | 4,280 | 3,130 | 11.05 | 1,252,000 | 257,835 | 33,337 | none. | 819 | ||
Isle of Wight | 65,925 | 92,901 | 982,939 | 6.18 | 4,710 | 3,395 | 8.55 | 1,358,000 | 257,046 | 58,432 | 56 | 149 | ||
Surry | 44,298 | 65,466 | 562,052 | 5.12 | 2,215 | 2,479 | 8.95 | 991,600 | 158,347 | 19,348 | 30 | 150 | ||
Total | 1,533,502 | 1,852,056 | $19,080,472 | $5.64 | 98,606 | 93,483 | $11.04 | $37,393,200 | $6,224,329 | $3,504,885 | 35,051 | 2,171 | 1,202 | 7,892 |
Massachusetts | 2,133,436 | 1,222,576 | $109,076,347 | $32.50 | 985,450 | $11,003,887 | $151,342,478 | 970,727 | 79,620 | 14,479 | 176,475 |
its commercial capital. Tonnage owned, Massachusetts twenty-eight
parts, Virginia one part; tonnage built in 1855, Massachusetts
thirty-seven parts, Virginia one part. Education,
scholars, Massachusetts twenty-one parts, Virginia one part.
Population, Crops, &c. | Plymouth County, Mass. |
James City County, Va. |
Norfolk County, Mass. |
Westmoreland County, Va. |
Whites | 55,241 | 1,489 | 78,643 | 3,376 |
Free Colored | 456 | 663 | 249 | 1,147 |
Slaves | 1,868 | 3,557 | ||
Total | 55,697 | 4,020 | 78,892 | 8,080 |
Dwellings | 9,506 | 396 | 12,545 | 869 |
Whites between the ages of 5 and 20 | 17,342 | 540 | 23,460 | 1,330 |
Pupils in public & private schools | 11,249 | 315 | 18,252 | 367 |
Natives unable to read and write, over 20 years of age | 50 | 52 | 64 | 398 |
Number of Farms | 2,447 | 129 | 2,637 | 443 |
Acres of Improved Land | 101,135 | 21,251 | 107,884 | 68,627 |
Acres of Unimproved Land | 114,254 | 44,132 | 67,444 | 6,450 |
Value of Farms | $6,048,442 | $561,931 | $13,748,505 | $1,132,197 |
Value of Farms per acre | $28.08 | $8.59 | $78.41 | $8.70 |
Number of Horses and Mules | 2,458 | 534 | 3,311 | 1,101 |
" " Neat Cattle | 11,855 | 2,365 | 12,656 | 6,225 |
" " Sheep | 5,384 | 1,217 | 580 | 3,676 |
" " Swine | 4,574 | 4,009 | 8,209 | 8,237 |
Wheat, bushels | 251 | 25,476 | 356 | 82,774 |
Rye, " | 17,143 | 17,423 | 502 | |
Oats, " | 26,809 | 22,040 | 14,939 | 7,897 |
Indian Corn, bushels | 105,243 | 102,430 | 112.132 | 269,115 |
Irish Potatoes, " | 208,402 | 2,789 | 253,158 | 4,970 |
Sweet Potatoes, " | 5,730 | 6,176 | ||
Peas and Beans, " | 871 | 300 | 3,952 | 1,350 |
Barley, " | 3,267 | 5,462 | ||
Buckwheat, " | 239 | 454 | ||
Butter, pounds | 374,816 | 17,785 | 347,089 | 28,437 |
Cheese, " | 130,478 | 90,160 | ||
Hay, tons | 28,532 | 8 | 41,588 | 32 |
Hops, pounds | 12 | 81 | 129 | |
Clover Seed, bushels | 152 | |||
Other Grass Seed, bushels | ||||
Tobacco, pounds | 1,346 | |||
Cotton, bales | 7 | |||
Wool, pounds | 16,643 | 2,197 | 879 | 8,603 |
Beeswax and Honey, pounds | 3,352 | 1,047 | 3,700 | |
Value of Animals slaughtered | $176,102 | $14,339 | $289,809 | $41,740 |
Value of Produce of Market Gard's | $13,502 | $365 | $136,796 | $26 |
" " Orchard Products | $19,205 | $55,458 | $512 | |
Wine, gallons | 21 | 91 | 2 | |
Manufacturing Capital | $2,397,305 | none. | $5,433,300 | $3,330 |
Number of Hands | 8,024 | none. | 15,628 | 19 |
Annual Product | $6,713,906 | none. | $13,323,595 | $16,300 |
Value of Domestic Manufactures. | $953 | $544 | $25,702 | $7,843 |
Table XVI. is a comparison between the counties of Norfolk
and Plymouth in Massachusetts, and the counties of Westmoreland
and James City in Virginia, as to population, education,
agriculture, etc.
James City Co. is the county in which are situated Jamestown,
the Plymouth of Virginia, and William and Mary's
College, the rival in age of Harvard University. Jamestown
now contains two houses, and of William and Mary's College
it is said that it seldom has more than forty students (the
Census Compendium gives it thirty-five in 1850). Westmoreland
Co. is the native county of Washington. Of the Massachusetts
counties, Norfolk is the county of the Adamses, and
Plymouth that of the Pilgrim settlement.
CHAPTER IV. The North and the South : | ||