 | Catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia |  |
REGULATIONS, & c.
MATRICULATION.
To be admitted into the University, the student must be sixteen years of
age; but the Faculty are authorized to dispense with this requisition in the
case of application for admission by two brothers, one of whom is under the
age of sixteen.
If the applicant for admission has been a student at any other incorporated
seminary, he cannot be received, but on producing a certificate from such seminary,
or other satisfactory evidence to the Faculty, with respect to his general
good conduct.
Every student is free to attend the schools of his choice, and no other than
he chooses; provided, that if under the age of twenty-one, he shall attend
at least three professors, unless he has the written authority of his parent
or guardian, or the Faculty shall for good cause shown allow him to attend
less than three. The qualifications of the student to enter the schools of
Ancient Languages, Mathematics, and Natural Philosophy, are tested by
previous examinations.
Before a student matriculates, he is furnished with a copy of the laws,
which he is required to read. On matriculating, he signs a written declaration,
that he will conform to those laws, and, if he be a resident student,
that he has deposited with the Patron all the funds in his possession.
COURSE OF INSTRUCTION.
In each school, there are three regular lectures a week; besides which,
there are in most of them extra lectures suited to the several classes into
which the school is divided. The mode of instruction is by text-books and
lectures, accompanied by rigid examinations. The course pursued in each
school, is as follows:
I. ANCIENT LANGUAGES.
Professor Harrison.—In this School are taught the Latin and Greek
languages; the Greek and Roman History, Geography, and Literature; and
the Hebrew language. The instruction is given partly by lectures and examinations,
and partly by comments on portions of the text-books appointed
to be read by the student. It embraces the following subjects, distributed
according to the classes.
I. Junior Latin.—1. General principles and doctrines of the Etymology.
2. The application of these general principles in the explanation of the
formation and composition of the words of the language, considered individually,
and without regard to their relations to other words in a sentence.
The doctrine of the primary and secondary significations of words in considered
in connection with this branch of the subject, and is illustrated in
the lectures from day to day as occasion may offer.
3. The accidence, or inflectional forms of words, expressing the relations
in which they stand to other words in a sentence. These modifications of
the forms of words are in like manner explained by the application of the
general principles of the etymology.
4. The Syntax, or laws which govern the relations existing between the
several parts of a sentence or discourse, whether indicated by the inflections
of words, or by particles. This subject is treated of partly in lectures specially
devoted to it, partly by way of prelections and comment on the portions
of authors read in the lecture room, and partly in connection with the
written exercises.
For the above subjects the text books are the professor's printed notes,
Beck's Latin Syntax, containing the most important parts of the Syntax of
Zumpt's Latin Grammar.
5. The doctrine of the quantity of syllables, and the metres. The students
are advised to use Carey's Latin Prosody, or Anthon's Prosody, which
contains what is most useful in Carey's.
6. The Latin authors used as text books are Horace, Virgil, Cicero's Orations,
and his Epistles ad Diversos, Terence, and Cæsar's Commentaries.
The last chiefly with a view to the written exercises.
II. Senior Latin.—1. Prelections and commentaries on portions of the
classic authors, embracing, besides the other matters necessary for the better
understanding of these, a further developement of the doctrines of philology
taught in the Junior Class.
The text books are Horace, Juvenal, Livy, and Tacitus.
2. Geography of Ancient Italy.—The professor's printed notes form the
text book. The maps of ancient and modern Italy, published by the "Society
for the diffusion of useful knowledge," are recommended.
3. Roman History. This subject is taught by prelections, and by examinations
on the text books. These are the History of Rome published by
the "Society for the diffusion of useful knowledge," Niebuhr's History of
Rome, Ferguson's Roman Republic, and Heeren's Manual.
III. Junior Greek.—1 The Etymology, considered in its general principles
and in its applications, the Syntax, and the Prosody and metres, are
taught to this class in the same way as to the Junior Latin.
For these subjects Buttmann's larger Greek Grammar is the text book.
Thiersch's Tables of the Greek verb, by Patton, are referred to and recommended.
The Greek authors read and explained in the lecture room, are Xenophon's
Anabasis, Herodotus, and a play of Æschylus or Euripides. The
Greek and English Lexicon of Donnegan is that preferred.
IV. Senior Greek.—1. Prelections and commentaries on portions of the
Greek classic authors, in the same way as in the Senior Latin class, and
embracing the like subjects.
The Greek authors used as text books in this class are Euripides, Sophocles,
Thucydides, and Homer. The student should have Matthiae's Greek
Grammar, 5th edition of the translation.
2. Ancient Geography of Greece. The printed notes of the professor
form the text.
3. Ancient History of Greece. It is taught by prelections, and by examinations
on the text books. These are Thirlwall's History of Greece, Gillies'
Knowledge, and Heeren's Manual.
It is expected of the students of Latin and Greek that they shall read in
their rooms such authors and parts of authors, prescribed by the Professor,
as cannot be read in the lecture room: e. g.: Cicero's Epistles to Atticus, his
Orations (selected,) and Treatise "de Republica;" Sallust, Virgil, Terence,
Plautus: Æschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes, Demosthenes,
Æschines, Thucydides, &c.
As an essential part of the plan of instruction, the students of each class
are required to furnish written exercises; which consist in the conversion of
Latin or Greek into English, and of English into Latin or Greek. The exercises
are examined by the Professor, and the errors marked: they are then
returned to the students, and the corrections stated and explained in the presence
of the class. For these exercises the classic authors are used as the text.
V. Hebrew.—The text books are Biblia Hebraica, Bush's or Nordheimer's
Hebrew Grammar, and Gesenii Lexicon Manuale Hebr. et Chald., or
Sauerwein's edition of Rehkopf's Lex. Hebr. Chald.
II. MODERN LANGUAGES.
Professor Kraitsir.—The subjects taught in this School are:
I. The French, Italian, Spanish, German, and Anglo-Saxon languages
and their literature. In each of these there are two classes. The instruction
is given by lectures, examinations, translations and comments in the
lecture room, and by written exercises out of the lecture room.
II. The Geography, Ethnography, and History of Europe, since the fall
of the Roman empire to the present day.
If desired, there will be taught the other principal dialects of the three
great families of European tongues, namely; 1st, the Roman (or language
of the Troubadours), Portuguese and Valachian; 2d, the Danish, Swedish,
Icelandish, and Hollandish; 3d, the Slavonian, Bohemian, Polish, and
Russian. The Magyar (or Hungarian), differing from all these, can also
be taught.
The text books are the principal classic authors in each language, Wm.
Russell's History of Modern Europe, and Fred. Schlegel's Lectures on the
History of Ancient and Modern Literature.
It is required that two Degrees be obtained in this School, before that of
A. M. will be conferred.
III. MATHEMATICS.
Professor Powers.—In this school there are commonly five classes.
Of these the first junior begins with Arithmetic; but as the student is required
to have some knowledge of this subject when he enters the University,
the lectures of the Professor are limited to the theory, shewing the method
of naming numbers, the different scales of notation, and the derivation
of the several rules of Arithmetic from the primary notion of addition; the
addition namely, of sensible objects one by one. The ideas thus acquired
the gradual development from these elementary truths of the extensive
science of mathematical analysis. Lacroix's Arithmetic is the text book.
In Algebra, the first problems are analized, with and without the use of
letters, to make the student sensible of the advantages of these signs. In
teaching the rules for adding, subtracting, &c., they are compared with the
corresponding rules in Arithmetic, and the agreement or diversity is noticed
and explained. The text book is Lacroix's Algebra.
In Geometry, the first elements are taught, and illustrated by the use of
models.
The second junior class continue to read Lacroix's Algebra, and Legendre's
Geometry. In the latter, they successively acquire—the theorems
of Synthetic Geometry—the theory and practice of Plane and Spherical
Trigonometry, with the application of the latter to Nautical astronomy—the
theory of Projection—and the theory of curved lines and Surfaces. Their
subsequent studies usually embrace a portion of the Differential Calculus.
The senior classes continue the Differential Calculus in lessons taken from
Young and from Bonnycastle's Geometry, concluding the course of Pure
Mathematics with the Integral Calculus, the theory of which is taken from
Young, and the examples from Peacock.
There is, moreover, a class of Mixed Mathematics for such of the more
advanced students as choose to pursue it; which consists of parts of Poisson's
Mechanics, the first book of Laplace's Mechanique Celeste, and of the
applications of the principles there given to various problems.
IV. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
Professor Rogers.—There are two classes in this school, viz:—The
general or Junior, and the Senior class. In the former, the illustrations
are experimental and graphical, with occasional references to the elementary
truths of Geometry and Algebra. In the latter mathematical demonstration
is almost exclusively employed, sometimes involving the use of the
calculus.
The various subjects embraced in this school are treated of in the following
order, viz:
Mechanics, including Statics, Dynamics, Laws of Impulse and Pressure,
and Corpuscular Forces, Strength of Materials, Friction and Machinery;
Astronomy; Hydrodynamics, including Hydrostatics, Hydraulics, Capillary
Attraction, &c.—Pneumatics; Acoustics; Heat, including Meteorology and
the Steam Engine; Electricity and Galvanism; Magnetism; Electro-Magnetism;
Optics.
