University of Virginia Library

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181

INDEX

Persons and Place Names

• Ānanda, Buddha's disciple, 133 n. 92

• Central Asia: and importance in spread of
  Buddhism, 117 n. 13

• Chang, Empress (Madame Ho), 26

• Chang, Lady, mother of prince of Lin-ch'uan,
  101

• Chang Chün, 94

• Chang Pien, governor of Yü-chang, 39

• Chang Tai, governor of I Province, 71

• Ch'ang-an: convents in, 6;

  • sacked by
    nomads, 3

• Ch'ao-ming, nun, 83-84

• Ch'ao-pien, Master of the Law, 59

• Chen Fa-ch'ung, governor of I Province,
  92

• Chiang, Madame, wife of Wang Lu:
  composed eulogy, 73

• Chieh-jen, nun, 101

• Chien-wen, emperor of Chin, 30

• Chih-hsien, nun, 21-23

• Chih-shan, monk of Kashmir, 18

• Chih-sheng, nun, 73-76

• Chih-yüeh, monk, 95-96

• Ching-ai, nun, 58

• Ching-ch'eng, nun, 48, 55-56

• Ching-chien, nun: as first Chinese Buddhist
  nun, 5, 17-19, 21, 62

• Ching-hsien, nun, 97-98

• Ching-hsing, nun, 99-100

• Ching-hsiu, nun, 10, 87-91, 101;

  • as
    Master of Meditation, 88;

  • sources and
    versions of, 109

• Ching-hui, nun, 78-79

• Ching-kuei, nun, 80-81;

  • and asceticism
    expressed in suicide by fire, 16

• Ching-lien, nun, 78

• Ching-yüan, nun, 98, 99

• Chou Ying, scholar, 106, 151 n. 103

• Ch'u, Empress, consort of K'ang, 28

• Ch'ü An-yüan, fortune-teller, 31

• Convent: Bamboo Garden, 61, 86, 99;

  • Bamboo Grove in Lo-yang, 18;

  • Bamboo
    Grove in Tung-hsiang of Shan-yang,
    55;

  • Beckoning Clarity, 106;

  • Black River, 30;

  • Brightness of Ch'i, 72,
    84, 86, 105;

  • Built by the Multitude, 70;

  • Capital Office, 95;

  • Central, 51;

  • Chu-ko
    Village, 45, 46;

  • Collected Goodness,
    82, 97;

  • Cowherd, 39;

  • Eastern, 29;

  • Eastern Green Garden, 78, 86, 97;

  • Empress Dowager, 41;

  • Empress Ho,
    26, 35, 100;

  • Establishing Blessings, 25,
    27, 38, 40-41, 71, 74;

  • Establishing
    Peace, 62, 69;

  • Establishing Splendor,
    44;

  • Eternal Blessings, 63;

  • Eternal
    Peace, 50, 58;

  • Eternal Sanctity, 70;

  • Expanding Nation, 44;

  • Field of Blessings,
    82;

  • Flower Garland, 72;

  • Flower
    Grove, 76;

  • Foundation for Meditation,
    76;

  • Founding of Wisdom, 21;

  • Great
    Mysterious Terrace, 42, 56;

  • Green
    Garden, 58, 77, 88, 89;

  • Increasing Joy,
    28;

  • Jeta Grove, 41;

  • Joyful Peace, 103;

  • Kingdom, 85;

  • Luminous Blessings, 36,
    53, 59, 62;

  • Meditation Grove, 89, 91,
    97, 101;

  • New Grove, 31;

  • North Peak,
    23;

  • Northern Everlasting Peace, 26;

  • Peak Mountain, 105;

  • Reflecting Brightness
    on White Mountain, 86;

  • Samantabhadra,
    78;

  • Simple Tranquility, 33;

  • Solitude, 102;

  • South, 48;

  • Southern
    Chin-ling, 100;

  • Southern Eternal
    Peace, 68, 85;

  • Southern Peace, 43;

  • Three-story, 60, 81;

  • Ti Mountain, 104;

  • Universal Wisdom, 62, 64;

  • Venerating
    Seculsion, 84;

  • Voice of the Teaching,
    79, 80, 84;

  • West, 21;

  • Western, 69;

  ---

  182

  
  

  • Western Green Garden, 103;

  • Wonderful
    Appearance, 76

• Fa-ch'eng, monk, 51

• Fa-ching, nun, 64

• Fa-ching, nun: and intrigue against government,
  86

• Fa-ch'üan, nun, 77;

  • as teacher of great
    influence, 16

• Fa-hsiang, nun, 56

• Fa-hsüan, nun, 105-106

• Fa-hui, Master of the Law, 95-96,
  146 n. 49

• Fa-lin, nun, 58

• Fa-pien, nun, 59-60;

  • excelled in meditation,
    16

• Fa-sheng, nun, 7, 38-39

• Fa-sheng, nun, 48-49

• Fa-tsang, nun, 84

• Fa-yen, nun, 77

• Fa-yin, Master of Meditation, 76, 77,
  101

• Fa-ying, Master of Monastic Rules, 63,
  88

• Fa-yüan, Master of Exegesis, 77, 78

• Fa-yüan, nun, 67-68;

  • sources and versions
    of, 109

• Feng, Nun, 95-96;

  • extract from Ming
    seng chuan, 107

• Fo-t'u-teng, foreign missionary monk
  from Kucha, 18, 20-21, 117 n. 10

• Fu Chien, emperor of Former Ch'in, 22,
  56

• Gunavarman, missionary monk from
  Central Asia, 36-37, 54, 62, 85, 89,
  128 n. 6

• Hsiao Chao-chou, Ch'i prince of Pa-ling,
  106

• Hsiao Ch'eng-chih, 43

• Hsiao I, prince of Yü-chang, 81

• Hsiao-wu, emperor of Chin, 31, 32, 33

• Hsiao-wu, emperor of Sung, 62, 91

• Hsiao Yüan-chien, Liang prince of Heng-yang,
  106

• Hsüan-ch'ang, Master of Meditation,
  82

• Hsüan-tsao, nun, 42

• Hua-kuang, nun, 95

• Huan Hsüan, 33-34

• Hui-chan, nun, 25, 27

• Hui-chi, Master of the Law, 106

• Hui-chih, monk, 43

• Hui-ch'iung, nun, 43-44;

  • incorrupt body
    of, 12, 44;

  • sources and versions of, 109

• Hui-chün, nun, 61

• Hui-hsi, Master of the Law, 106

• Hui-hsing, nun, 78

• Hui-hsü, nun, 81-83, 97

• Hui-hui, nun, 103-104

• Hui-i, Hui-kuo's disciple, 37-38

• Hui-k'ai, Hui-kuo's disciple, 37-38

• Hui-kao, nun, 98

• Hui-kuo, nun, 36-38, 59, 62-63

• Hui-li, nun, 101

• Hui-ming, Master of the Law, 79

• Hui-mu, nun, 45-48;

  • sources and versions
    of, 109

• Hui-sheng, nun, 96-97

• Hui-tz'u, Master of the Law, 103

• Hui-yao, nun, 65-66;

  • and suicide by fire,
    12, 65

• Hui-yin, nun, 104

• Hui-yü, nun, 39-40;

  • sources and versions
    of, 109

• Hui-yüan, monk, 34;

  • and Pure Land
    School, 127 n. 107

• I-k'ang, prince of P'eng-ch'eng, 85

• I-kung, prince of Chiang-hsia, 61

• India, 66;

  • nuns in, 37. See also
    Sanghavarman

• K'ang, emperor of Chin, 28

• Kashmir, 18, 90

• Kuang-ching, nun, 50-51

• Kuang-ching, nun, 79

• Kucha, 20, 95

• K'ung Hsi-hsien: and intrigue against
  government, 86

• K'ung Mo, provincial governor, 68, 70

---

183




• Lin-ch'uan, prince of (Liu I-ch'ing), 101,
  149 n. 77

• Ling-hui, nun, 101

• Ling-pien, Yang. See Yang Ling-pien

• Ling-shou, nun, 20-21

• Ling-tsung, nun, 31

• Ling-yü, nun, 100-101

• Liu Ch'iu, appointed court scholar, 60

• Liu I-ch'ing, 101, 149 n. 77

• Liu Liang, 65;

  • as Taoist immortal,
    136 n. 131

• Lo-yang: convents in, 6;

  • sacked by
    nomads, 3;

  • translation center at, 2

• Mahāprajāpatī, the Buddha's stepmother:
  as first Buddhist nun in the world, 15,
  37;

  • taking eight special prohibitions, 54

• Ming, emperor of Chin, 30

• Ming, emperor of Sung, 62, 64, 70, 89, 98

• Ming-kan, nun, 24-25

• Miao-chih, nun, 72-73

• Miao-hsiang, nun, 23-24;

  • as teacher of
    great influence, 16

• Miao-wei, nun, 102-103

• Miao-yin, nun, 33-34, 111

• Monastery: Chaturdesha, 91;

  • Eminent
    Dais, 44;

  • Gold Flower, 95;

  • Grass Hall,
    97;

  • Grove of Concentration on Bell
    Mountain, 73;

  • Grove of the Way, 59,
    79;

  • Hedge Garden, 86;

  • North Chang,
    84;

  • P'eng-ch'eng, 40, 90;

  • Pottery
    Office, 40, 69, 73;

  • Prospering of Chin,
    63;

  • Sheh Mountain, 75;

  • Site of the
    Way, 38;

  • Six Prohibitions, 40;

  • Southern
    Establishing Joy, 40;

  • Southern
    Grove, 54, 63;

  • Spiritual Root, 97;

  • Splendidly Adorned, 74;

  • Upper Grove
    of Concentration on Bell Mountain,
    59, 75

• Mu, emperor of Chin, 26

• Nan-t'i, boat captain from Sri Lanka, 53,
  54

• Pao-ch'ang. See Shih Pao-ch'ang

• Pao-hsien, nun, 62-64

• Pao-liang, Master of the Law, 99

• Pao-ying, nun, 58

• Pao-yung, nun, 98

• P'eng-ch'eng: as early center of Buddhism,
  2, 116 n. 3

• P'u-chao, nun, 44-45

• P'u-ching, Seng-tuan's disciple, 50

• P'u-yao, Seng-tuan's disciple, 50, 68

• Sanghavarman, missionary monk from
  India, 38, 54, 63, 86, 128 n. 10

• Scythians, 19. See also Yüeh-chih

• Seng-chi, nun, 27-28;

  • maintaining chastity,
    16

• Seng-ching, nun, 69-70;

  • and eulogy by
    Shen Yüeh, 137 n. 13;

  • and source of
    eulogy, 109

• Seng-hua, nun, 61

• Seng-jou, Master of the Law, 103, 106

• Seng-kai, nun, 76-77

• Seng-kuo, nun, 53-55;

  • excelled in meditation,
    16

• Seng-lü, nun, 78

• Seng-mao, nun, 86

• Seng-meng, nun, 71

• Seng-nien, nun, 91-92

• Seng-pien, nun, 60

• Seng-shen, Master of Meditation, 76, 77,
  101

• Seng-shu, nun, 101-102

• Sen-tsung, Master of the Law, 74, 77, 99

• Seng-tuan, nun, 49-50;

  • maintaining
    chastity, 16

• Seng-yao, nun, 79

• Seng-yüan, Master of the Law, 75

• Seng-yüan, nun, 72

• Shan-miao, nun, 51-53;

  • and asceticism
    expressed in suicide by fire, 16

• Shao-ling, prince of, 100

• Shen Yu-chih, governor of Ching Province,
  81

• Shen Yüeh, 153 n. 24;

  • as author of a nun's
    biography, 109;

  • as author of a nun's
    eulogy, 70, 109, 137 n. 13

• Shih Hu, emperor of Latter Chao, 21

• Shih Lo, emperor of Latter Chao, 21

---

184




• Shih Pao-ch'ang: access to nuns, 8;

  • comments
    in biographies, 36, 53, 83, 8586;

  • as compiler of Ching lü yi hsiang,
    108;

  • as compiler of Lives of the Nuns,
    1, 107;

  • as compiler of Ming seng chuan,
    107;

  • and reasons for compiling the
    Lives of the Nuns, 15-16

• Shūshō, Japanese monk, 107

• Sri Lanka: Buddhist nuns from, 53, 54,
  86

• T'an-ch'e, nun, 68-69

• T'an-chi, Master of the Law, 78, 103

• T'an-chien, nun, 79-80, 84

• T'an-hui, nun, 7, 92-95

• T'an-lan, nun: and intrigue against government,
  86

• T'an-mo-chieh-to, foreign monk, 19

• T'an-pei, nun, 26, 28

• T'an-pin, Master of the Law, 74, 103

• T'an-yin, Yeh-shou's disciple, 58-59

• T'an-yung, nun, 84-85

• Tao-chao, nun, 60

• Tao-ch'iung, nun, 7, 40-41

• Tao-hsing, nun, 29-30

• Taoist Master of Pure Water, 30

• Tao-jung, nun, 30-31;

  • sources and
    versions of, 109

• Tao-kuei, nun, 104-105

• Tao-shou, nun, 41

• Tao-tsung, nun, 60

• Tao-tzu, prince of Kuei-chi, 33

• Tao-yi, nun, 34-35

• Teh-leh, nun, 85-86, 105

• Te-sheng, nun, 83

• Tessara, nun from Sri Lanka, 54, 63, 70

• Wang Ch'en, 33-34

• Wang Kung, 33-34

• Wang Lun of Lang-yeh, 73

• Wang P'u-yang, Taoist master, 30

• Wang T'an-chih, 58

• Wen, emperor of Sung, 58, 62, 85, 86,
  91, 97

• Wen-hsüan, prince of Ching-ling, 70, 73,
  75, 77, 78, 79, 90, 92, 99, 102, 105

• Wen-hui, Ch'i heir apparent, 70, 74, 75,
  76, 78, 79, 90, 98, 102

• Wu, emperor of Ch'i, 73, 82

• Wu, emperor of Sung, 58

• Yang Ling-pien, Taoist murderess, 29-30

• Yeh-shou, nun, 57, 88

• Yin Chung-k'an, 34

• Yü Yung, scholar, 106

• Yüch-chih, 117 n. 13

General Subjects

• Animals: concourse with indicating
  holiness, 22-23, 24-45, 32, 44,
  55, 72;

  • freeing, 102;

  • and Taoism,
    125 n. 91

• Apologetics, Buddhist, 4

• Assemblies, four Buddhist: established in
  China for the first time, 25

• Assembly of Nuns, 19;

  • and Assembly of
    Monks, 1, 6;

  • and obstacles to entry, 1;

  • ranking of, 99;

  • requirements for admission,
    37;

  • and state, 5, 13. See also
    Monastic life; Monastic rules; Precepts;
    Prohibitions

• Begging: for alms, 18, 32, 79;

  • for medicine,
    48

• Begging bowl and staff: as symbol of
  monastic life, 35, 127 n. 114

• Biographical writing: and prototypes for
  the Lives of the Nuns, 110;

  • purposes
    of, 109;

  • tradition in China, 109

• Buddha's name: repeating (nien fo),
  49

• Buddhism: and apologetics, 4;

  • and Confucianism,
    4;

  • and entry into China, 2;

  • and meaning for Chinese, 12-13;

  • positive evidence for, 2;

  • proof of truth
    of promises, 12, 32;

  • reasons for acceptance
    of, 3-4;

  • and social class, 3;

  • and
    state, 5, 13;

  • and Taoism, 2, 3-5, 10,
    11, 13, 29-30

• Buddhist path: and first fruit (srotāpanna-phala),
  53, 132 n. 86;

  • and nirvana, 21,
    

    ---

    185

    
    
    85;

  • and third fruit (anāgāmin), 96,
    147 n. 52

• Burial, 70, 76, 97, 100, 102, 104, 105

• Chanting of scriptures. See Scriptures,
  chanting

• Chastity: maintaining, 16, 22, 24, 74

• Ch'u san-tsang chi chi (Collected notes on
  the translation of the Buddhist scriptures
  into Chinese), 107

• Collected Notes on the Translation of the
  Buddhist Scriptures into Chinese (Ch'u
  san-tsang chi chi), 107

