 | Catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia |  |
REGULATIONS, &c.
MATRICULATION.
To be admitted into the University, the student must be sixteen years of
age; but the Faculty are authorised to dispense with this requisition in
the case of application for admission by two brothers, one of whom is under
the age of sixteen.
If the applicant for admission has been a student at any other incorporated
seminary, he cannot be received, but on producing a certificate from
such seminary, or other satisfactory evidence to the Faculty, with respect
to his general good conduct.
Every student is free to attend the schools of his choice, and no other
than he chooses; provided, that if under the age of twenty-one, he shall
attend at least three professors, unless he has the written authority of his
parent or guardian, or the Faculty shall for good cause shown allow him
to attend less than three. The qualifications of the student to enter the
schools of Ancient Languages, Mathematics, and Natural Philosophy, are
tested by previous examinations.
Before a student matriculates, he is furnished with a copy of the laws,
which he is required to read. On matriculating, he signs a written declaration,
that he will conform to those laws, and, if he be a resident student,
that he has deposited with the Patron all the funds in his possession.
COURSE OF INSTRUCTION.
In each school, there are three regular lectures a week; besides which,
there are in most of them extra lectures suited to the several classes into which
the school is divided. The mode of instruction is by text-books and lectures,
accompanied by rigid examinations. The course pursued in each
school, is as follows.
I. ANCIENT LANGUAGES.
Professor Harrison.—In this School are taught the Latin and Greek
languages; the Greek and Roman History, Geography, and Literature;
and the Hebrew language. The instruction is given partly by lectures
and examinations, and partly by comments on portions of the text books
appointed to be read by the student. It embraces the following subjects, distributed
according to the classes.
1. Junior Latin.—1. General principles and doctrines of the Etymology.
2. The application of these general principles in the explanation of the
formation and composition of the words of the language, considered individually,
and without regard to their relations to other words in a sentence.
The doctrine of the primary and secondary significations of words is
considered in connection with this branch of the subject, and is illustrated
in the lectures from day to day as occasion may offer.
3. The accidence, or inflectional forms of words, expressing the relations
of the forms of words are in like manner explained by the application of
the general principles of the etymology.
4. The Syntax, or laws which govern the relations existing between
the several parts of a sentence or a discourse, whether indicated by the inflections
of words, or by particles. This subject is treated of partly in lectures
specially devoted to it, partly by way of prelections and comment on
the portions of authors read in the lecture room, and partly in connection
with the written exercises.
For the above subjects the text books are the professor's printed notes,
and Zumpt's Latin Grammar.
5. The doctrine of the quantity of syllables, and the metres. The students
are advised to use Carey's Latin Prosody, or Anthon's Prosody,
which contains what is most useful in Carey's.
6. The Latin authors used as text books are Horace, Virgil, Cicero's
Orations, and his Epistles ad Diversos, Terence, and Cæsar's Commentaries.
The last chiefly with a view to the written exercises.
II. Senior Latin.-1. Prelections and commentaries on portions of the classic
authors, embracing, besides the other matters necessary for the better
understanding of these, a further development of the doctrines of philology
taught in the Junior Class.
The text books are Horace, Juvenal, Livy, and Tacitus.
2. Geography of Ancient Italy.—The professor's printed notes form the
text book. The maps of ancient and modern Italy published by the "Society
for the diffusion of useful knowledge," are recommended.
3. Roman History. This subject is taught by prelections, and by examinations
on the text books. These are the History of Rome published by the
"Society for the diffusion of useful knowledge," Niebuhr's History of Rome,
Ferguson's Roman Republic, and Heeren's Manual.
III. Junior Greek.—1. The Etymology, considered in its general principles
and in its applications, the Syntax, and the Prosody and metres, are
taught to this class in the same way as to the Junior Latin.
For these subjects Buttmann's larger Greek Grammar is the text book.
Thiersch's Tables of the Greek verb, by Patton, are referred to and recommended.
The Greek authors read and explained in the lecture room, are Xenophon's
Anabasis, Herodotus, and a play of Æschylus or Euripides. The
Greek and English Lexicon of Donnegan is that preferred.
IV. Senior Greek.—1. Prelections and commentaries on portions of the
Greek classic authors, in the same way as in the Senior Latin class, and
embracing the like subjects.