The text books referred to in the Junior class are Lardner's Mechanics;
Hydrostatics and Pneumatics; Brewster's Optics by Bache; Herschell's
Astronomy; Library of Useful Knowledge, 2 vols. Nat. Philos. The
text books in the Senior class are in addition to those above enumerated,
Young's Analytical Mechanics; Norton's Astronomy; Bache's Appendix
to Brewster's Optics. The student is also referred to a selection of Theorems
in Mechanics, Hydrodynamics, Pneumatics, &c; made by the Professor.
In the senior class the students are examined upon the subjects of lecture
in the Junior class, as well as the Mathematical demonstrations referred to
in their text books and notes.
The Apparatus provided for the school of Natural Philosophy is extensive
and enables the Professor to illustrate every part of his course by experiments
in the presence of his class. An Observatory, with its appropriate
astronomical instruments, is attached to this school.
Geology and Mineralogy form a part of the subjects embraced in this
school. Members of the class of Natural Philosophy are entitled to enter
that of Geology and Mineralogy without additional fee.
In Geology the practical and descriptive portions of the Science are chiefly
dwelt upon, particular reference being made to the Geological features of
our own country.
In Mineralogy only those objects are treated of in detail which are interesting
in an economical point of view, or important in connection with
Geology.
Text books. In Geology—Lyell's Elements, and Bakewell or Dela
Beche. In Mineralogy—Allen's, Phillip's or any of the elementary works.
V. CIVIL ENGINEERING.
This school comprises the following branches of instruction, viz:
I.—Graphical Mathematics, embracing Descriptive Geometry, Perspective
Mensuration, &c.
II.—Theory of Levelling and surveying, both ordinary and topographical.
III.—Theory of Roads, Rail-roads, Canals, Bridges, &c.
IV.—Theoretical Mechanics, Hydrostatics and Hydrodynamics, as connected
with Engineering.
V.—Laws of Heat and Steam—Theory and construction of the Steam
Engine.
VI.—Geology and Mineralogy.
VII.—Levelling, Surveying, &c., taught practically in the field.
VIII.—Plan drawing, Plotting, Topographical drawing and sketching.
The subjects named under the six first heads are divided between the Professors
of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. Those included under the
7th and 8th heads are taught by the Teacher of Drawing, under the superintendence
of the Professor above mentioned.
VI. CHEMISTRY.
Professor Emmet.—In the Chemical class of this School, all the important
applications of the science to the mechanic arts, agriculture and domestic
economy are noticed, and when practicable, illustrated by experiment.
In the lectures on earths and metals, the appropriate minerals are exhibited
and noticed with reference to the sciences of Mineralogy and Geology. At the
close of the history of inorganic matter, the atomic theory, and the laws
of definite proportions are fully explained and exemplified. The latter part
of the course is occupied with the chemistry of organic substances; and
are added general views of the connexion between chemistry and physiology
of animals and vegetables.
There is attached to this school, a very extensive apparatus and laboratory.
VII. MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
Professor Tucker.—There are two classes in this school. The Junior
Class studies Rhetoric, Belles-Lettres and Logic, the first half of the session,
and Belles-Lettres and Ethics, the last half.
The Senior class studies Mental Philosophy, the first part of the session,
and Political Economy the last. The examinations are on the Professor's
lectures, Brown's Philosophy, Say's Political Economy, Smith's Wealth of
Nations, the Professor's works on Money and Banks, and Rents, Wages and
Profits.
In the Junior Class, the examinations are on the Professor's Lectures,
Blair's Lectures, Campbell's Rhetoric, Stewart's Active and Moral Powers,
and Whately's Logic.
The students in this school are also exercised in composition.
VIII. LAW.
Professor H. St. G. Tucker.—This school is arranged into two classes.
The subjects studied by the Junior class are the Elementary principles of
municipal law; the Law of Nature and Nations; the science of Government;
and constitutional law. The text books used will be Blackstone's
Commentaries, Wheaton's Law of Nations, that portion of Kent's Commentaries
which treats of constitutional law, the Federalist, the Virginia
Report of '99 and an able Review of a part of Judge Story's commentaries
by Judge Upshur; in addition to which ample lectures are delivered on
the connexion between the law of nature and municipal law; on the science
of Government and its various forms, particularly the representative
and federative; and on the various topics of Constitutional law discussed
in the text books. In the arrangement of the political part of this course
the Professor's object has been, to lay before the student the most able dissertations
on both sides of the great constitutional questions which have
arisen in our country; to impress upon his mind the inestimable value of
the union on the one hand, and the vital importance of preserving the rights
of the States on the other; thus guarding him against latitudinarian constructions
and the invasion of the reserved rights of the States, while the
disorganizing principles which lead to convulsion and disunion are earnestly
discarded and industriously controverted.