• Commentaries to texts written by nun, 74

• Complete Collection of Books and
  Records Ancient and Modern (Ku chin
  t'u shu chi ch'eng), 108-109

• Compositions written by nuns, 33, 91, 95

• Condensed T'ang k'ai-yüan reign period
  catalogue of Buddhist Writings (K'ai-yüan
  shih chiao lu), 107

• Confession, 25, 42, 44, 46, 51, 55, 63,
  71, 89, 97, 104

• Confucianism: and Buddhism, 4;

  • education
    in classics of, 23, 40;

  • and filial
    piety, 20, 23, 26, 41, 45, 47, 48;

  • and
    five classics, 84, 142 n. 72;

  • and mourning,
    62, 71;

  • and philosophical foundation
    of country, 3;

  • and quotation from
    Confucius, 56, 148 n. 65;

  • and quotation
    from Classic of History, 76

• Convents: and connection to Assembly of
  Monks, 6;

  • and effects of location, 6;

  • first, 5-6;

  • importance of, 8;

  • and interference
    from state, nobility, and aristocracy,
    6;

  • social usefulness of, 6;

  • and
    status of independence, 6

• Cult practices, 9

• Death: manner of, 11;

  • chopping up body
    after, 43;

  • and revival, 45, 71, 131 n. 63;

  • Taoist, 12, 19, 31, 126 n. 96, 130 n. 41

• Dharmaguptaka Monastic Rules in Four
  Divisions, 46

• Diet of nuns: arrowroot and taro in, 62;

  • cereals in, 10;

  • and forgotten taste of
    food, 80;

  • fragrant oils in, 10, 65;

  • hemp
    and sesame in, 135 n. 113;

  • incense in,
    10;

  • no flesh or strong-flavored vegetables
    in, 43, 59, 61, 87, 103, 104;

  • no
    fine food in, 51;

  • no food at all in, 10,
    80;

  • no sweet or fat food in, 51;

  • one dish
    of vegetables a day in, 76;

  • parts of pine
    tree in, 10, 51;

  • plain vegetables and
    coarse rice in, 71;

  • sesame and mountain
    thistles in, 56;

  • Taoist influence in, 10,
    135 n. 113, 136 n. 118;

  • water only in,
    98. See also Feasts and fasts, vegetarian;

  • Vegetarianism

• Discourse on Abhidharma, 99

• Discourse on the Completion of Reality,
  99, 103

• Divination, 30-31

• Divine figures, gods, and their abodes:
  Amita Buddha, 9, 33, 38-39, 48,
  129 n. 16;

  • Bodhisattva Kuan-shih-yin,
    9, 27, 32, 39, 42, 50;

  • Bodhisattva P'u-hsien
    (Samantabhadra), 41;

  • Bodhisattva
    Ta-shih-chih, 39;

  • Buddha, 2, 4,
    49;

  • Maitreya (Buddha-to-be), 9-10,
    40, 42, 51;

  • Pindola (Holy Monk), 910,
    75, 89, 90, 139 n. 38;

  • Sāgara
    Dragon King Brothers, 90;

  • spirits of,
    68, 71, 88;

  • and Tushita Heaven (of
    Maitreya), 9-10, 42, 51, 88, 90, 91,
    130 n. 40;

  • and Western Paradise or Pure
    Land (of Amita Buddha), 9-10, 33,
    38-39, 48, 67, 125 n. 95

• Dreams, 32, 39, 46, 59, 88, 90, 91

• Dress. See Robes and dress

• Duty, woman's: traditional conception of,
  119 n. 22

• Education and literacy among nuns, 7

• Enlightenment and Buddhahood for
  women, 1

• Faith, Buddhist: brings response and
  proof of Buddhist claims, 9;

  • established
    during a former life, 53;

  • man of devout,
    28; pure, 26, 31;

  • in religion and practice,
    44, shallow, 18;

  • spreads kindness,
    

    ---

    186

    
    
    103;

  • upon first hearing Buddhist teaching,
    17

• Fa yüan chu lin (Forest of pearls in the
  garden of the law), 107, 108, 109

• Feasts and fasts, vegetarian, 20, 22, 23,
  31, 39, 42, 75, 83, 90. See also Diet;

