The Killing of the Bull, Chiricahua Apache Text excerpted from Chiricahua Apache Texts, with Ethnological Notes |
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3. The Killing of the Bull as told by Lawrence
Mithlo
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 | The Killing of the Bull, Chiricahua Apache Text |  |
3. The Killing of the Bull as told by Lawrence Mithlo
Now the Bull who killed with his eyes, he who did not permit people to live, existed.
1. Náa'tsíliibindáayee'igháͅáͅ'í 'The Bull that kills with his eyes'. náa'tsílii 'bull, cow, cattle' [no analysis]. bindáa 'his eyes'; yee'igháͅáͅ', a bound form of yee'igháͅ 'he kills by means of them'. yee- > yi- 3rd person obj. plus ee- 'with, by means of' [pp.]. 'igháͅ, 3rd person imp. with indef. obj. of ...[hi- perf.]-gháͅ to kill several' [act. tr.]. -í relative enclitic.
2. doobáńgólaadaná'aí 'he, who, it is said, did not permit them to live'. Relative enclitic í; for analysis of verb, see note 1.5, §4.
Then Child of the Water spoke thus to his mother:
`Ákoo Tóbájishchinéń bimáń `áyiiłndíná'a.
`Ákoo hich'iͅiͅ'ihaadzáná'a.
And then he went off to him.
1. naagháí 'that he lives'. naaghá 'he goes about here and there' [see note 1.6, §1] also means 'he lives'. -í relative.
2. bich'iͅiͅdiyéshdzá 'I'm going to him'. ch'iͅ 'to, toward' [pp.]. diyéshdzá, 1st person perf. of di-yi-|...[si- perf]-dá'one starts off' [act. intr.]. -dá, -d- form of -yá 'one moves' [act. intr.; see note 1.15, §2]. Prefixes indefinable.
3. hich'iͅiͅ'ihaadzáná'a 'he went off to him, it is said'. hich'iͅiͅ 'toward, to him' [hi- variant 3rd variant 3rd person obj.] plus 3rd person perf. of 'i-hi-|...[hi- perf.]-dá 'one goes off, away' [act. intr.]. 'i- 'away'; hi- ?
That Bull lay where one could not approach him [unseen] from any direction.
`Áí náa'tsílií dooha'shíͅ baajóya'le'át'édashíͅ sitíͅná'a.
Dádziłgashíͅ `Iłch'áͅgo dees'íͅgo sitíͅná'a.
He lay right in a plain looking in all directions.
1. dooha'shíͅ baajóya'le'át'édashíͅ 'where one could not approach him from any direction'. do-...-da negative; ha'- 'anywhere, any direction', -shíͅ 'from' [pp.]. baajóya', 3a person opt. of Oaa-ni-...[ni- perf.]-yá 'one goes to someone' [act. intr.; aa- 'to'; ni- completive, occurs only in the imp.]. -lee [shortened to -le by the following -'] optative enclitic. 'át'é, 3rd person of 'á-ni-...-t'é 'to be so' [imp. neut. intr.].
2. sitíͅná'a 'he lay, it is said'. 3rd person of -tíͅ 'an animate object lies' [si- perf., neut. intr.].
3. dádziłgashíͅ 'right in a plain'. dádziłga plain, clearing'; cf. gołga 'plain, clearing' and łi-ni-...-ga 'to be white' [imp. neut. intr.; łini- adj.]. [what Hoijer translates here as 'white' also can have the meaning: 'clear', 'transparent'--MEC]
4. iłch'áͅgo 'in all directions'. -ch'áͅ 'away from' [pp.]; 'ił reciprocal: -go subordinating. Literally: 'being from one another'.
This line is better translated: "he lay looking in all directions from a clearing."
[Child of the Water] stopped, facing him from a hiding place.
Haná'anshíͅ bich'iͅnjíńyáná'a.
`Áshíͅ jiisdáná'ago `a'ááłná'a.
There he sat for some time.
1. haná'an 'hiding place, out of sight' [part.]; -shíͅ 'from' [pp.].