The subjects studied by the Senior class are the Common and Statute law,
the principles of Equity and the maritime and commercial law. The text
books will be Thomas's Coke, Stephens on pleading (the earliest Editions
preferred,) Tucker's Commentaries, Smith's mercantile law, Story's Equity
and Phillips' Evidence.
The following additional works will be required for the student's use:
Junior Class.—Paley's Philosophy, Constitution of Virginia.
Senior Class.—1, Lomax's Digest: 2, Lomax on Executors.
Those who desire to graduate are required to attend both classes.
The design of this arrangement is to embrace in the junior course, those
studies which not only form an essential part of a liberal professional education,
but which from their universal interest and importance, constitute a
highly useful branch of general education: whilst the senior course is exclusively
occupied with the study of the theory and practice of Law, as a
profession.
Students can attend either or both the classes; and those not wishing to
study Municipal Law at all, can enter for that portion of the junior course
which includes National Law, Government and Constitutional Law.
On the text books of both classes, comments are delivered by the Professor,
in which it is his object to supply what is deficient, and explain what
is obscure in the text, and to offer such remarks as he deems necessary to
a thorough understanding of the subject under consideration. In those on
Municipal Law, he refers to the leading cases and authorities, American
and English, illustrative of the topic treated by the author and particularly
explains, in its appropriate connection, the Statute Law of Virginia and
the United States, and its effects on the pre-existing law. Each lecture is
preceded by an examination on the last, together with its text.
By recent act of the Legislature a diploma in this school dispenses with
the necessity of a license from the Judges.
EXAMINATIONS.
There are two public examinations of all the students each session, the
one at such convenient time about the middle of the session, as the Faculty
shall appoint; the other at the close of the session.
These are thus conducted: The Professor of the School prepares, in writing,
a series of questions to be proposed to the class, and affixes to them
numerical values, according to his estimate of their relative difficulty. On
the assembling of the class for examination, these questions are for the first
time presented to them; and they are required to answer them in writing,
in a prescribed time, without communication with one another or with other
persons, and without any reference to books. Their answers are subsequently
carefully examined and compared, and a value attached to each, not exceeding
that of the corresponding question. In the schools of languages,
subjects may also be selected for oral examination, and the values of these
exercises are marked at the time.
The students are then arranged into four divisions, according to the merit
of their examination, as determined by the following method. The numerical
values attached to all the questions are added together, and also the
values of the answers given by each student. If this last number amounts
to three-fourths of the first, the student is ranked in the first division; if it be
less than three-fourths, and as much as one-half, in the second; if less than
one-half, and as much as a fourth, in the third; if less than a fourth, in the
fourth division. The examinations are conducted and the results ascertained
by a committee, consisting of the Professor of the school and two other Professors.
The standing of each student at the examinations is communicated to his
parent or guardian; and the names of those who are in the first division are
announced on the public day, at the close of the session, and published in
one or more of the newspapers of the state.
DEGREES.
Three honorary distinctions are conferred in this Institution; a Certificate
of Proficiency—that of Graduate in any School—and that of Master of
Arts of the University of Virginia.
The first, the Faculty may confer on any student who shall, on examination,
give satisfactory evidence of a competent acquaintance with any of
those particular branches which according to the regulations, may be separately
attended in a school. The second, they are authorised to confer on
any student who shall, on examination, give satisfactory evidence of his proficiency
in the general studies of any of the schools. And the third, is obtained
by graduation, in the schools of Aucient Languages, Mathematics, Natural
Philosophy, Chemistry, and Moral Philosophy, and in any two of the
Modern Languages. But in all cases, to obtain a diploma or certificate of
proficiency, the candidate must give the Faculty satisfactory proof of his
ability to write the English language correctly.
No particular period of study is prescribed for the acquisition of these
honors. The student obtains them whenever he can undergo the rigid examinations
to which the candidates for them are subjected.
The title of Doctor of Medicine is conferred on graduates in the Medical
department.
On the last day of the session, the Visitors, Faculty, Officers, and Students,
assemble in the Rotunda, and the public are invited to attend. On
this occasion, the certificates and diplomas are awarded to the successful
candidates, and the results of the examinations are announced.
EXPENSES, &c.
