University of Virginia Library

Texts Mentioned or Implied in the Biographies

All bibliographic references to the Taishō-shinshū-daizōkyō edition
(q.v.) of the Chinese Buddhist canon will be abbreviated T.

Bodhisattva Kuan-shih-yin Scripture (Kuan-shih-yin ching). In the Flower of
the Law Scripture.

Classic of History (Shu ching). In Shoo-king. Translated by James Legge.
Shanghai Publishing, 1904.

Dharmaguptaka Monastic Rules (Ssu fen pi-ch'iu-ni chieh-pen). Translated by
Buddhayashas (408-412), in the north in Ch'ang-an. T. 22, no. 1431.

Discourse on Abhidharma (P'i-t'an). There are at least ten different texts that
this abbreviated title could represent.

Discourse on the Completion of Reality (Ch'eng shih lun) (Satyasiddhishāstra).
Translated by Kumārajīva (401-409 or 413), in the north in
Ch'ang-an. T. 32, no. 1646.

Five Gates of Meditation Scripture (Wu men ch'an ching yao yung fa). Translated
by Buddhamitra and Dharmamitra (424-442), in the south in
Chien-k'ang. T. 15, no. 619.

Flower Garland Scripture (Hua-yen ching) (Avatamsaka-sūtra). Translated by
Buddhabhadra (408-429), in the north in Ch'ang-an. T. 9, no. 278.
The Flower Ornament Scripture: The Avatamsaka-sūtra. Translated
by Thomas Cleary. Boston: Shambala Publications, 1993.

Flower of the Law Scripture: (a) Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Law (Miao fa
lien hua ching) (Saddharmapundarīka-sūtra). Translated by Kumārajīva
(401-409 or 413), in the north in Ch'ang-an. T. 9, no. 262; (b)
Flower of the True Law (Cheng fa hua ching). Translated by Chu Fa-hu
(286), in the north in Ch'ang-an. T. 9, no. 263. Translated into
English from Kumārajīva's Chinese text by Leon Hurvitz, Scripture of
the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma: The Lotus Sutra. Columbia
University Press, 1976; also translated from Kumārajīva's Chinese text
is Burton Watson, The Lotus Sutra. New York: Columbia University
Press, 1993; and from the Sanskrit by H. Kern, The Saddharma-pundarīka,
or the Lotus of the True Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909.

Great Final Nirvāna Scripture (Ta pan nieh-p'an ching) (Mahā-parinirvānasūtra):
(a) Translated by T'an-wu-ch'an (421) in northwest China. T.
12, no. 374; (b) Translated by Hui-yen (ca. 433) in the south in Chien-k'ang.
T. 12, no. 375. This is a revision of no. 374; (c) (Ta pan ni-yüan

ching), translated by Fa-hsien (413-416) in the south in Chien-k'ang.
T. 12, no. 376.

Infinite Life Scripture (Wu liang shou ching) (Sukhāvatīvyūha-sūtra). Translated
by Sanghavarman (252), in the north in Lo-yang. T. 12, no. 360.
Translated from the Sanskrit by F. Max Müller, The Larger Sukhāvatīvyūha,
and The Smaller Sukhāvatīvyūha. In Sacred Books of the East,
vol. 49.

Kuan-shih-yin Scripture. See Bodhisattva Kuan-shih-yin Scripture.

Larger Perfection of Wisdom Scripture (Mo-ho pan-jo po-lo-mi ching) (Pañchavimshati-sāhasrikā-prajñāpāramitā-sūtra).
Translated by Kumārajīva
(401-409 or 413), in the north in Ch'ang-an. T. 8, no. 223.
Translated from the Sanskrit by E. Conze, The Large Sutra on the Perfection
of Wisdom: With the Divisions of the Abhisamayalankara.
Berkeley, Calif.: Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University
of California, Berkeley, 1974.

