Grammatical Sketch of Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache Originially published by University of Chicago Press, © 1938, All rights reserved. |
4.Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns |
Grammatical Sketch of Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache | ||
4.Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns
The interrogative and indefinite pronouns are expressed by identical forms, a context being required to distinguish them. Four of the stems, ha'-, há-, haa-, and haad-, occur only with enclitics; the fifth, 'iyáa- [also heard yáa] may occur alone. Examples:
ha'-shíͅ gahée náyíńjaa from somewhere they had brought back coffee.
ha'-yá-hee 'iłyaałdił they went away somewhere [-hee dubitative enclitic].
ha'-yá-hee 'ijałgho where has he gone?
hááńń shaanáyin'áͅ who has taken it from me?
doo-há-ń- yégósiͅ-da no one knows about them [doo-...-da negative; yégósiͅ they know about them].
há-ń bik'ehgodaanndáń whoever is in charge of our lives.
doo-ha-dáͅ-daa'íͅ-da-í that which they had never seen before [doo...da negative, -dáͅ at that time, daa'íͅ they see it, -í relative enclitic].
doo-há-shíͅ-ła'jóláhát'é-da it was impossible to get one from anywhere [há-shíͅ from anywhere].
dáá-há- zhiͅ always [literally: to just any time].
haa-ee tsénaagháná where is there a rolling stone?
dá-haa-ee 'iłyałtsééłee wherever you see one another.
haad-ń heeł shaanáyin'áͅ who has taken the pack from me?
dáá-haad-ń k'eeshnndiiń anyone whom one hates.
haad-í nk'a'go what are your arrows?
dáá-haad-í daajiyáͅí anything that they eat.
'iyáa-shíͅ yiyáͅshiͅ what does he eat? [-shiͅ dubitative enclitic].
'iyáa 'át'éí whatever it was.
'iyáa 'ist'enní'iͅiͅí something that I have left over there.
'iyáa ńndí what did you say?
Grammatical Sketch of Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache | ||