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Ast si intestato moritur cui suus hæres nec exhabit, agnatus proximus familiam habeto. Fragment of the law of the Twelve Tables in Ulpian, the last title.

[3]

See Ulpian, Fragment., section 8, tit. 26. Institutes, tit. 3, In præmio ad S.C. Tertullianum.

[4]

Paul, Sentences, tit. 8, section 3.

[5]

"Institutes," lib. iii, tit. 1, section 15.

[6]

Book iv, p. 276.

[7]

Dionysius Halicarnassus proves, by a law of Numa, that the law which permitted a father to sell his son three times was made by Romulus, and not by the Decemvirs. — Book ii.

[8]

See Plutarch, "Solon."

[9]

This testament, called in procinctu, was different from that which they styled military, which was established only by the constitutions of the emperors. Leg. 1, ff. de militari testamento. This was one of the artifices by which they cajoled the soldiers.

[10]

This testament was not in writing, and it was without formality, sine libr et tabulis, as Cicero says, "De Orat.," lib. i.

[11]

"Institutes," lib. ii, tit. 10, section 1. Aulus Gellius, xv. 27. They called this form of testament per æs et libram.

[12]

Ulpian, tit. 10, section 2.

[13]

Theophilus, "Institutes," lib. ii, tit. 10.

[14]

Livy, lib. iv, Nondum argentum signatum erat. He speaks of the time of the siege of Veii.

[15]

Tit. 20, section 13.

[16]

"Institutes," lib. ii, tit. 10, section 1.

[17]

Let Titus be my heir.

[18]

Vulgar, pupillary, and exemplary.

[19]

Augustus, for particular reasons, first began to authorise the fiduciary bequest, which, in the Roman law, was called fidei commissum. "Institutes," lib. ii, tit. 23, section 1.

[20]

Ad liberos matris intestatæ hæredit as, leg. 12 Tab., non pertinebat, quia, fœminæ suos hæredes non habent. Ulpian, "Fragment.," tit. 26, section 7.

[21]

It was proposed by Quintus Voconius, tribune of the people, in the year 585 of Rome, 169 B.C. See Cicero, "Second Oration against Verres." In the "Epitome" of Livy, lib. xli we should read Voconius, instead of Voluminus.

[22]

Sanxit . . . . . ne quis hæredem virginern neve mulierem faceret. -- Cicero, "Second Oration against Verres," 107.

[23]

Legem tulit, ne quis hæredem mulierem institueret — Book iv.

[24]

"Second Oration against Verres."

[25]

"City of God," lib. iii. 21.

[26]

Epitome of Livy, lib. xl.

[27]

Book xvii, chap. 6.

[28]

"Institutes," lib. iii, tit. 22

[29]

Ibid.

[30]

Nemo censuit plus Fadiæ dandum, quam posset ad cam lege Voconia pervenire. "De Finib. boni et mali," lib. vi. 55.

[31]

"Cum lege Voconia mulieribus prohiberetur, ne qua majorem centum millibus nummum hæreditatem posset adire." Book lxvi.

[32]

Qui census esset. "Second Oration against Verres."

[33]

Census non erat. Ibid.

[34]

Book iv.

[35]

In "Oratione pro Cæcinna."

[36]

These five classes were so considerable, that authors sometimes mention no more than five.

[37]

In Cæritum tabulas referri; ærarius fieri.

[38]

Cicero, De Finib. boni et mali, lib. ii. 58.

[39]

Ibid.

[40]

Sextilius said he had sworn to observe it. — Cicero, De Finib. boni et mali, lib. ii, 55.

[41]

See what has been said in Book xxiii, chap. 20.

[42]

The same difference occurs in several regulations of the Papian law. See Ulpian, "Fragment," tit. ult., sections 4, 5, 6.

[43]

See Ulpian, "Fragment.," tit. 15, section 16.

[44]

Quod tibi filiolus, vel filia nascitur ex me, Jura Parentis habes; propter me scriberis hæres. -- Juvenal, Sat. ix. 5, 83, 87.

[45]

See Leg. 9, Cod. Theod. De bonis proscriptorum, and Dio, lv. See Ulpian, "Fragment.," tit. ult., section 6, and tit. 29, section 3.

[46]

Ulpian, "Fragment.," tit. 16, section 1. Sozomenus, lib. i, chapl. 29.

[47]

Book xx, chap. 1.

[48]

Book iv, tit. 8, section 3.

[49]

Tit. 26, section 6.

[50]

That is, the Emperor Pius who changed his name to that of Adrian by adoption.

[51]

Leg. 2, Cod. de jure liberorum. "Institutes," tit. 3, section 4, de senatus consult. Tertul.

[52]

Leg. 9, Cod. de suis et legitimis hæredibus.

[53]

Leg. 14, ibid., and Nov. 118, 127.