2. bich'iͅnjíńyáná'a 'he stopped facing him, it is said'. bich'iͅiͅ- 'toward him, facing him'. njíńyá, 3a person perf. of ni-ni-...[ni- perf.]-yá one stops moving' [act. intr.]. ni- 'to a stop'; ni- completive.
3. jiisdáná'ago 'he, sitting, it is said'. jiisdá, 3a person of -dá 'one sits' [si- perf. neut. intr.]; -ná'a narrative encl.; -go subordinating encl. The narrative enclitic is not usually suffixed to subordinated verbs [see note 1, §3].
4. 'a'ááłná'a [the sun] was moving, it is said. 'a- > 'i- indefinite pronoun plus the 3rd person prog. prefix haa-. -'ááł, prog.stem of -'aa 'a round object moves' [act. intr.]. Literally: 'some round object is moving', an idiomatic expression for 'the sun is moving, time is passing'. Thus, the line reads: 'he, sitting there, time is passing', which is the Apache way of expressing 'he sat there for some time'.
5. ha'gohee 'how', a combination of ha'- interrog. stem, -go subord. encl., and hee interrogative encl .
6. 'aaí 'that', the demonstr. stem 'aa- plus the relative enclitic -í See Grammatical Sketch, §3.
7. sishxéná 'I shall kill him!'. sishxé, first person imp. of si- [si- perf.]-ł-ghé 'to kill one' [act. tr.]. The first person pronoun sh- and the classifier ł- combine, and the initial consonant of the stem assimilates to this combination in voice. -ná emphatic enclitic.
Then, suddenly, a Gopher came to him.
1. dáhágohndii 'suddenly' [part.]
2. łighe'naa'indilé 'gopher'. łí- 'ground' [in compounds and as a verb prefix]; ghe' 'inside' [pp.]; naa'indil, 3rd person cont. imp. with indefinite obj. of naa-|...[si- perf.]- ndííł 'to tear up, to scatter about' [act.tr.]; -é relative. Literally: 'he who scatters things about underground'.
3 kaahíłghoná'a 'he had come to him, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of Oaa-nbi...[ni- perf.]-l-ghee 'to come to someone' [act.intr.]. -aa- 'to' [pp.]; ni- completive. This verb theme is one of the few which always have the -l- class.
Then Child of the Water spoke thus:
Nágo, Tóbájishchinéń `ándíná'a:
The part of this passage within the quotation marks may be analyzed as follows:
'aaí Náa'tsílłí bindáayeełgháͅáͅ'í ndé doobáńgólaadaí 'that Bull who kills with his eyes [and] who does not permit people to live' is the object of sishxé 'I'll kill him'. ha'yágoda 'in some way' modifies hishłá 'I'll do it' and ła' 'that' is the direct object of hishłá. Thus, 'I'll do that [referring to the killing] in some way'.
In ńsł'í 'that which I wish', 'that which' refers back to the statement 'I'll kill the Bull who kills with his eyes [and] who does not permit people to live [by] my doings of some nature'. Therefore, the whole phrase may be translated: "that which I want [is to] kill the Bull who..."
dooha'yágo ła' hoshłá hát'édaídéͅ is a relative form of the negative of ha'yágo 'in some way', ła' 'that', hoshłá 'I want to do it' [opt.], and hát'é 'it is possible, it can be done'. Thus: 'that which it is not possible [that] I do in some way'.
bigee 'because of it', 'it' referring to the phrase analyzed above; hishcha 'I weep'. Therefore: 'I weep because of that which it is not possible [that] I do in some way'.
Then the Gopher spoke thus to Child of the Water:
Nágo łíghe'naa'i'ndiléí Tóbájiishchinéń `áyiiłndíná'a:
Gózhóͅgo kaohndiiná'a.
He advised him well.
1. 'íyaͅaͅ 'for that reason, therefore'; -ń ?
2. 'iłdagé 'on, above one another'; 'ił- reciprocal, -dagé 'on, above' [pp.]. Cf. -dá 'top, cover'.
3. 'ń'áńgo 'being tunnels'. 'ń'áń 'tunnel', an unanalyzable noun. Cf. 'ii'áń 'hole, cave'.