The Greek authors used as text books in this class are Euripides, Sophocles,
Thucydides, and Homer. The student should have Matthiae's Greek
Grammar, 5th edition of the translation.
2. Ancient Geography of Greece. The printed notes of the professor
form the text.
3. Ancient History of Greece. It is taught by prelections, and by examinations
on the text books. These are Thirlwall's History of Greece,
Gillies' History of Greece, and Heeren's Manual.
It is expected of the students of Latin and Greek, that they shall read
in their rooms such authors and parts of authors, prescribed by the Professor,
his Orations (selected,) and Treatise "de Republica;" Sallust, Virgil,
Terence, Plautus: Æschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes, Demosthenes,
Æschines, Thucydides, &c.
As an essential part of the plan of instruction, the students of each class
are required to furnish written exercises; which consist in the conversion
of Latin or Greek into English, and of English into Latin or Greek —
The exercises are examined by the Professor, and the errors marked:
they are then returned to the students, and the corrections stated and explained
in the presence of the class. For these exercises the classic authors
are used as the text.
V. Hebrew.—The text books are Biblia Hebraica, Stuart's Hebrew
Grammar, 3rd edition, and Gesenii Lexicon Manuale Hebr. et Chald., or
Sauerwein's edition of Rehkopf's Lex. Hebr. Chald.
II. MODERN LANGUAGES.
Professor Blættermann.—The languages taught in this school, are
the French, Spanish, Italian, German and Anglo Saxon; and if desired,
will also be taught, the Danish, Swedish, Hollandish and Portuguese languages.
In each of them, there are two classes, the senior and junior,
together with a third class for those who wish to qualify themselves for degrees
in this school, as it is required that two degrees be obtained in modern
languages before that of A. M. will be conferred. Besides the oral
translations in the lecture soom, the students are required to write, as regular
exercises out of the lecture rooms, translations from the foreign language
into English, and vice versa. Lectures on the Literature of each of the nations
whose languages are taught, are delivered twice a week, by the Professor;
as also lectures on Modern History, and the political relations of
the different civilized nations of the present day. The text-books used are
the principal classics in each language.
III. MATHEMATICS.
Professor Bonnycastle.—In this school there are commonly five
classes. Of these, the first junior begins with Arithmetic; but as the student
is required to have some knowledge of this subject when he enters
the University, the lectures of the Professor are limited to the theory,
shewing the method of naming numbers, the different scales of notation,
and the derivation of the several rules of Arithmetic from the primary notion
of addition; the addition namely, of sensible objects one by one. The
ideas thus acquired are appealed to at every subsequent step, and much
pains are taken to exhibit the gradual developement from these elementary
truths of the extensive science of mathematical analysis. Lacroix's Arithmetic
is the text-book.
In Algebra, the first problems are analized, with and without the use of
letters, to make the student sensible of the advantages of these signs. In
teaching the rules for adding, subtracting, &c., they are compared with the
corresponding rules in Arithmetic, and the agreement or diversity is noticed
and explained. The text-book is Lacroix's Algebra.
In Geometry, the first elements are taught, and illustrated by the use of
models.
The second junior class continue to read Lacroix's Algebra, and Bonnycastle's
Inductive Geometry. In the latter, they successively acquire—the
theorems of Synthetic Geometry—the theory and practice of Plane and
Spherical Trigonometry, with the application of the latter to Nautical Astronomy—the
theory of Projection—and the theory of curved lines and Surfaces.
Their subsequent studies usually embrace a portion of the Differential
Calculus.
The senior classes continue the Differential Calculus in lessons taken
from Young and from Bonnycastle's Geometry, concluding the course of
Pure Mathematics with the Integral Calculus, the theory of which is taken
from Young, and the examples from Peacock.
There is, moreover, a class of Mixed Mathematics, for such of the more
advanced students as choose to pursue it: which consists of parts of Poisson's
Mechanics, the first book of Laplace's Mechanique Celeste, and of
the applications of the principles there given to various problems.
IV. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
Professor Rogers.—There are two classes in this school, viz:—The
general or Junior, and the Senior class. In the former, the illustrations
are experimental and graphical, with occasional references to the elementary
truths of Geometry and Algebra. In the latter mathematical demonstration
is almost exclusively employed, sometimes involving the use of the
calculus.
The various subjects embraced in this school are treated of in the following
order, viz.
