University of Virginia Library

92b. Palladio, Andrea.

Vol. I. THE / ARCHITECTURE / OF / A. PALLADIO; / IN
FOUR BOOKS / CONTAINING / A short Treatise of the Five Orders,
and the most / necessary Observations concerning all Sorts of /
Building; / AS ALSO / The different Construction of Private and
Publick Houses, / High-ways, Bridges, Market-places, Xystes,
and / Temples, with their Plans, Sections, and Uprights. / Revis'd, Design'd,
and Publish'd / By GIACOMO LEONI, a Venetian; Architect to
His most / SERENE HIGHNESS, the Late / ELECTOR PALATINE.
/ Translated from the Italian Original. / In TWO VOLUMES. /
The Second Edition. / LONDON, / Printed by John Darby for the
Author, and all the Plates by / John Vantack. M. DCC. XXI.

and

THE / ARCHITECTURE / OF / A. PALLADIO; / BOOK the SECOND.
/ CONTAINING / The Designs of several Houses which he
has / Built either in Town, or in the Country. / WITH / Some other
Designs of the Manner of Building amongst the / Greeks and Romans.
/ Revis'd, Design'd, and Publish'd / By GIACOMO LEONI, a
Venetian; Architect to His Most / Serene Highness, the Late / ELECTOR
PALATINE. / Translated from the Italian Original. / Printed for
the AUTHOR.

Folio. Engraved frontispiece (1 leaf); title page (1 leaf); dedication (1
leaf); list of subscribers and errata (1 leaf); Leoni's preface (1 unnumbered
p.); biography of Palladio (1 unnumbered p.); engraved portrait
of Palladio (1 leaf); Palladio's preface (2 leaves); text, with 43
engraved plates inserted ([1]-54); title page ([55]); text, with 61 engraved
plates inserted (57-93).

bound with

Vol. II. THE / ARCHITECTURE / . . . / BOOK the THIRD./
Wherein is Treated of / Ways, Streets, Bridges, Squares, Basilicas or
Courts / of Justice, Xistes or Places of Exercise, &c. / The Whole Revis'd
. . .

and

THE / ARCHITECTURE / . . . / BOOK the FOURTH. / Wherein
is Treated / Of the Antient Temples in Rome, and some others to / be
seen in Italy, and other parts of Europe. / The Whole Revis'd . . .

Folio. Title page (1 leaf); preface (1-3); text with 22 engraved plates,
of which 1 is double, inserted (4-37); title page ([39]); preface
(41-42); text with 104 engraved plates, of which 14 are double and
mostly multinumbered, inserted (43-90); table of contents (2 leaves).

Although the title page says "all the Plates by JOHN VANTACK," it
clearly means they were printed by him, since they are identical with
those in No. 92a.

The subscription list includes one apothecary, two attorneys, four
booksellers, three bricklayers, five carpenters, one clerk of the works,
two doctors, an order for twelve copies from the draughtsman to the office
of His Majesty's Ordnance, one ecclesiastic, four engineers, six joiners,
three masons, thirteen merchants, one pattern drawer, one plasterer,
one printseller, one schoolmaster, and one surveyor.

In this second edition of the Leoni Palladio the text has been considerably
rearranged, with the French and Italian versions omitted. The
English text is the same as that in the 1715 edition, but it has been reset.
Leoni's preface makes no reference to the notes of Inigo Jones.

Palladio, when describing the Villa Emo, says that "people may go
under shelter every where about this House, which is one of the most
considerable conveniencies that ought to be desir'd in a Country-house"
(I, 82). This was a statement that Jefferson put into practice in at least
three instances-at Monticello, at Edgemont, and at the University of
Virginia. At the University he may very well have derived the form of
the arcades of the Ranges from Palladio as well (see No. 87), and we
know that he checked the proportions of the arches against Palladio in
his specifications for the arcades.[16]

Jefferson ordered the capitals for Pavilions II, III, and V at the
University from Italy and specified that they be carved after particular
plates in Leoni's Palladio, 1721 (see plates XCIV-CII).[17] Since the order
at Pavilion II is based on Palladio's plates of the temple of Fortuna
Virilis, it is reasonable to suppose that the entablature for Pavilion IX,
which is based on the same order, is also derived from Palladio. Even the

Plate XCIV. From No. 92b. "Of the Temple of Fortuna Virilis or Manly Fortune"
(Vol. II, Bk. IV, Pls. XXXV, XXXVI, and XXXVII).

Plate XCV. Jefferson's drawing for Pavilion II, University of Virginia (N-321).

Plate XCVI. From No. 92b. "Of the Corinthian Order" (Vol. I, Bk. I, Pl. XXVI,
opp. p. 31).

Plate XCVII. Jefferson's drawing for Pavilion III, University of Virginia (N-316).

Plate XCVIII. From No. 92b. "Of the Ionick Order" (Vol. I, Bk. I, Pl. XX, opp.
p. 28).

Plate XCIX. From No. 92b. "Of the Ionick Order" (Vol. I, Bk. I, Pl. XXI, opp.
p. 29).

Plate C. Jefferson's drawing for Pavilion V, University of Virginia (N-356). See
Plates XCVIII and XCIX.

Plate CI. From No. 92b. Elevation "Of the Pantheon, now call'd the Rotunda"
(Vol. II, Bk. IV, Pls. LVI and LVII).

Plate CII. Jefferson's drawing for the elevation and section of the Rotunda, University
of Virginia (N-328). See Plate CI.

order for Pavilion VII is derived from Palladio via Fréart de Chambray
(No. 46).

Jefferson also ordered the capitals for the columns of the Rotunda
from Italy, again citing Palladio as the model.[18] At the time of the design
of the Rotunda, the best reference available to Jefferson concerning the
Pantheon, which he used as his precedent as he notes on his drawing of
the plan for the dome room (N-331), was Leoni's Palladio, 1721.[19]

These many uses of Palladio at the University of Virginia hardly
substantiate the statement that "from Morris [No. 87] came practically
as many designs as from Palladio."[20]

One has only to add the many other allusions to Palladio, and
especially to the Villa Rotunda, in Jefferson's oeuvre to begin to understand
the strong underlying Palladian basis in his design vocabulary, a
basis which can hardly be too much emphasized.

The case for arguing that this edition of Palladio was the one recorded
by Kean as being in the University's collection in 1825, though
physically then "at Monticello," rests on the certainty, as noted above,
that this was one of the editions used during the construction of the
University. The volumes apparently never got back from Monticello because
they do not appear in the 1828 Catalogue. The copy now in the
library was the gift of Thomas Nelson Page.

U. Va.

*NA2517.P3.1721