4. dásí bijéí si'áͅí 'ázhiͅ 'to exactly where his heart lies'. dásí..'exactly'; bijéí 'his heart'; si'áͅí relative form of si'áͅ 'a round object lies' [3rd person si- perf. neut. intr.]; 'á- 'there', -zhiͅ 'to'.
5. náha'ishndííł 'I'll dig them for you'. ná- 'for you'. ha'ishndííł 'I'll throw things out, I'll dig', 1st person imp. with indef. obj. of haa-...[hi- perf.]- ndííł 'to cause several objects to move out' [act. tr.]. ha-| 'out'; - ndííł 'to cause several objects to move.'
6. k'adi nłdóóndiigo '"Now," I having said to you'. k'adi 'now'. nłdóóndii, 1st person perf. of O-ł-di-...[hi- perf.]- ndii 'to say to someone' [act. intr.]. See note 1.15, §3.
7. 'idáhégo 'the topmost'; -go subord. encl. Cf. -dá 'top' and note 3.7, §2.
8. 'nłghee 'you run in'. 2nd person imp. of 'i-|...[hi- perf.]-l-ghee 'to run in' [act, intr.]. 'i-| 'in, into; away', reduced to '-.
9. 'aaee ńnłghogo 'you having arrived there'. 'aa- 'there'; -ee 'at'. ńnłgho, 2nd person perf. of ni-...[ni- perf.]l-ghee 'to arrive' [act. intr.]. ni- completive.
10. dádzaͅaͅshíͅ 'from right there". dá- 'just, exactly'; dzaͅaͅ- 'here'; -shíͅ 'from'.
11. naahihndádaał 'it is beating' [see note 2.29, §16]; -daał future tense enclitic.
12. 'ijónsigo 'you, having shot it off'. 2nd person perf. Of' 'i-ji-...[hi-perf.]-ł-zii to shoot off [an arrow]' [act. intr.]. See note 2.29, §12.
13. dásí'iyahégo 'being the lowest'. 'iyahé 'below, under' [pp. with indef. poss. ?]; dásí 'just, exactly, very'.
14. kaohndiiná'a 'he advised him, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of Oaa-|...[hi- perf.]-d- ndii 'to advise, teach' [act. intr.]. aa- 'to'; - ndii 'to say'. Note that the -d- classifier has become -h- [see Grammatical Sketch, §7].
Gopher also bares the heart of the monster by pleading that he needs fur for the nest of his children. When he gains permission to take some fur, he selects it from the region over the heart. (See Mescalero text 8)
Then:
`Ákogo:
1. haͅ'áł'íͅ 'hurry up'. haͅ- 'hurry, quickly; 2nd person imp. of 'á-...[? perf.]-ł-'íͅ 'to do so' [act. tr.]. Literally: 'do so in a hurry, quickly'.
2. dá'ánłdishndíí 'just that which I tell you'. dá- 'just'; -í relative. 'ánłdishndíí 'I tell you so', see note 1.15, §3.
3. dík'eh 'all, completely'. See note 1.1, §4,
4. dá'ákaayá 'in just that way'. dá- 'just'; 'ákaa 'there, that way'; -yá [pp.].
5. 'ándá 'you do so'. 2nd person imp. of 'á-...[? perf.]-d- ndá 'to do so' [act. intr.].
Then Child of the Water:
Nágo Tóbájiishchinéń:
Then he entered the topmost tunnel.
Nágo `idáhégo `ń'áńí `oołghoná'a.
Náa'tsíliní sitíͅí dásíbitł`áshíͅ njíłghoná'a.
Nágo dádzaͅaͅshíͅ bijéíí naahihndáná'a.
Dásí'iłndíyá `ijóósiná'a.
Nágo bich'áͅnáshdiiłghoná'a.
Dásí'iyahégo `ń'áńí `ijałghoná'a.
He stopped right under where the Bull was lying.
And right there his heart was beating.
He shot [an arrow] right into the center of it.
Then he ran away from him.
He ran into the very lowest tunnel.
1. 'oołghoná'a 'he had gone in, it is said'. 2rd person perf. of 'i-|...[hi- perf.]-l-ghee 'to go in' [act. intr.]. Cf. note 2.7, §8.
2. dásíbitł'áshíͅ 'from exactly under him'. -tł'áh 'under, beneath' [pp.].
3. njíłghoná'a 'he stopped moving, it is said'. 3a person perf. of ni-ni-...[ni- perf.]-l-ghee 'to stop moving' [act. intr.]. Cf. note 3.7, §8.
4. bich'áͅnashdiiłghoná'a 'he ran away from him, it is said'. -ch'áͅ 'away, from'. For verb, see note 2.31, §1.
The Bull was plowing the tunnels up with his horns.
Náa'tsíliní bideeí `ń'áńní `ákaa yeenaanágadzíͅíͅsná'a.
Táán `iłdagé `ń'áńní díík'eh naisndilná'a.
Dásí'ikéyáͅ, díͅíͅn `ń'áńí hik'énáágodeesch'íná'a.
Jiistíͅí dágoch'iͅiͅ `áháánéyá tsádeestłizhná'a.
He tore the three top tunnels all up.
Finally, he started to tear up the fourth tunnel also.
He fell dead just as he [came] close to where [Child of the Water] lay.
1. bideeí 'his horns'. -dee 'horns'.
2. yeenaanágadzíͅíͅsná'a 'he was plowing it up with them, it is said'. yee- 'with, by means of them'. naanágadzíͅíͅs. 3rd person prog. with place object and prefix naaná- 'all around, here and there' of -dzíͅíͅs 'to plough, to rip, to tear' [act. tr.]. The prefix naaná occurs only in the progressive mode. See note 2.32, §2.
3. naisndilná'a 'he tore them up, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of naa-|...[si- perf.]- ndííl 'to scatter several objects' [act. tr.].
4. dásí'ikéyáͅ 'finally'. dásí- 'just, exactly'; -ké 'next to, behind, after'.
5. hik'énáágodeesch'íná'a 'he had started to tear it up also, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of k'e-náá-go-di-...[si- perf.]-d-ch'ii 'to tear ground up again, to furrow the ground again' [act. intr.], k'e- ?; náá- again, also'; go- place object?; di- inceptive. The theme alone appears to mean 'to dig, to scratch'.
6. jiistíͅí dágoch'iͅiͅ 'áháánéyá 'just close to where he was lying'. jiistíͅ, 3a person of -tíͅ 'an animate being lies' [si- perf. neut. intr.]; dágoch'iͅ 'just toward him' [-ch'iͅiͅ 'toward']; 'áhááné, 3rd person of 'á-ni-...-hááné 'to be near, close to, in the vicinity of' [imp. neut. intr.].
7. tsádeestłizhná'a 'he had started to fall dead, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of tsá-di-...[si- perf.]-dlíísh 'to fall dead' [act. intr.]. Cf. di-...[si- perf.]-dlíísh 'to fall, stumble' [act. intr.; di- inceptive]. The prefix tsá- 'dead' may be cognate to the theme of the verb daa-|...[si- perf.]-tsaa 'to die' [act. intr.].
Then he had also killed this one who would not permit people to live.
náájiyeesxíͅná'a 'he had killed him also, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of náá-si-...[si-perf.]-ł-ghéé 'to kill one also' [act. tr.]. náá- 'also, again'. See note 2.7, §5. See also, in passage 13 of the narrative, náázéłhíͅ 'I have killed him also', the first person perf. of this verb. Here, for some reason, the initial consonant of the prefix si- is voiced.
Then Child of the Water returned to his mother.
`Ákoo Tóbájiishchinéń bimáń yaanádzáná'a.
Then White Painted Woman, feeling very happy [and] saying,
Nágo Isdzánádleeshéń, `iłéńziͅgo
Linguistic Notes by Harry Hoijer
1. Náa'tsíliibindáayee'igháͅáͅ'í 'The Bull that kills with his eyes'. náa'tsílii 'bull, cow, cattle' [no analysis]. bindáa 'his eyes'; yee'igháͅáͅ', a bound form of yee'igháͅ 'he kills by means of them'. yee- > yi- 3rd person obj. plus ee- 'with, by means of' [pp.]. 'igháͅ, 3rd person imp. with indef. obj. of ...[hi- perf.]-gháͅ to kill several' [act. tr.]. -í relative enclitic.
2. doobáńgólaadaná'aí 'he, who, it is said, did not permit them to live'. Relative enclitic í; for analysis of verb, see note 1.5, §4.
1. naagháí 'that he lives'. naaghá 'he goes about here and there' [see note 1.6, §1] also means 'he lives'. -í relative.
2. bich'iͅiͅdiyéshdzá 'I'm going to him'. ch'iͅ 'to, toward' [pp.]. diyéshdzá, 1st person perf. of di-yi-|...[si- perf]-dá'one starts off' [act. intr.]. -dá, -d- form of -yá 'one moves' [act. intr.; see note 1.15, §2]. Prefixes indefinable.
3. hich'iͅiͅ'ihaadzáná'a 'he went off to him, it is said'. hich'iͅiͅ 'toward, to him' [hi- variant 3rd variant 3rd person obj.] plus 3rd person perf. of 'i-hi-|...[hi- perf.]-dá 'one goes off, away' [act. intr.]. 'i- 'away'; hi- ?
1. dooha'shíͅ baajóya'le'át'édashíͅ 'where one could not approach him from any direction'. do-...-da negative; ha'- 'anywhere, any direction', -shíͅ 'from' [pp.]. baajóya', 3a person opt. of Oaa-ni-...[ni- perf.]-yá 'one goes to someone' [act. intr.; aa- 'to'; ni- completive, occurs only in the imp.]. -lee [shortened to -le by the following -'] optative enclitic. 'át'é, 3rd person of 'á-ni-...-t'é 'to be so' [imp. neut. intr.].
2. sitíͅná'a 'he lay, it is said'. 3rd person of -tíͅ 'an animate object lies' [si- perf., neut. intr.].
3. dádziłgashíͅ 'right in a plain'. dádziłga plain, clearing'; cf. gołga 'plain, clearing' and łi-ni-...-ga 'to be white' [imp. neut. intr.; łini- adj.]. [what Hoijer translates here as 'white' also can have the meaning: 'clear', 'transparent'--MEC]
4. iłch'áͅgo 'in all directions'. -ch'áͅ 'away from' [pp.]; 'ił reciprocal: -go subordinating. Literally: 'being from one another'.
This line is better translated: "he lay looking in all directions from a clearing."
1. haná'an 'hiding place, out of sight' [part.]; -shíͅ 'from' [pp.].
2. bich'iͅnjíńyáná'a 'he stopped facing him, it is said'. bich'iͅiͅ- 'toward him, facing him'. njíńyá, 3a person perf. of ni-ni-...[ni- perf.]-yá one stops moving' [act. intr.]. ni- 'to a stop'; ni- completive.
3. jiisdáná'ago 'he, sitting, it is said'. jiisdá, 3a person of -dá 'one sits' [si- perf. neut. intr.]; -ná'a narrative encl.; -go subordinating encl. The narrative enclitic is not usually suffixed to subordinated verbs [see note 1, §3].
4. 'a'ááłná'a [the sun] was moving, it is said. 'a- > 'i- indefinite pronoun plus the 3rd person prog. prefix haa-. -'ááł, prog.stem of -'aa 'a round object moves' [act. intr.]. Literally: 'some round object is moving', an idiomatic expression for 'the sun is moving, time is passing'. Thus, the line reads: 'he, sitting there, time is passing', which is the Apache way of expressing 'he sat there for some time'.
5. ha'gohee 'how', a combination of ha'- interrog. stem, -go subord. encl., and hee interrogative encl .
6. 'aaí 'that', the demonstr. stem 'aa- plus the relative enclitic -í See Grammatical Sketch, §3.
7. sishxéná 'I shall kill him!'. sishxé, first person imp. of si- [si- perf.]-ł-ghé 'to kill one' [act. tr.]. The first person pronoun sh- and the classifier ł- combine, and the initial consonant of the stem assimilates to this combination in voice. -ná emphatic enclitic.
1. dáhágohndii 'suddenly' [part.]
2. łighe'naa'indilé 'gopher'. łí- 'ground' [in compounds and as a verb prefix]; ghe' 'inside' [pp.]; naa'indil, 3rd person cont. imp. with indefinite obj. of naa-|...[si- perf.]- ndííł 'to tear up, to scatter about' [act.tr.]; -é relative. Literally: 'he who scatters things about underground'.
3 kaahíłghoná'a 'he had come to him, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of Oaa-nbi...[ni- perf.]-l-ghee 'to come to someone' [act.intr.]. -aa- 'to' [pp.]; ni- completive. This verb theme is one of the few which always have the -l- class.
The part of this passage within the quotation marks may be analyzed as follows:
'aaí Náa'tsílłí bindáayeełgháͅáͅ'í ndé doobáńgólaadaí 'that Bull who kills with his eyes [and] who does not permit people to live' is the object of sishxé 'I'll kill him'. ha'yágoda 'in some way' modifies hishłá 'I'll do it' and ła' 'that' is the direct object of hishłá. Thus, 'I'll do that [referring to the killing] in some way'.
In ńsł'í 'that which I wish', 'that which' refers back to the statement 'I'll kill the Bull who kills with his eyes [and] who does not permit people to live [by] my doings of some nature'. Therefore, the whole phrase may be translated: "that which I want [is to] kill the Bull who..."
dooha'yágo ła' hoshłá hát'édaídéͅ is a relative form of the negative of ha'yágo 'in some way', ła' 'that', hoshłá 'I want to do it' [opt.], and hát'é 'it is possible, it can be done'. Thus: 'that which it is not possible [that] I do in some way'.
bigee 'because of it', 'it' referring to the phrase analyzed above; hishcha 'I weep'. Therefore: 'I weep because of that which it is not possible [that] I do in some way'.
1. 'íyaͅaͅ 'for that reason, therefore'; -ń ?
2. 'iłdagé 'on, above one another'; 'ił- reciprocal, -dagé 'on, above' [pp.]. Cf. -dá 'top, cover'.
3. 'ń'áńgo 'being tunnels'. 'ń'áń 'tunnel', an unanalyzable noun. Cf. 'ii'áń 'hole, cave'.
4. dásí bijéí si'áͅí 'ázhiͅ 'to exactly where his heart lies'. dásí..'exactly'; bijéí 'his heart'; si'áͅí relative form of si'áͅ 'a round object lies' [3rd person si- perf. neut. intr.]; 'á- 'there', -zhiͅ 'to'.
5. náha'ishndííł 'I'll dig them for you'. ná- 'for you'. ha'ishndííł 'I'll throw things out, I'll dig', 1st person imp. with indef. obj. of haa-...[hi- perf.]- ndííł 'to cause several objects to move out' [act. tr.]. ha-| 'out'; - ndííł 'to cause several objects to move.'
6. k'adi nłdóóndiigo '"Now," I having said to you'. k'adi 'now'. nłdóóndii, 1st person perf. of O-ł-di-...[hi- perf.]- ndii 'to say to someone' [act. intr.]. See note 1.15, §3.
7. 'idáhégo 'the topmost'; -go subord. encl. Cf. -dá 'top' and note 3.7, §2.
8. 'nłghee 'you run in'. 2nd person imp. of 'i-|...[hi- perf.]-l-ghee 'to run in' [act, intr.]. 'i-| 'in, into; away', reduced to '-.
9. 'aaee ńnłghogo 'you having arrived there'. 'aa- 'there'; -ee 'at'. ńnłgho, 2nd person perf. of ni-...[ni- perf.]l-ghee 'to arrive' [act. intr.]. ni- completive.
10. dádzaͅaͅshíͅ 'from right there". dá- 'just, exactly'; dzaͅaͅ- 'here'; -shíͅ 'from'.
11. naahihndádaał 'it is beating' [see note 2.29, §16]; -daał future tense enclitic.
12. 'ijónsigo 'you, having shot it off'. 2nd person perf. Of' 'i-ji-...[hi-perf.]-ł-zii to shoot off [an arrow]' [act. intr.]. See note 2.29, §12.
13. dásí'iyahégo 'being the lowest'. 'iyahé 'below, under' [pp. with indef. poss. ?]; dásí 'just, exactly, very'.
14. kaohndiiná'a 'he advised him, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of Oaa-|...[hi- perf.]-d- ndii 'to advise, teach' [act. intr.]. aa- 'to'; - ndii 'to say'. Note that the -d- classifier has become -h- [see Grammatical Sketch, §7].
1. haͅ'áł'íͅ 'hurry up'. haͅ- 'hurry, quickly; 2nd person imp. of 'á-...[? perf.]-ł-'íͅ 'to do so' [act. tr.]. Literally: 'do so in a hurry, quickly'.
2. dá'ánłdishndíí 'just that which I tell you'. dá- 'just'; -í relative. 'ánłdishndíí 'I tell you so', see note 1.15, §3.
3. dík'eh 'all, completely'. See note 1.1, §4,
4. dá'ákaayá 'in just that way'. dá- 'just'; 'ákaa 'there, that way'; -yá [pp.].
5. 'ándá 'you do so'. 2nd person imp. of 'á-...[? perf.]-d- ndá 'to do so' [act. intr.].
1. 'oołghoná'a 'he had gone in, it is said'. 2rd person perf. of 'i-|...[hi- perf.]-l-ghee 'to go in' [act. intr.]. Cf. note 2.7, §8.
2. dásíbitł'áshíͅ 'from exactly under him'. -tł'áh 'under, beneath' [pp.].
3. njíłghoná'a 'he stopped moving, it is said'. 3a person perf. of ni-ni-...[ni- perf.]-l-ghee 'to stop moving' [act. intr.]. Cf. note 3.7, §8.
4. bich'áͅnashdiiłghoná'a 'he ran away from him, it is said'. -ch'áͅ 'away, from'. For verb, see note 2.31, §1.
1. bideeí 'his horns'. -dee 'horns'.
2. yeenaanágadzíͅíͅsná'a 'he was plowing it up with them, it is said'. yee- 'with, by means of them'. naanágadzíͅíͅs. 3rd person prog. with place object and prefix naaná- 'all around, here and there' of -dzíͅíͅs 'to plough, to rip, to tear' [act. tr.]. The prefix naaná occurs only in the progressive mode. See note 2.32, §2.
3. naisndilná'a 'he tore them up, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of naa-|...[si- perf.]- ndííl 'to scatter several objects' [act. tr.].
4. dásí'ikéyáͅ 'finally'. dásí- 'just, exactly'; -ké 'next to, behind, after'.
5. hik'énáágodeesch'íná'a 'he had started to tear it up also, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of k'e-náá-go-di-...[si- perf.]-d-ch'ii 'to tear ground up again, to furrow the ground again' [act. intr.], k'e- ?; náá- again, also'; go- place object?; di- inceptive. The theme alone appears to mean 'to dig, to scratch'.
6. jiistíͅí dágoch'iͅiͅ 'áháánéyá 'just close to where he was lying'. jiistíͅ, 3a person of -tíͅ 'an animate being lies' [si- perf. neut. intr.]; dágoch'iͅ 'just toward him' [-ch'iͅiͅ 'toward']; 'áhááné, 3rd person of 'á-ni-...-hááné 'to be near, close to, in the vicinity of' [imp. neut. intr.].
7. tsádeestłizhná'a 'he had started to fall dead, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of tsá-di-...[si- perf.]-dlíísh 'to fall dead' [act. intr.]. Cf. di-...[si- perf.]-dlíísh 'to fall, stumble' [act. intr.; di- inceptive]. The prefix tsá- 'dead' may be cognate to the theme of the verb daa-|...[si- perf.]-tsaa 'to die' [act. intr.].
náájiyeesxíͅná'a 'he had killed him also, it is said'. 3rd person perf. of náá-si-...[si-perf.]-ł-ghéé 'to kill one also' [act. tr.]. náá- 'also, again'. See note 2.7, §5. See also, in passage 13 of the narrative, náázéłhíͅ 'I have killed him also', the first person perf. of this verb. Here, for some reason, the initial consonant of the prefix si- is voiced.
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