Mechanics, including Statics, Dynamics, Laws of Impulse and Pressure,
and Corpuscular Forces, Strength of Materials, Friction and Machinery;
Hydrodynamics, including Hydrostatics, Hydraulics, Capillary Attraction,
&c.—Pneumatics; Acoustics; Heat, including Meteorology and the Steam
Engine; Electricity and Galvanism; Magnetism; Electro-Magnetism;
Optics; Astronomy.
The text-books referred to in the Junior Class, are Lardner's Mechanics,
Hydrostatics and Pneumatics; Brewter's Optics, by Bache—Herschell's
Astronomy—Lardner on the Steam Engine, and the Treatises in the Library
of Useful Knowledge on Mechanics, Hydrostatics and Hydraulics,
Pneumatics, Heat, Electricity, Galvanism, Magnetism, and Electro Magnetism.
The text-books in the senior class are the Cambridge Mechanics,
Young's Analytical Mechanics, Gummere's Astronomy, Bache's Appendix
to Brewster's Optics.
In the senior class the students are examined upon the subjects of lecture
in the general class, as well as the Mathematical demonstrations referred
to in their text-books.
The Apparatus provided for the school of Natural Philosophy is extensive
and complete, and enables the Professor to illustrate every part of his
course by experiments in the presence of his class. An Observatory, with
its appropriate astronomical instruments, is attached to this school.
V. CIVIL ENGINEERING.
This school comprises the following branches of instruction, viz:
I.—Graphical Mathematics, embracing Descriptive Geometry, Perspective
Mensuration, &c.
II.—Theory of Levelling and Surveying, both ordinary and topographical.
III.—Theory of Roads, Railroads, Canals, Bridges, &c.
IV.—Theoretical Mechanics, Hydrostatics and Hydrodynamics, as connected
with Engineering.
V.—Laws of Heat and Steam—Theory and construction of the Steam
Engine.
VI.—Geology and Mineralogy.
VII.—Levelling, Surveying, &c. taught practically in the field.
VIII.—Plan drawing, Plotting, Topographical drawing and sketching.
The subjects named under the six first heads are divided between the
Professors of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. Those included under
the 7th and 8th heads, are taught by the Teacher of Drawing, under
the superintendence of the Professors above mentioned.
VI. CHEMISTRY.
Professor Emmet.—In the Chemical class of this School, all the important
applications of the science to the mechanic arts, agriculture and
domestic economy are noticed, and when practicable, illustrated by experiment.
In the lectures on earths and metals, the appropriate minerals are
exhibited and noticed with reference to sciences of Mineralogy and Geology.
At the close of the history of inorganic matter, the atomatic theory,
and the laws of defiinite proportions are fully explained and exemplified.—
The latter part of the course is occupied with the chemistry of organic
substances; and it comprises the history, analysis and properties of each
substance; to which are added general views of the connexion between
Chemistry and the physiology of animals and vegetables.
There is attached to this school, a very extensive apparatus and laboratory.
VII. MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
Professor Tucker.—There are two classes in this school. The Junior
Class studies Rhetoric, Belles-Lettres and Logic, the first half of the
session, and Belles-Lettres and Ethics, the last half.
The Senior studies mental Philosophy, the first part of the session, and
Political Economy the last. The examinations are on the Professor's lectures,
Brown's Philosophy, Say's Political Economy, and Adam Smith.
In the Junior Class, the examinations are on the Professor's lectures,
Blair's Lectures, Campbell's Rhetoric, Stewart's Active and Moral Powers,
and Whately's Logic.
The students in this school are also exercised in composition.
VIII. LAW.
Professor Davis.—This school is arranged into two classes. The
subjects studied by the Junior class are the Law of Nature and Nations,
the Science of Government, Constitutional Law, and the elementary principles
of Municipal Law. The text-books used by this class, are Vattel's
Law of Nations, the Federalist, the Virginia Report of '99, Blackstone's
Commentaries, and a treatise on Criminal Law by the Professor; in addition
to which, lectures are delivered on Government, and various topics of
National and Constitutional Law, not discussed in the text-books.
The subjects studied by the Senior class, are the Common and Statute
Law, Equity and Maritime and Commercial Law. And the text-books
used by this class, are Coke upon Littleton, (Thomas's edition,) Stephen
on Pleading, Starkie on Evidence, (the first vol.) Matthews on Executors,
Chitty on Contracts, Smith's Mercantile Law, Story's Equity, and Mitford's
Pleadings.