The expenses for the session of upwards of ten months, (commencing the
1st of September, and ending the 4th of July following,) are as follows:
| Board, including bed and other room furniture, washing and attendance, | 125 |
| Fuel and candles, to be furnished by the Proctor, at cost, and 5 per cent commission, estimated, if only one student in the dormitory, at $30, if two students in the dormitory, at |
15 |
| Rent of an entire dormitory $16; for half, if occupied by two students, | 8 |
| Use of the Library and public rooms, | 15 |
| Fees—if one Professor be attended, $50; if two, each $30; if more than two, each $25—say, |
75 |
| Total, exclusive of books and stationary, clothing and pocket money | $238 |
In addition to the regular fee, $20 is paid by students who attend the Senior
Class in the School of Law.
The fee for attending the class of Materia Medica in the School of Chemistry;
of Medical Jurisprudence in the School of Medicine; and of National
Law, Government and Constitutional Law, in the School of Law;
by those who do not attend those schools, is $15 each.
Ministers of the Gospel, and young men preparing for the ministry,
may attend any of the schools of the University, without payment of fees
to the Professors.
Boarding-houses are provided within the precincts for the accommodation
of students; and no student is permitted to board or lodge out of the precincts,
unless in the family of his parent or guardian, or some particular
friend, approved by the Faculty. Except, that students above the age of
twenty years may reside out of the precincts, in such private boardinghouses
as the Faculty may approve.
Every student resident within the precincts, is required, on matriculating,
to deposit with the Patron, all the money, checks, bills, drafts, and other
available funds, which he shall have in his possession, or under his control,
in any manner intended to defray his expenses while at the University, or
on his return from thence to his residence. Nor shall he matriculate, till
he shall have deposited a sum at least sufficient, after deducting the Patron's
commission, (two per cent.) to pay for the use of his dormitory and the
public rooms, to pay the fees of the Professors whom he may design to attend,
to pay three months board to his hotel-keeper, to purchase the textbooks
and stationary which he may want at the comnencement, and twenty
dollars on account of fuel and candles, and ten dollars to cover contingent
charges and assessments against him for injuries to the buildings, &c, which
two last mentioned sums are credited in the final settlement of his accounts.
In like manner, he shall deposit with the Patron all the funds which he
shall receive while a student of the University, for the purpose aforesaid.
At the end of the first three months of the session, he shall deposit enough
to pay his board and other expenses for the next three months; and at the
expiration of the second period of three months, he shall deposit enough to
pay his board and other expenses for the residue of the session.
Students resident out of the University, are required on matriculating,
to deposite with the Patron funds sufficient, after deducting the Patron's
commission, to pay the fees of Professors whom they may propose to attend,
the sum charged for the use of the public rooms, and ten dollars to cover
contingent charges.
The expenses of the students resident in the University, are limited as
follows: for board, the use of the dormitory and public rooms, and tuition
fees, the sums before stated; for clothing during the session, not exceeding
a hundred dollars; for pocket money during the session, a sum not exceeding
fifty dollars; for books or stationery, whatever the parent or guardian may
think fit to allow; for medicine and medical attendance whatever may be
necessary. These are in no case to be exceeded, unless under special circumstances,
the Faculty shall allow it.
The Act of the Legislature prohibiting merchants and others, under severe
penalties, from crediting students, is here strictly enforced. The
license to contract debts which the Chairman is authorised to grant, is confined
to cases of urgent necessity; and these, it is hoped that parents and guardians
will, as far as possible, prevent from arising, by the timely supply of
the requisite funds.
Students wherever resident, are required to wear the uniform prescribed
by the enactments; consisting of cloth of dark gray mixture, at a price not
exceeding six dollars a yard.
The Faculty at their discretion, may allow any man, of undoubted moral
character, above the age of twenty-three years, to attend lectures in any of
the schools of the University, and to reside out of the precincts, exempt
from the rules and regulations prescribed for the government of students;
except only, that he shall pay the usual Professors' fees, and the usual compensation
for the use of the public rooms, and shall observe all those laws
of the Institution which enjoin respectful and orderly deportment. But the
privilege so allowed may be withdrawn by the Faculty, at any time, when
in their opinion it has been used to the evil example of the students, or otherwise
to the injury of the Institution.
At the end of every month, a circular letter is addressed by the Chairman
of the Faculty to the parent or guardian of each student, in which are stated
his absences from the lectures he was bound to attend, and any other
irregularities of which he may be guilty that month; together with such
information as to the student's progress and conduct as it may be deemed
proper to communicate.
Divine service is performed at the University every Sunday, by the
Chaplain, who is appointed in turn from the four principal religious denominations
of the State.
| Catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia | |