The Gambling Game for Night and Day, Chiricahua Apache Text excerpted from Chiricahua Apache Texts, with Ethnological Notes |
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7. The Gambling Game for Night and Day
as told by Lawrence Mithlo
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 | The Gambling Game for Night and Day, Chiricahua Apache Text |  |
7. The Gambling Game for Night and Day as told by Lawrence Mithlo
Now, also, there was no day.
1. dooiłkaadaná'a 'there was no day, it is said'. hiłkaa, imp. of hi-...[si- perf.]-ł-kaa 'day dawns' [act. intr.].
That--these birds of the kind that fly [and] all the small [creatures] did not like [it that, it was always dark].
'Áí--díídíí 'izháshee'át'éí naadaa'i n diishégo daabizáͅáͅyéí díík'eh dáchaagołheełnáánóółt'eeí doobiłdanzhóͅdaná'a.
'Ákoo łashégoí dábeenégodzi'íná bijádedaadíͅíͅ'íná 'át'íͅná'a.
Áí díík'eh díídíídáchaagołheełgoná biłnzhóͅná'a.
And those on the other side were only the predatory [creatures] that had four legs.
All of these liked it that there was only darkness.
1. naadaa'indiishégo 'they, being of the kind that fly'. 3rd person distrib. imp. of naa-'i- ...[si- perf.]-ndii 'several fly about' [act. intr.; 'i- indef. deictic prefix?] plus -shé 'side, kind' [pp.].
2. dáchaagołheełnáánóółt'eeí 'that it was always very dark'. dá- 'very'; chaagołheeł, imp. with place subj. of chaa-...[hi- perf.]-ł-gheeł 'to become dark' [act. intr.; chaa- thematic?]; náánóółt'ee 'always' [part.].
3. łashégoí 'those being of the other side'. ła- 'other'; -shé 'side, kind'.
4. dábeenégodzi'íná 'were only those who are feared'. dá-...-ná 'only, just'. négodzi' 'danger, there is danger, it is dangerous', presumably an imp. neut. intr. verb with place subject and prefix né-. bee- 'with them, by means of them'. Literally, the text form means: 'only those by means of whom there is danger'.
5. bijádedaadíͅíͅ'íná 'only those who had four legs'. bijáde 'their legs'; daa- distrib.; díͅíͅ' 'four'; -í relative; -ná 'only'.
Then:
1. bíká 'for it'. -ká 'for, in order to' requires a high tone on its prefixes.
2. 'iłaajíkágo 'they, coming together'. 3a person imp. of 'ił-aa-ni-...[ni- perf.]-ká 'several come together, meet' [act. intr.]. 'ił- reciprocal; aa- 'to'; ni- completive.
3. baayá'iti 'there is to be discussion about it'. baa- 'about it'. yá'iti, 3rd person imp. with indef. subj. of yá-...[hi- perf.]-ti 'a discussion is held' [act. intr.; yá- thematic]. See linguistic note to Chiricahua text 6.7, §2.
They talked about it.
Then:
1. hiká 'day'. Cf. note 7.1.
2. baadaa'deekaa 'let's gamble for it'. baa- 'for it, about it'; daa- distrib. 'i-di...[si- or hi- perf.]-kaa 'to gamble' [act. intr.]. The text form is 1st person distrib. perf.
Then they began to play the moccasin game.
'Ákoo kéhee daa'shdeeskaaná'a.
'Ákoo 'áńdeeda daa'shdeeskaaná'a.
'Ákoo k'adi 'ánágat'iͅiͅł 'iłch'áͅnáágonahndééł.
And then they began to gamble.
And now it was happening [that] each side won and lost alternately.
1. kéhee 'moccasin [or stick] game' [see Ethnological Notes, 7.1]. Cf. ké 'bone used in moccasin game'.
2. 'ánágat'iͅiͅł 'it was happening'. 3rd person prog. of 'á-ná-go-...[hi- perf.]-t'ii 'something happens, goes on' [act. intr.]. 'á- 'thus so'; ná- 'again' [?]; go- place subject [?].
3. 'iłch'áͅnáágonahndééł 'each side won and lost alternately'. 'iłch'áͅ 'from one another'. náágonahndééł, 3rd person prog. of náá-go-ni-...[si- perf.]-d-ndé ' a game is won again and again' [act. intr.]. náá- 'again and again' requires the -d- class. go- place subj. referring to 'game' [?]. ni- terminative.
////The moccasin game is played at night and in the winter only. Should the game continue into the day the contestants must blacken their faces with charcoal. Sides are chosen [both men and women play and the sides are not limited as to number] and a fire is kindled. On its side of the fire each group buries four moccasins in a row, leaving only the open tops visible. The object of the game is for one side to hide a bone in one of the four moccasins so sucessfully that the other side cannot guess in which moccasin the bone lies. When one side is prepared to hide the bone, a blanket is held between the two opposing groups. While the hiding of the bone is in progress, the side in possession of the bone sings songs which the participants in the first game reputedly sang at that time. Thus there is a song concerning every being who took part in the game for night or day. Where the bone has been hidden and the moccasin tops have been filled with grass, the blanket is lowered and someone of the other side steps forward, stick in hand, to strike the moccasin which he thinks contains the bone. If he is correct in his guess, the bone passes to his side and it is his side which will do the hiding. Should he miss the right moccasin, however, his side has to give their opponents a number of yucca counters, the number depending upon the position of the moccasin chosen in respect to the one which really contained the bone. If the representative of one side misses the bone, it remains in the possesion of the opposition and they proceed to hide the bone again until a correct guess takes it away from them. The game ends when all of the counters are in the possession of one side. This was one of the most common of Chiricahua Apache gambling games. Not only was the betting high between the groups on the final outcome of the game, but there were also many individual wagers laid at each stroke of the stick.
////There are other ways of guessing where the bone lies besides striking the moccasin with a stick, and other tricks of hiding besides placing the bone in one of the moccasins. All these variations have their rules and count, but the details are too numerous and complex to discuss here.
Now then, that Wren wanted the day.
K'adi 'ákoo, 'áń Tséńłghéésee 'áń hiłkaa hát'íͅná'a.
'Ákoo łashégo ndédantsaaí 'áí doohádaat'íͅdaná'a hiłkaaí.
'Ákoo ndébizháͅáͅyéí 'áí hiłkaa hádaat'íͅná'a.
And the big fellows on the other side did not want the day.
And the little fellows did want the day.
1. Tséńłghéésee 'wren'. t sé 'rock, stone'. -ńłghéés- resembles the 2nd person imp. of di-...[si- perf.]-l-ghéés 'to dodge, twist, turn' [mediopas.; di- becomes n- in the second person]. - ee may be an archaic relative enclitic. Therefore, the form may mean literally: 'you who dodge about rocks'.
2. hiłkaa hát'íͅná'a 'he wanted day, it is said'. hiłkaa 'day is dawning' is here used as a noun [cf. notes 7.1 and 7.4, §1]. hát'íͅ, 3rd person of há-...-t'íͅ 'to want, to desire' [imp. neut. intr.]. See note 2.6, §1.
3. n dédantsaaí 'the big fellows'. n dé 'person'. dantsaa, 3rd person distrib. of ni-...-tsaa 'to be big' [imp. neut. intr.].
Then the others, speaking thus again,
Ákoo łií 'ánáádaandíí,
And the others:
hiiskáͅ hayóółkáͅ 'morning has dawned'. hiiskáͅ, 3rd person perf. of hi-...[si- perf.]-ł-kaa 'day dawns' [act. intr.] is here used as a noun. hayóółkáͅ, 3rd person perf. of ha-yi-...[hi- perf.]-ł-kaa 'day dawns, morning breaks' [act. intr.; ha- 'out' ?]. yi- in this form is probably cognate with the hi- of the preceding verb.
And now the former:
'Ákoo k'adí náánáłií:
Someone who was very big
'Iyáahee ntsaaí 'áá'ee naa'itaná'a.
'Ákoo 'oóyáná'a.
And he went away.
1. naa'itaná'a 'he was among them, it is said'. 3rd person imp. with indef. obj. of naa-|...[si- perf.]-ta 'to be among' [act. tr.; naa-| 'about'].
2. doohaͅhnaashádaí 'I who cannot move about rapidly'. naasha 'I move about' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 1.6, §1]; haͅh 'rapidly, quickly'.
3. nahba'hoshááł 'I'll go on before you'. nah- 2nd person dual pronoun; -ba' 'before'; hoshááł, 3rd person prog. of -yá' 'one moves'.
4. 'oóyáná'a 'he went away, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of 'i-|...[hi- perf.]-yá 'one goes away' [act. intr.; 'i-| 'away'].
Giant of Chiricahua text 1.2 is probably meant, for he plays the part in other versions that have been collected. Note the reference to his slow-footedness.
Then, there at the borders of his back, there the day had come.
And they began to fight with one another.
1. bitł'aabaͅaͅyá 'at the borders of his back'. - tł'aa 'back, buttocks'; -baͅaͅ 'edge, border'.
2. 'iłeedaa'jiniigáͅná'a 'they began to fight with one another, it is said'. 3a person distrib. imp. of 'ił- ee-'i-ni-|...[ni- perf.]-gáͅ 'to begin to fight' [act. intr.]. 'ił- reciprocal pronoun; ee-'i-ni-| 'to begin to do ...' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 2.11, §1]. This theme, i. e., - gáͅ, is possibly a -d- form of -gháͅ 'to kill several'. The verb 'to fight' always requires the reciprocal prefix 'ił- and this prefix requires the -d- class. Therefore, the verb 'to fight' probably means literally; 'to kill one another'.
Many informants claim to have seen the place; to have seen the gap in the cliff through which light first streamed, to have seen the rock crevice, with the arrows of the birds still wedged in them, into which the snake escaped, etc. [in the 1938 edition, the second occurance of this note reference is given the number "4". However, there is no note 4 to correspond with it; and note 3 appears be the reference here as well--MEC].
Then, now, that person who was big was [still] there among them.
'Ákoo, k'adi, 'áń ndémtsaań 'áá'ee 'itasitíͅná'a
'Áń dá'áná, daajiiłhégo baatiͅiͅjakaná'a.
'Áń ndéntsaań bikétł'áyégoda bijéí si'áͅná'a
Doobédaagojísiͅdaná'a.
That one, only that one, they attacked in order to kill him.
The heart of that person who was big lay under his foot.
They did not know it.
1. 'itasitíͅná'a 'he was among them, it is said'. 'i- indef. pronoun; -ta 'among' [pp.; cf.. note 7.10, §1]. sitíͅ 'an animate being lies' [3rd person si- perf. neut. intr.].
2. baatiͅiͅjakaná'a 'they attacked him, it is said'. 3a person perf. of 0aa-tiͅiͅ-...[hi- perf.]-ká 'several attack someone' [act. intr.]. aa- 'to'; - tiͅiͅ 'attack' [?]. The theme alone means 'several move' [act. intr.].
3. bikétł'áyégoda 'under his foot'. -ké 'foot' [non-poss. form]; -tł'áyé, a compounded form of -tł'á 'under, beneath'; -go subord.; -da 'even'.
Then Gray Lizard spoke thus to them:
Ákoo Ma'ishóͅíłbáyé 'ádaagoołndíná'a:
1. bikétł'áhyá 'under his foot'. Note that here -tł'á 'under' has the form -tł'áh- Cf. note 7.12, §3.
2. nahánsht'ó 'I'll shoot him for you'. nahi- 2nd person dual pronoun; -á 'for'. nsht'ó, 1st person imp. of ni-...[ni- perf.]-ł-t'ó 'to shoot at' [act. tr.; ni- completive].
3. shaanah'iͅiͅ 'give them to me'. 2nd person dual imp. of 0aa-ni...[ni- perf.]-'iͅiͅ, 'to give someone an unknown object' [act. tr.; aa- 'to'; ni- completive]. Since the object of the verb is definitely known and stated [k'aa 'arrows'], this use of the theme -'iͅiͅ is irregular [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 6.4, §3].
Then the Gray Lizard went in under his foot.
'Ákoo Ma'ishóͅíłbáyéń gokétł'áyá 'oołghoná'a.
Gokétł'áyá yíńłt'oná'a.
Goyeesxíͅná'a.
K'adi 'áń daajiyeesxíͅná'a.
He shot him under his foot.
He killed him.
Now they had killed that one.
And now [for] the Snake also.
Nágo k'adi Góídaná'a.
Góí tségizhiyá bindáaí káyóółdéél dooha'yágobich'iͅiͅgózhóͅdayá.
'Ákoo kaa'isdadaayáná'a.
'Áíbee gó gooslíͅná'a.
Dooła daajílaadaná'a.
The Snake threw his eyes in a crevice of the rock where it was impossible to get them.
Then he got away from them.
For that reason there are snakes [now].
None of them got him.
1. góídaná'a 'the snake also, it is said'. gó 'snake'; -da 'even, also'.
2. tségizhiyá 'in a rock crevice'. tsé 'rock'; -gizhi 'between, interstice, gap'.
3. káyóółdéél 'he had thrown them for them'. ká- 'for them'. 'iyóółdéél, 3rd person perf. with 3rd person obj. of 'i-|...[hi- perf.]-ł-deeł 'to throw away several objects' [act. tr.; 'i-| 'away'].
4. dooha'yágobich'iͅiͅgózhóͅdayá 'where it was impossible to get them'. ha'yágo 'in some way'; bich'iͅiͅ 'toward them'; gózhóͅ 'place is good'. Literally: 'a place where it is in no way good toward them'.
5. kaa'isdadaayáná'a 'he got away from them, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of 0aa-'isda-daa-|...[si- perf.]- yá 'one gets away from someone' [act. intr.]. aa- 'from'; 'isda- 'away'; daa- ?.
Now they attacked the Bear also.
K'adi Shashí 'iłdóͅ baatiͅiͅnáájakaná'a.
Daajiiłhégo, ditsiͅ łáͅí sikaaí bich'iͅiͅkaadaahíndáná'a.
Ditsiͅsikaaí kaaghédaayáná'a.
Kaa'isdadaayáná'a.
Doodaajiyeesxiͅdaná'a.
As they were killing him, he dragged them toward a large grove of trees.
He walked into the grove of trees.
He got away from them.
They did not kill him.
1. shashí 'iłdóͅ baatiͅiͅnáájakaná'a 'they attacked the bear also, it is said'. shash 'bear'; 'iłdóͅ 'also'. 3a person perf. of 0aa-tiͅiͅ-náá-...[hi- perf.]-d-ká- 'several attack someone also' [act. irttr.]. náá- 'again, also' requires the -d- class. See note 7.12, §2.
2. ditsiͅ łáͅí sikaaí 'a large grove of tress'. ditsiͅ 'trees'; łáͅ 'many'; sikaa 'a clump [of trees] lies' [3rd person si- perf. neut. intr.].
3. bich'iͅiͅkaadaahíndáná'a 'he dragged them toward it, it is said'. bich'iͅiͅ 'toward it'. 3rd person imp. of 0aa-daa-ni...[ni- perf.]-yá 'one drags several along' [act. intr.]. aa- 'from' ?; daa- ?; ni- completive.
4. kaaghédaayáná'a 'he went in from them, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of 0aa-ghé-daa-|...[si- perf.]-yá 'one goes in from someone' [act. intr.]. ghé- 'in' [cf. -ghe' 'in']; daa- ?.
And that large grove of trees into which he went is called "A Grove of Trees Lies."
'Ákoo 'áí tsiͅłání sikaaí kaaghéhóóyáí 'áá'ee "Tsiͅskaa" googhé.
Dííjíͅ 'áá'ee shash łáͅ.
Today [there are] many bears there.
1. tsiͅłání sikaaí 'large grove oftrees'. tsiͅ 'trees' [cf. ditsiͅ 'trees']; łání 'that are many' [cf. łáͅí in note 7.16, §2]; sikaa 'a clump [of trees] lies'.
2. kaaghéhóóyáí 'into which he had gone'. 3rd person perf. of 0aa-ghéh-|...[hi- perf.]-yá 'one goes in from someone' [act. intr.; aa- 'from'; ghéh-| 'in']. See note 7.16, §4.
3. tsiͅskaa 'a grove of trees lies' [place name]. tsiͅ 'trees' plus sika 'a clump [of trees] lies'.
This place where they played the moccasin game is today just like it was then.
'Ádíídíí łíͅnádaałjóótseelí díjíͅ 'it'a 'ándeede ná'aí k'ehát'é.
'Iyáabaͅaͅ 'it'a 'ándeede ná'aí k'ehát'éhí 'ádíídííbaͅaͅ 'át'é: 'ádáͅ dá'iłjagáͅi 'égoosdiͅiͅ, nágo 'ákoyá łíͅnádaa'jóótseelnyá łee'énnájíkaná'a.
Nágo 'ádaajindíná'a:
Why it is as it was then is for this reason: when they had finished fighting one another, then they returned together to that place where they had played the moccasin game.
Then they spoke thus:
1. łíͅnádaałjóótseelí 'where they played the moccasin game'. 3a person distrib. perf. with indef. obj. of łíͅ-ná...[hi- perf.]-tsił [rep. stem of -tseeł] 'to hammer something into the ground again and again; to play the moccasin game' [act. tr.]. łíͅ- 'ground'; ná- 'again and again'.
2. 'it'a 'ándeede ná'aí k'ehát'éhí 'it is just like it was then'. 'it'a 'still, before'; 'ándeede 'now'; ná'aí looks like the narrative enclitic plus the relative enclitic; k'ehát'éhí 'it is just like, it is similar' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 6.2, §2].
3. 'ádáͅ dá'iłjagáͅi 'égoosdiͅiͅ 'when they had finished fighting one another'. 'ádáͅ 'at that time'; dá- 'just'; 'iłjagáͅ, 3a person perf. of 'ił-...[hi- perf.]-d-gáͅ 'to fight' [act. intr.]. See note 7.11, §2. 'égoosdiͅiͅ 'they had finished' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 5.10].
4. łee'énnájíkaná'a 'they returned together, it is said'. 3a person perf. of łee'é-ni-ná-ni-...[ni- perf.]-d-ká 'several go back together' [act. intr.]. łee'é- '[to come] together'; ni- 'to a stop'; 'ná- 'back' [requires the -d- class]; ni- completive.
5. 'iͅiͅshíͅndáse 'from now on'. 'iͅiͅ 'here'; -shíͅ 'from'; n dáse 'further on'.
6. dá'ándeenánóółt'eedaał 'it will always be unchanged'. dá- 'just'; 'ándee 'it is new, recent' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 1.18, §3]; nánóółt'ee 'always' [part.]; -daał future tense.
7. 'indaaí ndéídaa łáͅ hilaadeeda 'though there come to be many white men and Indians'. 'indaa 'white men'; n dé 'Indians'; łáͅ 'many'; hilaa 'it becomes' [3rd person imp. of -laa 'to become']; -deeda 'though, whether, even if'.
That [place] today is still just so; these things that they say happened occurred.
'Áí dííjíͅ 'it'a dá'ághát'é; 'ádíídíí 'ágot'íͅná'aí
"Dził'inaadahaas'áí" hoghéí bitł'ahéé 'ágot'íͅná'a New Mexico bighee'shíͅ.
There [on the flats] below that which is called "The mountain [on] which mescal extends upward" in New Mexico.[3]
Dził'inaadahaas'áí 'the mountain on which mescal extends upward' [place name]. dził 'mountain'; 'inaada 'mescal'; haas'á 'it extends upward' [ha- 'out, up'; -'á 'a rigid object has extension'; 3rd person si- perf. neut. intr.].
Many informants claim to have seen the place; to have seen the gap in the cliff through which light first streamed, to have seen the rock crevice, with the arrows of the birds still wedged in them, into which the snake escaped, etc. [in the 1938 edition, the second occurance of this note reference is given the number "4". However, there is no note 4 to correspond with it; and note 3 appears be the reference here as well--MEC].
Linguistic Notes by Harry Hoijer
1. dooiłkaadaná'a 'there was no day, it is said'. hiłkaa, imp. of hi-...[si- perf.]-ł-kaa 'day dawns' [act. intr.].
1. naadaa'indiishégo 'they, being of the kind that fly'. 3rd person distrib. imp. of naa-'i- ...[si- perf.]-ndii 'several fly about' [act. intr.; 'i- indef. deictic prefix?] plus -shé 'side, kind' [pp.].
2. dáchaagołheełnáánóółt'eeí 'that it was always very dark'. dá- 'very'; chaagołheeł, imp. with place subj. of chaa-...[hi- perf.]-ł-gheeł 'to become dark' [act. intr.; chaa- thematic?]; náánóółt'ee 'always' [part.].
3. łashégoí 'those being of the other side'. ła- 'other'; -shé 'side, kind'.
4. dábeenégodzi'íná 'were only those who are feared'. dá-...-ná 'only, just'. négodzi' 'danger, there is danger, it is dangerous', presumably an imp. neut. intr. verb with place subject and prefix né-. bee- 'with them, by means of them'. Literally, the text form means: 'only those by means of whom there is danger'.
5. bijádedaadíͅíͅ'íná 'only those who had four legs'. bijáde 'their legs'; daa- distrib.; díͅíͅ' 'four'; -í relative; -ná 'only'.
1. bíká 'for it'. -ká 'for, in order to' requires a high tone on its prefixes.
2. 'iłaajíkágo 'they, coming together'. 3a person imp. of 'ił-aa-ni-...[ni- perf.]-ká 'several come together, meet' [act. intr.]. 'ił- reciprocal; aa- 'to'; ni- completive.
3. baayá'iti 'there is to be discussion about it'. baa- 'about it'. yá'iti, 3rd person imp. with indef. subj. of yá-...[hi- perf.]-ti 'a discussion is held' [act. intr.; yá- thematic]. See linguistic note to Chiricahua text 6.7, §2.
1. hiká 'day'. Cf. note 7.1.
2. baadaa'deekaa 'let's gamble for it'. baa- 'for it, about it'; daa- distrib. 'i-di...[si- or hi- perf.]-kaa 'to gamble' [act. intr.]. The text form is 1st person distrib. perf.
1. kéhee 'moccasin [or stick] game' [see Ethnological Notes, 7.1]. Cf. ké 'bone used in moccasin game'.
2. 'ánágat'iͅiͅł 'it was happening'. 3rd person prog. of 'á-ná-go-...[hi- perf.]-t'ii 'something happens, goes on' [act. intr.]. 'á- 'thus so'; ná- 'again' [?]; go- place subject [?].
3. 'iłch'áͅnáágonahndééł 'each side won and lost alternately'. 'iłch'áͅ 'from one another'. náágonahndééł, 3rd person prog. of náá-go-ni-...[si- perf.]-d-ndé ' a game is won again and again' [act. intr.]. náá- 'again and again' requires the -d- class. go- place subj. referring to 'game' [?]. ni- terminative.
1. Tséńłghéésee 'wren'. t sé 'rock, stone'. -ńłghéés- resembles the 2nd person imp. of di-...[si- perf.]-l-ghéés 'to dodge, twist, turn' [mediopas.; di- becomes n- in the second person]. - ee may be an archaic relative enclitic. Therefore, the form may mean literally: 'you who dodge about rocks'.
2. hiłkaa hát'íͅná'a 'he wanted day, it is said'. hiłkaa 'day is dawning' is here used as a noun [cf. notes 7.1 and 7.4, §1]. hát'íͅ, 3rd person of há-...-t'íͅ 'to want, to desire' [imp. neut. intr.]. See note 2.6, §1.
3. n dédantsaaí 'the big fellows'. n dé 'person'. dantsaa, 3rd person distrib. of ni-...-tsaa 'to be big' [imp. neut. intr.].
hiiskáͅ hayóółkáͅ 'morning has dawned'. hiiskáͅ, 3rd person perf. of hi-...[si- perf.]-ł-kaa 'day dawns' [act. intr.] is here used as a noun. hayóółkáͅ, 3rd person perf. of ha-yi-...[hi- perf.]-ł-kaa 'day dawns, morning breaks' [act. intr.; ha- 'out' ?]. yi- in this form is probably cognate with the hi- of the preceding verb.
1. naa'itaná'a 'he was among them, it is said'. 3rd person imp. with indef. obj. of naa-|...[si- perf.]-ta 'to be among' [act. tr.; naa-| 'about'].
2. doohaͅhnaashádaí 'I who cannot move about rapidly'. naasha 'I move about' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 1.6, §1]; haͅh 'rapidly, quickly'.
3. nahba'hoshááł 'I'll go on before you'. nah- 2nd person dual pronoun; -ba' 'before'; hoshááł, 3rd person prog. of -yá' 'one moves'.
4. 'oóyáná'a 'he went away, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of 'i-|...[hi- perf.]-yá 'one goes away' [act. intr.; 'i-| 'away'].
1. bitł'aabaͅaͅyá 'at the borders of his back'. - tł'aa 'back, buttocks'; -baͅaͅ 'edge, border'.
2. 'iłeedaa'jiniigáͅná'a 'they began to fight with one another, it is said'. 3a person distrib. imp. of 'ił- ee-'i-ni-|...[ni- perf.]-gáͅ 'to begin to fight' [act. intr.]. 'ił- reciprocal pronoun; ee-'i-ni-| 'to begin to do ...' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 2.11, §1]. This theme, i. e., - gáͅ, is possibly a -d- form of -gháͅ 'to kill several'. The verb 'to fight' always requires the reciprocal prefix 'ił- and this prefix requires the -d- class. Therefore, the verb 'to fight' probably means literally; 'to kill one another'.
1. 'itasitíͅná'a 'he was among them, it is said'. 'i- indef. pronoun; -ta 'among' [pp.; cf.. note 7.10, §1]. sitíͅ 'an animate being lies' [3rd person si- perf. neut. intr.].
2. baatiͅiͅjakaná'a 'they attacked him, it is said'. 3a person perf. of 0aa-tiͅiͅ-...[hi- perf.]-ká 'several attack someone' [act. intr.]. aa- 'to'; - tiͅiͅ 'attack' [?]. The theme alone means 'several move' [act. intr.].
3. bikétł'áyégoda 'under his foot'. -ké 'foot' [non-poss. form]; -tł'áyé, a compounded form of -tł'á 'under, beneath'; -go subord.; -da 'even'.
1. bikétł'áhyá 'under his foot'. Note that here -tł'á 'under' has the form -tł'áh- Cf. note 7.12, §3.
2. nahánsht'ó 'I'll shoot him for you'. nahi- 2nd person dual pronoun; -á 'for'. nsht'ó, 1st person imp. of ni-...[ni- perf.]-ł-t'ó 'to shoot at' [act. tr.; ni- completive].
3. shaanah'iͅiͅ 'give them to me'. 2nd person dual imp. of 0aa-ni...[ni- perf.]-'iͅiͅ, 'to give someone an unknown object' [act. tr.; aa- 'to'; ni- completive]. Since the object of the verb is definitely known and stated [k'aa 'arrows'], this use of the theme -'iͅiͅ is irregular [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 6.4, §3].
1. góídaná'a 'the snake also, it is said'. gó 'snake'; -da 'even, also'.
2. tségizhiyá 'in a rock crevice'. tsé 'rock'; -gizhi 'between, interstice, gap'.
3. káyóółdéél 'he had thrown them for them'. ká- 'for them'. 'iyóółdéél, 3rd person perf. with 3rd person obj. of 'i-|...[hi- perf.]-ł-deeł 'to throw away several objects' [act. tr.; 'i-| 'away'].
4. dooha'yágobich'iͅiͅgózhóͅdayá 'where it was impossible to get them'. ha'yágo 'in some way'; bich'iͅiͅ 'toward them'; gózhóͅ 'place is good'. Literally: 'a place where it is in no way good toward them'.
5. kaa'isdadaayáná'a 'he got away from them, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of 0aa-'isda-daa-|...[si- perf.]- yá 'one gets away from someone' [act. intr.]. aa- 'from'; 'isda- 'away'; daa- ?.
1. shashí 'iłdóͅ baatiͅiͅnáájakaná'a 'they attacked the bear also, it is said'. shash 'bear'; 'iłdóͅ 'also'. 3a person perf. of 0aa-tiͅiͅ-náá-...[hi- perf.]-d-ká- 'several attack someone also' [act. irttr.]. náá- 'again, also' requires the -d- class. See note 7.12, §2.
2. ditsiͅ łáͅí sikaaí 'a large grove of tress'. ditsiͅ 'trees'; łáͅ 'many'; sikaa 'a clump [of trees] lies' [3rd person si- perf. neut. intr.].
3. bich'iͅiͅkaadaahíndáná'a 'he dragged them toward it, it is said'. bich'iͅiͅ 'toward it'. 3rd person imp. of 0aa-daa-ni...[ni- perf.]-yá 'one drags several along' [act. intr.]. aa- 'from' ?; daa- ?; ni- completive.
4. kaaghédaayáná'a 'he went in from them, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of 0aa-ghé-daa-|...[si- perf.]-yá 'one goes in from someone' [act. intr.]. ghé- 'in' [cf. -ghe' 'in']; daa- ?.
1. tsiͅłání sikaaí 'large grove oftrees'. tsiͅ 'trees' [cf. ditsiͅ 'trees']; łání 'that are many' [cf. łáͅí in note 7.16, §2]; sikaa 'a clump [of trees] lies'.
2. kaaghéhóóyáí 'into which he had gone'. 3rd person perf. of 0aa-ghéh-|...[hi- perf.]-yá 'one goes in from someone' [act. intr.; aa- 'from'; ghéh-| 'in']. See note 7.16, §4.
3. tsiͅskaa 'a grove of trees lies' [place name]. tsiͅ 'trees' plus sika 'a clump [of trees] lies'.
1. łíͅnádaałjóótseelí 'where they played the moccasin game'. 3a person distrib. perf. with indef. obj. of łíͅ-ná...[hi- perf.]-tsił [rep. stem of -tseeł] 'to hammer something into the ground again and again; to play the moccasin game' [act. tr.]. łíͅ- 'ground'; ná- 'again and again'.
2. 'it'a 'ándeede ná'aí k'ehát'éhí 'it is just like it was then'. 'it'a 'still, before'; 'ándeede 'now'; ná'aí looks like the narrative enclitic plus the relative enclitic; k'ehát'éhí 'it is just like, it is similar' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 6.2, §2].
3. 'ádáͅ dá'iłjagáͅi 'égoosdiͅiͅ 'when they had finished fighting one another'. 'ádáͅ 'at that time'; dá- 'just'; 'iłjagáͅ, 3a person perf. of 'ił-...[hi- perf.]-d-gáͅ 'to fight' [act. intr.]. See note 7.11, §2. 'égoosdiͅiͅ 'they had finished' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 5.10].
4. łee'énnájíkaná'a 'they returned together, it is said'. 3a person perf. of łee'é-ni-ná-ni-...[ni- perf.]-d-ká 'several go back together' [act. intr.]. łee'é- '[to come] together'; ni- 'to a stop'; 'ná- 'back' [requires the -d- class]; ni- completive.
5. 'iͅiͅshíͅndáse 'from now on'. 'iͅiͅ 'here'; -shíͅ 'from'; n dáse 'further on'.
6. dá'ándeenánóółt'eedaał 'it will always be unchanged'. dá- 'just'; 'ándee 'it is new, recent' [see linguistic note to Chiricahua text 1.18, §3]; nánóółt'ee 'always' [part.]; -daał future tense.
7. 'indaaí ndéídaa łáͅ hilaadeeda 'though there come to be many white men and Indians'. 'indaa 'white men'; n dé 'Indians'; łáͅ 'many'; hilaa 'it becomes' [3rd person imp. of -laa 'to become']; -deeda 'though, whether, even if'.
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