  • Vegetarianism

• Field of merit, 9, 57

• Flowers and holiness, 30

• Foreknowledge, 96;

  • of death, 75

• Forest of Pearls in the Garden of the Law
  (Fa yüan chu lin), 107, 108, 109

• Forged books, 4-5

• Former life, 20, 42, 53, 68, 82

• Immortality, 12

• Incorrupt body, 12, 44

• Inexhaustible treasury, 95, 145 n. 43

• K'ai-yüan shih chiao lu (T'ang k'ai-yüan
  reign period collection of Buddhist
  writings), 107

• K'ai-yüan shih chiao lu lüeh ch'u (Condensed
  T'ang k'ai-yüan reign period
  catalogue of Buddhist writings), 107

• Kao seng chuan (Lives of eminent
  monks), 6, 107;

  • compared to the Lives
    of the Nuns, 12

• Ku chin t'u shu chi ch'eng (Complete
  collection of books and records ancient
  and modern), 108-109

• Lantern Festival: origins of, 136 n. 132.
  See also Moon, phases of

• Lieh nü chuan (Lives of illustrious
  women), 110

• Li tai san pao chi (Records of the Three
  Treasures through the ages), 107

• Lives of Eminent Monks (Kao seng
  chuan), 6, 107

• Lives of Famous Monks (Ming seng
  chuan), 107

• Lives of Illustrious Women (Lieh nü
  chuan), 110

• Lives of the Nuns: and biographies as
  proof of the Buddhist way, 111;

  • Buddhist
    texts as models for, 111;

  • compared
    to Lieh nü chuan (Lives of illustrious
    women), 110-111;

  • date of, 108;

  • importance of, 107;

  • organization and
    content of, 1;

  • and secular influence,
    111;

  • sources of, 108-109

• Lo-yang ch'ieh-lan chi (Record of monasteries
  and convents in Lo-yang), 6

• Magic, 20, 30;

  • in Buddhism and Taoism,
    4

• Mahāprajāpatī Scripture: and model for
  women, 111

• Mahīshāsaka-vinaya (Wu fen lü), 112

• Marriage: rejection of, 7, 20, 26, 28, 49,
  84, 92, 105

• Meditation: competence in, 16;

  • five ways
    or five gates of, 97, 147 n. 54;

  • as heart
    of monastic life, 11;

  • and Taoism, 11,
    134 n. 96;

  • and trance in activity, 104;

  • and trance of immobility, 11, 53, 55,
    57, 59;

  • of visualizing the Buddha in
    one's presence, 81, 141 n. 62

• Ming seng chuan (Lives of famous
  monks), 107

• Misogyny in Buddhism, 1

• Monastic life: and beginnings for men in
  China, 5;

  • and beginnings for women in
    China, 1;

  • four essentials of, 82, 92, 98,
    141 n. 66;

  • and investigation by state, 5;

  • and translation of monastic rules, 5.
    See also Begging;

  • Begging bowl and
    staff; Burial;

  • Burning; Cult practice;

  • Diet;

  • Meditation;

  • Monastic rules;

  • Robe
    and begging bowl;

  • Robes and dress;

  • Scriptures, chanting; Suicide;

  • Teaching;

  • Tonsure; Vegetarianism;

  • Visions; Vow

• Monastic rules (vinaya): and authenticity
  of lineage, 9;

  • bestowing full obligation
    for rules upon nuns, 18;

  • and five sectarian
    divisions, 100, 148 n. 70;

  • lack of,
    hindering formation of Assembly of
    Nuns, 2;

  • number of, for nuns, 18,
    116 n. 6;

  • purpose of, 9;

  • transmission
    of, 9, 18, 19, 37-38, 54, 62-63, 70,
    86, 89

---

187




• Monasticism: and success as an institution,
  12

• Moon, phases of, as auspicious dates:
  eighth day, fourth month (Buddha's
  birthday), 51, 76, 40, 52;

  • eighth day,
    second month (Buddha's final nirvana),
    19, 67, 79-80, 80-81;

  • fifteenth day,
    first month (Lantern Festival), 65, 67;

  • fifteenth day, ninth month, 67;

  • fifteenth
    day, second month (Buddha's
    final nirvana), 85;

  • and suicide, 12

• Mother of Monasticism Scripture: teaching
  of, 103

• Murder, 30, 99

• Nuns: famous vs. ordinary, 8;

  • lives as
    proof of truth of Buddhist scriptures,
    12;

  • Mahāprajāpatī as first nun in the
    world, 15, 37;

  • as models, 15-16

• Offices: director of conventual affairs in
  the capital, 64;

  • rector of assembly, 62,
    63

• Omens: character for Buddha as, 76;

  • evil,
    30;

  • good (as signs of spiritual accomplishment),
    19, 22-23, 25, 39, 40, 41,
    51, 55, 68, 88, 89

• Philosophers, Hundred schools of nonBuddhist,
  95

• Pine tree: eating parts of, 10;

  • and immortality,
    10

• Poem composed by nun, 83

• Precepts: eight, 31, 69, 125 n. 83;

  • five,
    24, 41, 87, 122 n. 52, 143 n. 5;

  • ten, of a
    bodhisattva, 139 n. 35;

  • ten, of a novice,
    18, 45, 46, 100, 116 n. 7

• Prohibitions: eight special, for women,
  54, 133 n. 92; six, 129 n. 26

• Pure Talk, 29, 124 n. 74

• Record of Monasteries and Convents in
  Lo-yang (Lo-yang ch'ieh-lan chi), 6

• Records of the Three Treasures through
  the Ages (Li tai san pao chi), 107

• Refuges, three: called upon for help, 32;

  • ceremony of taking, 58;

  • to drive away
    nightmares, 97;

  • keep mind fixed on,
    24;

  • offering body to, 65, 80;

  • offer
    obeisance to, 15;

  • spiritual power of,
    31, 42

• Relics. See Sharīra

• Revelation: of doctrine, 34-35, 93,
  144 n. 32;

  • of texts, 67, 127 n. 112

• Rituals for Entering Monastic Life, 46

• Robe and begging bowl: as symbols of
  monastic life, 31, 74, 75

• Robes and dress: to conceal body only,
  77;

  • dyed robes with mud, 90;

  • expensive
    vestments, 21;

  • fine clothing, 36, 52,
    62, 87;

  • finely embroidered outer robes,
    22;

  • hempen clothing, 89;

  • rough and
    ragged monastic robes, 27, 35, 104;

  • same clothing in heat and cold, 76;

  • straw sandals and hempen robes, 43;

  • traditional color for robes in China,
    144 n. 17;

  • traditionally made from
    rags, 120 n. 27;

  • worn-out clothing, 59

• Samādhi, 79;

• thoughts in, 93

• Saving living beings, 49, 72, 79, 104

• Schools of Buddhism: Disciples' Vehicle
  (Hīnayāna, Small Vehicle), 1, 39,
  113 n. 4, 121 n. 50;

  • Great Vehicle
    (Mahāyāna), 1, 24, 39, 58, 77, 78, 93,
    113 n. 4;

  • 121 n. 50, 129 n. 29,

  • Mahāsānghika
    Sect, 19;

  • Sarvāstivada Sect,
    103;

  • Theravāda School, 113 n. 4,
    122 n. 50

• Scriptures, chanting: 10, 11, 22, 24, 29,
  41, 42, 49, 50, 101, 103, 104;

  • speed
    of, 11, 22, 34, 45, 50, 91, 95;

  • during
    suicide, 60, 65;

  • superior skill in, 68

• Scriptures, chanting from memory, 21,
  29, 34, 45, 50, 74;

  • number of, 55;

  • and
    sanctity, 11

• Scriptures, popular: Bodhisattva Kuanshih-yin
  Scripture, 24, 50, 111;

  • Flower
    Garland Scripture, 99;

  • Flower of the
    True Law Scripture, 1, 22, 27, 29, 34,
    41, 42, 49, 50, 91, 97, 98, 101, 103,
    105, 111;

  • Flower of the True Law
    

    ---

    188

    
    
    Scripture (chapter on the medicine
    king), 65;

