 | Catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia |  |
REGULATIONS, &c.
MATRICULATION.
To be admitted into the University, the student must be sixteen
years of age; but the Faculty are authorized to dispense with this
requisition in the case of application for admission by two brothers,
one of whom is under the age of sixteen.
If the applicant for admission has been a student at any other incorporated
seminary, he cannot be received, but on producing a certificate
from such seminary, or other satisfactory evidence to the Faculty,
with respect to his general good conduct.
Every student is free to attend the schools of his choice, and no
other than he chooses: Provided, that if under the age of twenty-one,
he shall attend at least three professors, unless he has the written
authority of his parent or guardian, or the Faculty shall for good
cause shewn allow him to attend less than three. The qualifications
of the student to enter the schools of Ancient Languages, Mathematics,
and Natural Philosophy, are tested by previous examinations.
Before a student matriculates, he is furnished with a copy of the
laws, which he is required to read. On matriculating, he signs a
written declaration, that he will conform to those laws, and, if he be
a resident student, that he has deposited with the Patron all the funds
in his possession.
COURSE OF INSTRUCTION.
In each school, there are three regular lectures a week; besides
which, there are in most of them extra lectures suited to the several
classes into which the school is divided. The mode of instruction is
by text-books and lectures, accompanied by rigid examinations. The
course pursued in each school, is as follows:
I.—ANCIENT LANGUAGES.
Professor Harrison.—In this school are taught the Latin and
Greek languages; the Greek and Roman History, Geography, and
Literature; and the Hebrew language. The instruction is given partly
by lectures and examinations, and partly by comments on portions of
the text-books appointed to be read by the student. It embraces the
following subjects, distributed according to the classes.
I. Junior Latin.—1. General principles and doctrines of the Etymology.
2. The application of these general principles in the explanation
of the formation and composition of the words of the language, considered
individually, and without regard to their relations to other
words in a sentence.
The doctrine of the primary and secondary significations of words
is considered in connection with this branch of the subject, and is
illustrated in the lectures from day to day as occasion may offer.
3. The accidence, or inflectional forms of words, expressing the
relations in which they stand to other words in a sentence. These
modifications of the forms of words are in like manner explained by
the application of the general principles of the Etymology.
4. The Syntax, or laws which govern the relations existing between
the several parts of a sentence or discourse, whether indicated by the
inflections of words, or by particles. This subject is treated of partly
in lectures specially devoted to it, partly by way of prelections and
comment on the portions of authors read in the lecture room, and
partly in connection with the written exercises.
For the above subjects the text-books are the Professor's printed
notes, Beck's Latin Syntax, containing the most important parts of
the Syntax of Zumpt's Latin Grammar.
5. The doctrine of the quantity of syllables, and the metres. The
students are advised to use Carey's Latin Prosody, or Anthon's Prosody,
which contains what is most useful in Carey's.
6. The Latin authors used as text-books are Horace, Virgil, Cicero's
Orations, and his Epistles ad Diversos, Terence, and Cæsar's
Commentaries. The last chiefly with a view to the written exercises.
II. Senior Latin.—1. Prelections and commentaries on portions
of the classic authors, embracing, besides the other matters necessary
for the better understanding of these, a further developement of
the doctrines of philology taught in the Junior Class.
The text-books are Horace, Juvenal, Livy, and Tacitus.
2. Geography of Ancient Italy.—The Professor's printed notes
form the text-book. The maps of ancient and modern Italy, published
by the "Society for the diffusion of useful knowledge," are
recommended.
3. Roman History. This subject is taught by prelections, and by
examinations on the text-books. These are the History of Rome
published by the "Society for the diffusion of useful knowledge,"
Niebuhr's History of Rome, Ferguson's Roman Republic, and Heeren's
Manual.
III. Junior Greek.—1. The Etymology, considered in its general
principles and in its applications, the Syntax, and the Prosody and
metres, are taught to this class in the same way as to the Junior Latin.
For these subjects Buttmann's larger Greek Grammar is the textbook.
Thiersch's Tables of the Greek verb, by Patton, are referred
to and recommended.
The Greek authors read and explained in the lecture room, are
Xenophon's Anabasis, Herodotus, and a play of Æschylus or Euripides.
The Greek and English Lexicon of Donnegan is that preferred.
IV. Senior Greek.—1. Prelections and commentaries on portions
of the Greek classic authors, in the same way as in the Senior Latin
class, and embracing the like subjects.
The Greek authors used as text-books in this class are Euripides,
Sophocles, Thucydides, and Homer. The student should have Matthiae's
Greek Grammar, 5th edition of the translation.
2. Ancient Geography of Greece. The printed notes of the Professor
form the text.
3. Ancient History of Greece. It is taught by prelections, and by
examinations on the text-books. These are Thirlwall's History of
Greece, Gillies' History of Greece, or the History of Greece in the
Library of Useful Knowledge, and Heeren's Manual.
It is expected of the students of Latin and Greek that they shall
read in their rooms such authors and parts of authors, prescribed by
the professor, as cannot be read in the lecture room: e. g.: Cicero's
Epistles to Atticus, his Orations (selected,) and Treatise "de Republica;"
Sallust, Virgil, Terence, Plautus: Æschylus, Sophocles,
Euripides, Aristophanes, Demosthenes, Æschines, Thucydides, &c.
As an essential part of the plan of instruction, the students of
each class are required to furnish written exercises; which consist
in the conversion of Latin or Greek into English, and of English
into Latin or Greek. The exercises are examined by the Professor,
and the errors marked: they are then returned to the students, and
the corrections stated and explained in the presence of the class.
For these exercises the classic authors are used as the text.
V. Hebrew.—The text-books are Biblia Hebraica, Bush's or Nordheimer's
Hebrew Grammar, and Gesenii Lexicon Manuale Hebr. et
Chald., or Sauerwein's edition of Rehkopf's Lex. Hebr. Chald.
II.—MODERN LANGUAGES.
Professor Kraitsir.—The subjects taught in this School are:
I. The French, Italian, Spanish, German, and Anglo-Saxon languages
and their literature. In each of these there are two classes.
The instruction is given by lectures, examinations, translations and
comments in the lecture room, and by written exercises out of the
lecture room.
II. The Geography, Ethnography, and History of Europe, since
the fall of the Roman empire to the present day.
If desired, there will be taught the other principal dialects of the
three great families of European tongues, namely; 1st, the Roman
(or language of the Troubadours), Portuguese and Valachian; 2d,
the Danish, Swedish, Icelandish, and Hollandish; 3d, the Slavonian,
Bohemian, Polish, and Russian. The Magyar (or Hungarian), differing
from all these, can also be taught.
The text-books are the principal classic authors in each language,
Wm. Russell's History of Modern Europe, and Fred. Schlegel's Lectures
on the History of Ancient and Modern Literature.
It is required that two Degrees be obtained in this School, before
that of A. M. will be conferred.
III.—MATHEMATICS.
Professor Courtenay.—In this school there are four classes.
Of these, the Junior commences with the theory of Arithmetic, the
student being supposed to have rendered himself practically familiar
with its various rules before entering the University. The elements
of Algebra are then taught, and after the first difficulties are mastered,
the subjects of Algebra and Synthetic Geometry, are pursued
simultaneously.
In the second or Intermediate Class, after completing the course of
Algebra and Geometry, commenced in the preceding class, there are
taught successively the theory of Plane and Spherical Trigonometry,
with the application of the former to the measurement of heights and
distances, and of the latter to Nautical Astronomy, the theory and
practice of Land Surveying and Levelling, Navigation, Descriptive
Geometry, with its applications to Spherical Projections, and the elementary
principles of Analytical Geometry.
The Senior Class completes the subject of Analytical Geometry,
and subsequently studies the Differential Calculus, concluding the
course of Pure Mathematics with the Integral Calculus.
There is also a class of Mixed Mathematics, designed exclusively
for such of the more advanced students as may desire to study the
subjects taught therein.
The course embraces the mathematical investigation of the general
laws of equilibrium and motion, both of solids and fluids, with a
variety of applications, especially to Physical Astronomy.
It consists chiefly of selections from the works of Poisson, Francœur,
Pontecoularet and others.
The instruction in each class is conveyed partly by lectures, and
partly by the systematic study of approved text-books, the student
being assisted by full and frequent explanations from the Professor,
and being constantly subjected to rigid examinations. The progress
of the student in every class is also tested by his being required to
perform written exercises, in which the principles acquired are applied
to the solution of particular problems.
The text-books used are: For the Junior Class, Lacroix's Arithmetic,
Davies's Bourdon's Algebra, and Legendre's Geometry. For
the Intermediate Class, Bourdon's Algebra, Legendre's Geometry and
Trigonometry, Davies's Surveying, Descriptive Geometry and Analytical
Geometry. For the Senior Class, Davies's Analytical Geometry,
Young's Differential Calculus, and Young's Integral Calculus.
Any student entering the school has the privilege of attending all
or any of the classes, as he may elect, and if prepared to enter an
advanced class, may often find it highly advantageous to review his
previous studies by an attendance on a lower class also.
IV.—NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
Professor Rogers.—There are two classes in this school, viz:
The general or Junior, and the Senior Class. In the former, the
illustrations are experimental and graphical, with occasional references
to the elementary truths of Geometry and Algebra. In the latter
mathematical demonstration is almost exclusively employed, sometimes
involving the use of the calculus.
The various subjects embraced in this school are treated of in the
following order, viz:
Mechanics, including Statics, Dynamics, Laws of Impulse and
Pressure, and Corpuscular Forces, Strength of Materials, Friction and
Machinery; Astronomy; Hydrodynamics, including Hydrostatics,
Hydraulics, Capillary Attraction, &c.; Pneumatics; Acoustics;
Heat, including Meteorology and the Steam Engine; Electricity and
Galvanism; Magnetism; Electro-Magnetism; Optics.
The text-books referred to in the Junior Class, are Lardner's Mechanics,
Hydrostatics and Pneumatics; Brewster's Optics by Bache;
Herschell's Astronomy; Library of Useful Knowledge, 2 vols. Nat.
Philos. The text-books in the Senior Class are, in addition to those
above enumerated, Young's Analytical Mechanics; Norton's Astronomy;
Bache's Appendix to Brewster's Optics. The student is also
referred to a selection of Theorems in Mechanics, Hydrodynamics,
Pneumatics, &c., made by the Professor.
In the Senior Class the students are examined upon the subjects of
lecture in the Junior Class, as well as the mathematical demonstrations
referred to in their text-books and notes.
The apparatus provided for the school of Natural Philosophy is
extensive, and enables the Professor to illustrate every part of his
course by experiments in the presence of his class. An Observatory,
with its appropriate astronomical instruments, is attached to this
school.
Geology and Mineralogy form a part of the subjects embraced
in this school. Members of the class of Natural Philosophy are entitled
to enter that of Geology and Mineralogy without additional fee.
In Geology the practical and descriptive portions of the Science
are chiefly dwelt upon, particular reference being made to the geological
features of our own country.
In Mineralogy only those objects are treated of in detail which are
interesting in an economical point of view, or important in connection
with Geology.
Text-books.—In Geology—Lyell's Elements, and Bakewell or Dela
Beche. In Mineralogy—Allen's, Phillip's, or any of the elementary
works.
V.—CIVIL ENGINEERING.
This school comprises the following branches of instruction, viz:
I.—Graphical Mathematics, embracing Descriptive Geometry, Perspective
Mensuration, &c.
II.—Theory of Levelling and Surveying, both ordinary and topographical.
III.—Theory of Roads, Railroads, Canals, Bridges, &c.
IV.—Theoretical Mechanics, Hydrostatics and Hydrodynamics, as
connected with Engineering.
V.—Laws of Heat and Steam, Theory and Construction of the
Steam Engine.
VI.—Geology and Mineralogy.
VII.—Levelling, Surveying, &c., taught practically in the field.
VIII.—Plan Drawing, Plotting, Topographical Drawing and
Sketching.
The subjects named under the six first heads are divided between
the Professors of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. Those included
under the 7th and 8th heads are taught by the Teacher of
Drawing, under the superintendence of the Professor above mentioned.
VI.—CHEMISTRY.
Professor R. E. Rogers.—This subject included in the medical
as well as the general academic course, and forming a department of
the school of Chemistry and Materia Medica, may be studied separately,
or in conjunction with the latter.
The Lectures, which are delivered twice a week throughout the
session, embrace a very full illustration of all the topics of theoretical
or practical importance in the science, and in its applications to
Mineralogy, Geology, the Chemical Arts, Agriculture and Physiology.
Beginning with an account of the phenomena and laws of Heat,
Light and Electricity, Mechanical and Voltaic, the course next takes
up the doctrines of chemical reaction, presenting a full and minute
view of the principles of definite combination, with their hypothetical
expression in the form of the atomic theory, and illustrating
these doctrines by numerous experiments and drawings. To this
succeeds Pneumatic Chemistry, in which are discussed the preparation,
properties and applications of the various gaseous bodies and
their compounds.
This is followed by the detailed account of the metals, their oxides,
chlorides, and other compounds, connecting with each metal the
chemical history of its important salts. A resumè is now given, accompanied
by illustrations of the various processes of analysis deduced
from the preceding facts.
Organic Chemistry is next taken up, embracing an account of all
the more important organic acids, alkaloids and neutral principles,
the doctrine Eremacausis and the chemistry of nutrition,
growth, respiration, &c. as exhibited in the vegetable and
animal economy. In connection with these topics, minute experimental
illustrations are given of all the valuable processes for the detection
of poisons, and for the counteracting their effects.
Throughout the course, use is continually made of ample diagrams,
illustrating the chemical reactions according to the precise method
of equivalents now in use, and the bearings of the recent generalizations
of Graham, Dumas and Leibig, are particularly referred to.
VII.—MORAL PHILOSOPHY.
Professor Tucker.—There are two classes in this school. The
Junior Class studies Rhetoric, Belles-Letters and Logic the first half
of the session, and Belles-Letters and Ethics the last half.
The Senior Class studies Mental Philosophy the first part of the
session, and Political Economy the last. The examinations are on
the Professor's Lectures, Brown's Philosophy, Say's Political Economy,
Smith's Wealth of Nations, the Professor's works on Money and
Banks, and Rents, Wages and Profits.
In the Junior Class the examinations are on the Professor's Lectures,
Blair's Lectures, Campbell's Rhetoric, Stewart's Active and
Moral Powers, and Whately's Logic.
The students in this school are also exercised in composition.
VIII.—LAW.
Professor H. St. G. Tucker.—This school is arranged into two
classes. The subjects studied by the Junior Class are the Elementary
Principles of Municipal Law, the Law of Nature and Nations,
the Science of Government, and Constitutional Law. The text books
used will be Blackstone's Commentaries, that portion of Kent's Commentaries
which treats of Constitutional Law and the Law of Nations,
the Federalist, the Virginia Report of '99; in addition to which
ample lectures are delivered on the connection between the Law of
Nature and Municipal Law; on the Science of Government and its
various forms, particularly the representative and federative; and on
the various topics of Constitutional Law discussed in the text books.
In the arrangement of the political part of this course, the Professor's
object has been to lay before the student the most able dissertations
on both sides of the great constitutional questions which have
arisen in our country; to impress upon his mind the inestimable value
of the union on the one hand, and the vital importance of preserving
the rights of the states on the other; thus guarding him
against latitudinarian constructions and the invasion of the reserved
rights of the states, while the disorganizing principles which lead to
convulsion and disunion are earnestly discarded and industriously
controverted.
The subjects studied by the Senior Class are the Common and Statute
Law, the Principles of Equity and the Maritime and Commercial
Law. The text books will be Stephens on Pleading, Tucker's
Commentaries, Smith's Mercantile Law and Starkie's Evidence.
The following additional works will be useful to the student for
occasional examination: Thomas's Coke, Lomax on Executors and
Lomax's Digest.
Junior Class.—Paley's Philosophy, Constitution of Virginia.
Those who desire to graduate are required to attend both classes.
The design of this arrangement is to embrace in the Junior
course those studies which not only form an essential part of a liberal
professional education, but which from their universal interest and
importance, constitute a highly useful branch of general education:
whilst the Senior course is exclusively occupied with the study of
the theory and practice of Law, as a profession.
Students can attend either or both the classes; and those not wishing
to study Municipal Law at all, can enter for that portion of the
Junior course which includes National Law, Government and Constitutional
Law.
On the text books of both classes, comments are delivered by the
Professor, in which it is his object to supply what is deficient, and
explain what is obscure in the text, and to offer such remarks as he
deems necessary to a thorough understanding of the subject under
consideration. In those on Municipal Law, he refers to the leading
cases and authorities, American and English, illustrative of the topic
treated by the author, and particularly explains in its appropriate connection,
the Statute Law of Virginia and the United States, and its
effects on the pre-existing law. Each lecture is preceded by an examination
on the last, together with its text.
By a recent act of the legislature a diploma in this school dispenses
with the necessity of a license from the judges.
EXAMINATIONS.
There are two public examinations of all the students each session,
the one at such convenient time about the middle of the session as
the Faculty shall appoint; the other at the close of the session.
These are thus conducted: The Professor of the School prepares
in writing a series of questions to be proposed to the class, and affixes
to them numerical values, according to his estimate of their relative
difficulty. On the assembling of the class for examination,
these questions are for the first time presented to them; and they are
required to answer them in writing in a prescribed time, without
communication with one another or with other persons, and without
any reference to books. Their answers are subsequently carefully
examined and compared, and a value attached to each, not exceeding
that of the corresponding question. In the schools of languages,
subjects may also be selected for oral examination, and the values of
these exercises are marked at the time.
The students are then arranged into four divisions according to
the merit of their examination, as determined by the following method:
The numerical values attached to all the questions are added
together, and also the values of the answers given by each student.
If this last number amounts to three fourths of the first, the student
is ranked in the first division; if it be less than three fourths, and as
much as one half, in the second; if less than one half, and as much
as a fourth, in the third; if less than a fourth, in the fourth division.
The examinations are conducted and the results ascertained by a
committee, consisting of the Professor of the school and two other
Professors.
The standing of each student at the examinations is communicated
to his parent or guardian; and the names of those who are in the first
division are announced on the public day, at the close of the session,
and published in one or more of the newspapers of the state.
DEGREES.
Three honorary distinctions are conferred in this Institution; a
Certificate of Proficiency—that of Graduate in any school—and that
of Master of Arts of the University of Virginia.
The first, the Faculty may confer on any student who shall, on
examination, give satisfactory evidence of a competent acquaintance
with any of those particular branches which according to the regulations,
may be separately attended in a school. The second, they are
authorized to confer on any student who shall, on examination, give
satisfactory evidence of his proficiency in the general studies of any
of the schools. And the third, is obtained by graduation, in the
schools of Ancient Languages, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy,
Chemistry, and Moral Philosophy, and in any two of the Modern
Languages. But in all cases, to obtain a diploma or certificate of
proficiency, the candidate must give the Faculty satisfactory proof of
his ability to write the English language correctly.
No particular period of study is prescribed for the acquisition of
these honours. The student obtains them whenever he can undergo
the rigid examinations to which the candidates for them are subjected.
The title of Doctor of Medicine is conferred on graduates in the
Medical department, and that of Bachelor of Laws on graduates in
the School of Law.
On the last day of the session, the Visiters, Faculty, Officers, and
Students, assemble in the Rotunda, and the public are invited to attend.
On this occasion, the certificates and diplomas are awarded to
the successful candidates, and the results of the examinations are announced.
EXPENSES, &c.
The expenses for the session of upwards of nine months, (commencing
the 1st of October, and ending the 4th of July following,) are
as follows:
| Board, including bed and other room furniture, washing and attendance, |
110 |
| Fuel and candles, to be furnished by the Proctor, at cost, and 5 per cent. commission, estimated, if only one student in the dormitory, at $ 30, if two students in the dormitory, at |
15 |
| Rent of an entire dormitory $ 16; for half, if occupied by two students, |
8 |
| Use of the Library and public rooms, | 15 |
| Fees—if one Professor be attended, $ 50; if two, each $ 30; if more than two, each $ 25—say, |
75 |
| Total, exclusive of books and stationery, clothing and pocket money, |
$ 223 |
In addition to the regular fee, $ 20 is paid by students who attend
the Senior Class in the School of Law.
The fee for attending the class of Materia Medica in the School
of Chemistry; of Medical Jurisprudence in the School of Medicine;
and of National Law, Government, and Constitutional Law, in the
School of Law, by those who do not attend those schools, is $ 15
each.
Ministers of the Gospel, and young men preparing for the ministry,
may attend any of the schools of the University, without payment
of fees to the Professors.
Boarding-houses are provided within the precincts for the accommodation
of students; and no student is permitted to board or lodge
out of the precincts, unless in the family of his parent or guardian. Except,
that students above the age of twenty-one years may reside out
of the precincts, in such private boarding-houses as the Faculty may
approve.
Every student resident within the precincts, is required, on matriculating,
to deposit with the Patron, all the money, checks, bills,
drafts, and other available funds, which he shall have in his possession,
or under his control, in any manner intended to defray his expenses
while at the University, or on his return from thence to his
residence. Nor shall he matriculate, till he shall have deposited a
sum at least sufficient, after deducting the Patron's commission, (two
per cent.) to pay for the use of his dormitory and the public rooms,
to pay the fees of the Professors whom he may design to attend, to
pay three months board to his hotel-keeper, to purchase the text-books
and stationery which he may want at the commencement, and twenty
dollars on account of fuel and candles, and ten dollars to cover contingent
charges and assessments against him for injuries to the buildings,
&c., which two last mentioned sums are credited in the final
settlement of his accounts. In like manner, he shall deposit with
University, for the purpose aforesaid. At the end of the first three
months of the session, he shall deposit enough to pay his board and
other expenses for the next three months; and at the expiration of
the second period of three months, he shall deposit enough to pay his
board and other expenses for the residue of the session.
Students resident out of the University, are required on matriculating,
to deposit with the Patron funds sufficient, after deducting the
Patron's commission, to pay the fees of Professors whom they may
propose to attend, the sum charged for the use of the public rooms,
and ten dollars to cover contingent charges.
The expenses of the students resident in the University, are limited
as follows: for board, the use of the dormitory and public rooms, and
tuition fees, the sums before stated; for clothing during the session,
not exceeding a hundred dollars; for pocket money during the session,
a sum not exceeding forty-five dollars; for books or stationery,
whatever the parent or guardian may think fit to allow; for medicine
and medical attendance whatever may be necessary. These are in
no case to be exceeded, unless under special circumstances, the Faculty
shall allow it.
The act of the legislature prohibiting merchants and others, under
severe penalties, from crediting students, is here strictly enforced.
The license to contract debts which the Chairman is authorized to
grant, is confined (except where the parent or guardian otherwise in
writing, requests,) to cases of urgent necessity; and these, it is hoped
that parents and guardians will, as far as possible, prevent from arising,
by the timely supply of the requisite funds.
The Faculty at their discretion, may allow any man, of undoubted
moral character, above the age of twenty-three years, to attend lectures
in any of the schools of the University, and to reside out of the
precincts, exempt from the rules and regulations prescribed for the government
of students; except only, that he shall pay the usual Professors'
fees, and the usual compensation for the use of the public rooms,
and shall observe all those laws of the Institution which enjoin respectful
and orderly deportment. But the privilege so allowed may
be withdrawn by the Faculty, at any time, when in their opinion it
has been used to the evil example of the students, or otherwise to the
injury of the Institution.
At the end of every month, a circular letter is addressed by the
Chairman of the Faculty to the parent or guardian of each student,
in which are stated his absences from the lectures he was bound to
attend, and any other irregularities of which he may be guilty that
month; together with such information as to the student's progress
and conduct as it may be deemed proper to communicate.
Divine service is performed at the University every Sunday, by the
Chaplain, who is appointed in turn from the four principal religious
denominations of the state.
| Catalogue of the officers and students of the University of Virginia | |