Lion's Roar of Queen Shrīmālā (Sheng-man shih-tzu hou i sheng ta fang pien
fang kuang ching) (Shrīmālā-simhanāda-sūtra). Translated by Gunabhadra
(443-468), in the south in Chien-k'ang. T. 12, no. 353. Translated
into English, The Lion's Roar of Queen Śrīmālā, by Alex and
Hideko Wayman. Columbia University Press: New York, 1974.

Lun yü (Lun yü cheng i) (Correct interpretation of the Analects). In Chu tzu
chi ch'eng (Complete collection of all the philosophers), 8 vols. Peking:
Chung-hua Publishing, 1954. For translations see Sources, Reference
Works, and Readings.

Mencius (Meng-tzu cheng i) (Correct interpretation of Mencius). In Chu tzu
chi ch'eng (Complete collection of all the philosophers), 8 vols. Peking:
Chung-hua Publishing, 1954. For translations see Sources, Reference
Works, and Readings.

Mother of Monasticism Scripture (P'i-ni mu ching) (Vinayamātrkā). Translator
unknown (350-431). T. 24, no. 1463.

Origin of Monastic Rules Scripture (Chieh yin-yüan ching) (alternate name:
Vinaya [Pi-nai-yeh]). Translated by Chu Fo-nien (ca. 385), in the north
in Ch'ang-an. T. 24, no. 1464.

Practice of Constant Meditation Scripture (Pan chou [san-mei] ching). T. 13,
no. 418. See also T. 13, nos. 417, 419.

Rituals for Entering the Monastic Life (of the Dharmaguptaka sect) (Chieh-mo,
Ssu fen pi-ch'iu-ni chieh-mo fa). Translated by Gunavarman
(431), in the south in Chien-k'ang. T. 22, no. 1434.

Sarvāstivāda Monastic Rules in Ten Recitations (Shih sung lü). Translated by
Punyatara, Dharmaruci, and Kumārajīva (ca. 406-410), in the north
in Ch'ang-an. T. 23, no. 1435.

Shrīmālā-devī-simhanāda-sūtra (Sheng-man shih-tzu hou i sheng ta fang pien

fang kuang ching) (Shrīmālā Scripture). See Lion's Roar of Queen
Śrīmālā.

Shūrangama Scripture (Shou-leng-yen san-mei ching) (Shūrangama [samādhi]
sūtra). Translated by Kumārajīva (401-409 or 413), in the north in
Ch'ang-an. T. 15, no. 642. Translated from Chinese as The Shuran-gama
Sutra. 7 vols. Commentary by Hsüan Hua. City of Ten Thousand
Buddhas, Talmage, CA: Buddhist Text Translation Society and
the International Institute for the Translation of Buddhist Texts, 19771980.

Smaller Perfection of Wisdom Scripture (Hsiao p'in pan-jo po-lo-mi ching)
(Astasāhasrikā-prajñāpāramitā-sūtra). Translated by Kumārajīva
(401-409 or 413). T. 8, no. 227. Translated from the Sanskrit by
E. Conze, The Perfection of Wisdom in 8,000 Lines and Its Verse Summary.
Wheel series no. 1. San Francisco: Four Seasons Foundation,
1973.

Ten-Stages Scripture (Shih ti ching) (Dashabhūmika-sūtra). This abbreviated
title probably refers to chap. 22 in the Flower Garland Scripture.

Universal Gate Chapter. Chapter in the Flower of the Law.

Vimalakīrti's Preaching Scripture (Vimalakīrti-nirdesha-sūtra): (a) Vimalakīrti
Scripture (Wei-mo-chieh ching). Translated by Chih Ch'ien
(220-252), in the south in Chien-k'ang. T. 14, no. 474; (b) Vimalakīrti's
Preaching Scripture (Wei-mo-chieh so shuo ching). Translated by
Kumārajīva (401-409 or 413), in the north in Ch'ang-an. T. 14, no.
475. Translated from Kumārajīva's Chinese text into English by
Charles Luk, The Vimalakīrti Nirdesa Sutra. Boston: Shambala Publications,
1990.