  • Flower of the True Law
    Scripture (Universal Gate chapter), 31;

  • Great Final Nirvāna Scripture, 50, 74,
    87, 95, 99, 103;

  • Infinite Life Scripture,
    104;

  • Larger Perfection of Wisdom
    Scripture, 45, 47;

  • Sarvāstivāda Monastic
    Rules in Ten Recitations, 63, 88,
    101, 106;

  • Shrīmālā-devī-simhanādasūtra,
    73, 101, 104;

  • Shūrangamasamādhi-Scripture,
    39;

  • Smaller Perfection
    of Wisdom Scripture, 29, 34, 48;

  • Vimalakīrti-nirdesha-Scripture, 1, 29,
    34, 73, 78, 101, 124 n. 73

• Scythians, 19

• Sexes: relations between, 22

• Sharīra (relics), 66, 81, 137 n. 133;

  • and
    bones, 65;

  • and Buddha's housing,
    145 n. 37

• Social and political conditions, 64, 7374,
  102;

  • and barbarians, 3, 56, 70, 76,
    117 n. 12;

  • and Buddhism at time of
    entry into China, 2;

  • and plague, 32;

  • and political division of China, 3

• Social class and Buddhism, 3

• Social origins of monks and nuns, 7-8

• Sources for the Lives of the Nuns: Chin
  nan-ching ssu chi (Notes on the convents
  and monasteries of the southern
  capital of the Chin dynasty), 109;

  • Fa
    yüan chu lin (Forest of pearls in the
    garden of the law), 107-109;

  • Kuang
    hung ming chi (Extended collection
    making known the illustrious), 109;

  • Ming hsiang chi (Records of mysterious
    omens), 108-109

• Suicide by fire, 60, 80, 111, 146 n. 47;

  • ambivalence about, 11-12;

  • as ascetic
    ideal, 16, 52, 80-81;

  • as offering to the
    Buddha, 11;

  • and Taoism, 11

• Taoism, 29-30, 113 n. 9;

  • and animals,
    125 n. 91;

  • and Buddhism, 3-4, 4-5,
    29-30;

  • and death, 12, 19, 31, 126 n.
    96, 130 n. 41;

  • and diet, 10, 51;

  • and
    practice of swallowing the breath, 29;

  • trance in, 134 n. 96;

  • and Way of Yellow
    Emperor and Lao-tzu, 22, 29, 71

• Tathāgatha, 39, 129 n. 16

• Teaching: effectiveness of nuns', 8;

  • first
    nun who specialized in expounding the
    meaning of scripture, 29;

  • Flower of the
    Law Scripture, 97, 98, 103;

  • Great Final
    Nirvāna Scripture, 103;

  • important, 16;

  • influence of, 19;

  • master, 26;

  • Mother of
    Monasticism Scripture, 103;

  • of nun
    honored as spiritual teacher, 25;

  • saving
    people by, 23;

  • Shrīmālā Scripture, 73;

  • Smaller Perfection of Wisdom Scripture,
    29, 34;

  • Ten Stages Scripture, 103;

  • Vimalakīrti Scripture, 34, 73, 78

• Ten Stages Scripture, 103

• Tonsure, 18, 68

• Trance. See Meditation

• Vegetarianism: in China, 10;

  • in early
    Buddhism, 10;

  • and first precept of nonharm,
    10;

  • and Taoism, 10. See also
    Diet;

  • Feasts and fasts, vegetarian

• Vestments. See Robes and dress

• Vinaya. See Monastic rules

• Visions, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 60, 75, 88,
  90, 105;

  • of near-death, 45

• Vow: to burn body as worship offering,
  65;

  • to die rather than marry, 92;

  • fulfilled,
    41;

  • to leave household life, 49;

  • not to marry, 84, 105;

  • proof of, 39-40;

  • to be reborn in Tushita Heaven, 42;

  • to
    spread Buddhist religion, 104

• Vows: of bodhisattva, 38, 75

• Way of Yellow Emperor and Lao-tzu, 22,
  29, 71

• Wu fen lü (Mahīshāsaka-vinaya), 112

• Yellow Emperor and Lao-tzu, 22, 29, 71