The design of this arrangement is to embrace in the junior course, those
studies which not only form an essential part of a liberal professional education,
but which from their universal interest and importance, constitute a
highly useful branch of general education: whilst the senior course is exclusively
occupied with the study of the theory and practice of Law, as a
profession.
Students can attend either or both the classes; and those not wishing to
study Municipal Law at all, can enter for that portion of the junior course
which includes National Law, Government and Constitutional Law, which
portion, those wishing to study Municipal Law only, can, if they choose,
omit.
On the text-books of both classes, prelections are delivered by the Professor,
in which it is his object to supply what is deficient, and explain what
is obscure in the text, and to offer such comments as he deems necessary
to the thorough understanding of the subject under consideration. In the
prelections on Municipal Law, he refers to the leading cases and authorities,
American and English, illustrative of the topic treated by the author,
and particularly explains, in its appropriate connection, the Statute Law of
Virginia and the United States, and its effects on the pre-existing law.
Each prelection is preceded by an examination on the last, together with
its text. On the lectures delivered, the class are also examined.
To assist them in their regular studies, and to accustom them to legal investigations
and forensic discussions, the students of this school have instituted
a Law Society, at the meetings of which the Professor presides.
In it, questions connected with the studies of the school are discussed, fictitious
cases litigated in the form of regular pleadings, and the issue produced
decided in the appropriate mode, and the members exercised in conveyancing,
&c.
The students of Law, in common with the students of the other schools,
have the use of the extensive Library of the institution; the Law department
of which is large and valuable.
EXAMINATIONS.
There are two public examinations of all the students each session, the
one at such convenient time about the middle of the session, as the Faculty
shall appoint; the other at the close of the session.
These are thus conducted: The Professor of the School prepares, in
writing, a series of questions to be proposed to the class, and affixes to them
numerical values, according to his estimate of their relative difficulty. On
the assembling of the class for examination, these questions are for the first
time presented to them; and they are required to answer them in writing,
in a prescribed time, without communication with one another or with
other persons, and without any reference to books. Their answers are subsequently
carefully examined and compared, and a value attached to each,
not exceeding that of the corresponding question. In the schools of languages,
subjects may also be selected for oral examination, and the values
of these exercises are marked at the time.
The students are then arranged into four divisions, according to the
merit of their examination, as determined by the following method. The
numerical values attached to all the questions are added together, and also
the values of the answers given by each student. If this last number
amounts to three-fourths of the first, the student is ranked in the first division;
if it be less than three-fourths and as much as one-half, in the second;
if less than one-half and as much as a fourth, in the third; if less
than a fourth, in the fourth division.—The examinations are conducted and
the results ascertained by a committee, consisting of the Professor of the
school and two other Professors.
The standing of each student at the examinations is communicated to
his parent or guardian; and the names of those who are in the first division
are announced on the public day, at the close of the session, and published
in one or more of the newspapers of the State.
DEGREES.
Three honorary distinctions are conferred in this Institution; a Certificate
of Proficiency—that of Graduate in any School—and that of Master
of Arts of the University of Virginia.
The first, the Faculty may confer on any student who shall, on examination,
give satisfactory evidence of a competent acquaintance with any of
those particular branches which according to the regulations, may be sepaately
attended in a school. The second, they are authorised to confer on
any student who shall, on examination, give satisfactory evidence of his
proficiency in the general studies of any of the schools. And the third, is
obtained by graduation, in the schools of Ancient Languages, Mathematics,
Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and Moral Philosophy, and in any two of
the Modern Languages. But in all cases, to obtain a diploma or certificate
of proficiency, the candidate must give the Faculty satisfactory proof of his
ability to write the English language correctly.
No particular period of study is prescribed for the acquisition of these
honors. The student obtains them whenever he can undergo the rigid
examinations to which the candidates for them are subjected.
The title of Doctor of Medicine is conferred on graduates in the Medical
department.
On the last day of the session, the Visitors, Faculty, Officers, and Students,
assemble in the Rotunda, and the public are invited to attend. On
this occasion, the certificates and diplomas are awarded to the successful
candidates, and the results of the examinations are announced.
EXPENSES, &c.
The expenses for the session of upwards of ten months, (commencing
the 1st of September, and ending the 4th of July following,) are as follows;
| Board, including bed and other room furniture, washing and attendance, | $125 |
| Fuel and candles, to be furnished by the Proctor, at cost, and 5 per cent commission, estimated, if only one Student in the dormitory, at $30,—if two students in the dormitory at |
15 |
| Rent of an entire dormitory $16; for half, if occupied by two Students, | 8 |
| Use of the library and public rooms, | 15 |
| Fees—if one Professor be attended, $50; if two, each $30; if more than two, each $25—say, |
75 |
| Total, exclusive of books &stationary, clothing and pocket money, | $238 |
In addition to the regular fee, $20 is paid by Students who attend the
Senior Class in the School of Law.
The fee for attending the class of Materia Medica in the School of Chemistry;
of Medical Jurisprudence in the School of Medicine; and of National
Law, Government and Constitutional Law, in the School of Law;
by those who do not attend those schools, is $15 each.
Boarding-houses are provided within the precincts for the accommodation
of students; and no student is permitted to board or lodge out of the
precincts, unless in the family of his parent or guardian, or of some particular
friend, approved by the Faculty. Except, that students above the
age of twenty years may reside out of the precincts, in such private boarding-houses
as the Faculty may approve.
Every student resident within the precincts, is required, on matriculating,
to deposit with the Patron, all the money, checks, bills, drafts, and other
available funds, which he shall have in his possession, or under his control,
in any manner intended to defray his expenses while at the University,
or on his return from thence to his residence. Nor shall he matriculate,
till he shall have deposited a sum at least sufficient, after deducting
the Patron's commission, (two per cent.) to pay for the use of his dormitory
and the public rooms, to pay the fees of the Professors whom he may design
to attend, to pay three months' board to his hotel keeper, to purchase
the text-books and stationary which he may want at the commencement,
and twenty dollars on account of fuel and candles, and ten dollars to cover
contingent charges and assessments against him for injuries to the buildings,
&c., which two last mentioned sums are credited in the final settlement
of his accounts. In like manner, he shall deposit with the Patron
the purposes aforesaid. At the end of the first three months of the session,
he shall deposit enough to pay his board and other expenses for the next
three months; and at the expiration of the second period of three months,
he shall deposite enough to pay his board and other expenses for the residue
of the session.
Students resident out of the University, are required, on matriculating to
deposite with the Patron funds sufficient, after deducting the Patron's commission,
to pay the fees of Professors whom they may propose to attend,
the sum charged for the use of the public rooms, and ten dollars to cover
contingent charges.
The expenses of the students resident in the University, are limited as
follows: for board, the use of dormitory and public rooms, and tuition fees,
the sums before stated; for clothing during the session, not exceeding
a hundred dollars; for pocket money during the session, a sum not exceeding
forty dollars; for books or stationary, whatever the parent or guardian
may think fit to allow; for medicine and medical attendance whatever may
be necessary. These limits are in no case to be exceeded, unless under
special circumstances, the Faculty shall allow it. Resident students are
forbidden to contract any debts whatsoever; but for every thing purchased,
they are forthwith to pay, or to draw upon a fund in the hands of the Patron
applicable thereto.
Students wherever resident, are required to wear the uniform prescribed
by the enactments; consisting of cloth of dark gray mixture, at a price
not exceeding six dollars a yard.
The Faculty at their discretion, may allow any man, of undoubted moral
character, above the age of twenty-three years, to attend lectures in any
of the schools of the University, and to reside out of the precincts, exempt
from the rules and regulations prescribed for the government of students;
except only, that he shall pay the usual Professors' fees, and the usual compensation
for the use of the public rooms, and shall observe all those laws
of the Institution which enjoin respectful and orderly deportment: But the
privilege so allowed may be withdrawn by the Faculty, at any time, when
in their opinion it has been used to the evil example of the students, or
otherwise to the injury of the Institution.
At the end of every month, a circular letter is addressed by the Chairman
of the Faculty to the parent or guardian of each student, in which are stated
his absences from the lectures he was bound to attend, and any other irregularities
of which he may have been guilty that month; together with
such information as to the student's progress and conduct as it may be deemed
proper to communicate.
Religious exercises are performed at the University every Sunday, by a
Minister of the Gospel, residing there, whose services are rendered on the
private invitation of the Professors, Officers and Students.
| Catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia | |