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Parkways and park roads

Howland, Benjamin Cregan
 
[copyright]
 
[frontispiece]
 
AN ATTITUDE:

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1982 PARK ROADS AND PARKWAYS LAR 525
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LECTURE 1: PREFACE
 
GLOSSARY:
 
THOUGHTS ON THE HISTORY OF ROADS
 
THE FUTURE:
 
COMPARISON OF PRIORITIES:
 
LECTURE 2: ASLA POLICY AND LEGISLATION
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LECTURE 3: SAFETY
 
Summary:
 
LECTURE 4 - CIRCULAR CURVES
 
LECTURE 5: SUPERELEVATION
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LECTURE 5 - THE PHYSICS OF MOTION
 
SUPERELEVATION:
 
DRIVER BEHAVIOR:
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LECTURE 6 - TRANSITION CURVES
 
HOWLAND'S FOURTEEN STEPS:
 
THE ENGINEER-LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT TEAM:
 
THE SPLINE LINE:
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LECTURE 7 - VERTICAL CURVES
 
Discussion:
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LECTURE 8 - DRAINAGE
 
DIVERSION DITCHES:
 
CULVERTS:
 
BOX CULVERTS:
 
CAUSEWAYS:
 
SELECTION OF STRUCTURES:
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LECTURE 9 - ROUTE SURVEYS AND ALTERNATIVE LOCATIONS
 
Discussion:
 
Procedure:
 
Reconnaissance Survey:
 
Preliminary Survey:
 
Location Survey:
 
Construction Surveys:
 
Supervision:
 
Study of Alternatives:
 
The Taking Line:
 
GRADE SEPARATIONS AND INTERCHANGES
 
ADAPTABILITY OF INTERSECTIONS
 
SAFETY
 
STAGE DEVELOPMENT
 
ECONOMIC FACTORS
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STRUCTURES
 
MAJOR STRUCTURES:
 
MINOR STRUCTURES:
 
MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES:
 
DESIGN FACTORS:
 
BRIDGE TYPES:
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LECTURE 11- SLOPES
 
Howland's Theory:
 
The Seedbed:
 
CLIMATIC FACTORS:
 
Maintenance:
 
Aesthetics:
 
Running the job:
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LECTURE 12 - PAVEMENTS
 
CURBS:
 
BITUMINOUS PAVEMENTS:
 
SURFACING:
 
THICKNESS:
 
ASPHALT CURBS:
 
TRAILS:
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MIXES:
 
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS:
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LECTURE 13 - PARKING AREAS:
 
DETERMINING SIZE:
 
Dimensions of Spaces:
 
Shade Trees:
 
Surfacing:
 
Drainage:
 
Curbs versus Wheelstops:
 
CAUTION!!
 
SPECIAL CONDITIONS:
 
Campgrounds:
 
Bus Parking:
 
Amphitheaters:
 
Trailer Parking at Boat Ramps:
 
Picnic Areas:
 
Maintenance Areas:
 
Turning Radius:
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LECTURE 14 ROAD CONSTRUCTION
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THE SEQUENCE OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION
 
PHASE I: PRE-PLANNING
 
PHASE II: PRELIMINARY PLANNING
 
PHASE III: PROJECT PLANNING OR PS&E (Plans, specs & estimates)
 
PHASE IV: BIDS AND PRE-CONTRACT
 
PHASE V: CONSTRUCTION
 
PHASE VI: FINAL INSPECTION
 
PHASE VII: FINAL PAYMENT AND COMPLETION REPORT
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LECTURE 15 - MAINTENANCE
 
Working Relationships:
 
Roadside Vegetation:
 
De-icing Chemicals:
 
Maintenance Plans:
 
Ditches:
 
Inspection of Culverts:
 
Inspection of Bridges:
 
Resurfacing:
 
Uniform Traffic Control Devices:
 
Roadside Parking:
 
Overlooks:
 
Relocation:
 
Traffic Control Devices:
 
Roadside Markers:
 
Maintenance of Roadsigns:
 
International System of Sign Symbols:
 
Assimilation:
 
Scouting Problems:
 
Performance Standards:

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Addendum
 
References
 
Images
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COMPARISON OF PRIORITIES:

In 1972, the Year of the Fuel Crisis, 56,600 Americans were
killed on the highways. Today the rate is about 46,000, a reduction
brought about by the 55 MPH enforced speed limit, and other safety
improvements. The combat deaths during the War in VietNam were
about 46,600; training accidents, sickness and other causes boosted
that total to 56,600—ironically the same as our 1972 highway
fatalities.

Can we Landscape Architects help in saving American lives?
I believe we can.

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