Grammatical Sketch of Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache Originially published by University of Chicago Press, © 1938, All rights reserved. |
Grammatical Sketch of Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache | ||
11. Object Pronoun Prefixes
The object pronoun prefixes are as
follows:
Person | Singular | Dual | Distributive |
1 | shi- | nahi- | daanahi- |
2 | ni- | ||
3 | bi- | góbi- | daabi-, daagóbi- |
3 | yi- | góyi- | daayi-, daagóyi- |
3a | go- | go- | daago- |
Indef. | 'i- | 'i- | daa'i- |
The reflexive pronoun is 'á- or 'ád-, the former preceding a consonant, the latter a vowel. The reciprocal prefix is 'ił-.
The two third person prefixes are distinguished as follows. The third person object is ordinarily indicated by zero when the subject is other than third person, and by yi- when the subject is also third person. Some verbs, however, require the third person to be expressed in all forms; in these, the prefix bi- is employed when the subject is other than third person.
When any of the prefixes are followed by a vocalic suffix, they lose their vowels. The 3a prefix, under such circumstances, becomes k-.
Grammatical Sketch of Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache | ||