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| | 42 | Author: | Brooks
William Keith
1848-1908 | Add | | | Title: | The Oyster  | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | A citizen of Maryland will give the oyster a high
place in the list of our resources. The vast number
of oysters which the Chesapeake Bay has furnished in
the past is ample proof of its fertility, but it is difficult
to give any definite statement as to its value. Statistics,
even in recent years, are scanty and doubtful, and
it is not possible to estimate the number of oysters
which our beds have furnished to our people with any
accuracy, although it may be computed, approximately,
from indirect evidence. The business of
packing oysters for shipment to the interior was established
in Maryland in 1834, and from that date to
quite recent years it has grown steadily and constantly,
and, though small and insignificant at first, it
has kept pace with the development of our country,
the growth of our population, and the improvement
of means for transportation. For fifty-six years the
bay has furnished the oysters to meet this constantly
increasing demand. The middle of this period is the
year 1862, and as the greatest development of the
business has taken place since, the business of 1862
may be used as an average for the whole period,
with little danger of error through excess. We have
no statistics for 1862, but in 1865 C. S. Maltby made
a very careful computation of the oyster business of
the whole bay for the year. He says there were 1000
boats engaged in dredging and 1500 canoes engaged
in tonging. The dredgers gathered 3,663,125 bushels
of oysters in Maryland and 1,083,209 bushels in Virginia,
while 1,216,375 bushels were tonged in Maryland
and 981,791 bushels in Virginia, or 6,954,500 bushels
in all. About half of these were sent to Baltimore,
and the rest to the following cities in the following
order: Washington, Alexandria, Boston, Fair Haven,
New York, Philadelphia, Seaford, and Salisbury. Of
the 3,465,000 bushels which came to Baltimore, 625,000;
were consumed in the city and its vicinity, while
2,840,000 bushels were shipped to a distance by Baltimore
packers. Ten years later the harvest of oysters
from the bay had increased to 17,000,000 bushels,
and it has continued to increase, year after year, up
to the last few years. We may safely regard the
harvest of 1865 as an approximation to the annual
average for the whole period of fifty-six years, and
other methods of computation give essentially the
same result. Figure 1. The left side of an oyster lying in one
shell, with the other shell removed. The mantle has
been turned back a little, to show its fringe of dark-colored
tentacles, and in order to expose the gills.
The part of the mantle which is turned back in this
figure marks the place where the current of water
flows in to the gills. An oyster in the right valve of the shell, dissected
so as to show the internal organs. The anterior end
of the body is at the top of the figure, and the dorsal
surface on the right hand. Figure 1. A diagram to show the double-w-like
arrangement of the eight leaves forming the four gills.
The gill-chamber of the mantle is supposed to be on
the right and the cloacal chamber on the left. w is
the opening of a water tube. All the figures are highly magnified and all except
Figure 10 are autograph reproductions from the
author's drawings from nature. Figure 10 is copied
from a figure by R. T. Jackson in the American
Naturalist, December, 1890. Oysters fastened to the upper surface of a round
boulder, which had formed the ballast of some vessel
and had been thrown overboard in the bay, where the
lower half had become embedded in the bottom. The
figure, which is about one-fourth the size of the specimen,
shows the way in which the oysters grow, in
dense crowded clusters, on any solid body which raises
them above the mud. An old shoe, one-fourth natural size, upon which
there are forty oysters, large enough to be marketable,
besides a great number of smaller ones. Figure 2. An oyster shell upon the inside of
which about one hundred and fifty young oysters have
fastened themselves. This is one from the lot of shells
which were sold by Mr. Church, of Crisfield, from the
pile of shells at his packing-house, to an oyster farmer
in Long Island Sound. Mr. Church visited the farm
five weeks after the shells were shipped, and took up
a number of the shells, and he states that the one
which is here figured is a fair sample. (Tiles which were deposited in the Little Annamessex River
by Lieut. Francis Winslow, U. S. N., on July 9, 1879, for the
collection of oyster spat. From Winslow's Report on the Oyster
Beds of Tangier and Pokamoke Sounds.) Spat six weeks old, from a floating collector. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 43 | Author: | Clemons
Harry
1879-1968 | Add | | | Title: | Notes on the Professors for Whom the University of Virginia Halls and Residence Houses are Named | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | Bonnycastle is an apt name for an habitation,
but its appropriateness for one of the
University's Residence Houses stems from
the surname of one of the original Professors,
Charles Bonnycastle. He was born in
England in 1792, the son of a distinguished
Professor of Mathematics at the Royal Military
Academy at Woolwich. Two of John
Bonnycastle's sons achieved notable careers
in the New World. The elder of the two,
Sir Richard Bonnycastle, was a military
engineer in Canada. The younger, Charles,
received his training at Woolwich, and he
was holding a government appointment
when Francis Walker Gilmer, Jefferson's
agent in England to secure a Faculty for
the University of Virginia, persuaded him
to cast his lot with the newly fledged institution.
The voyage to the United States,
which Bonnycastle made with Robley
Dunglison, who was to be Professor of
Medicine, and Thomas Hewitt Key, to be
Professor of Mathematics, was a hazardous
initiation. The ship "Competitor" in which
they sailed was "an old log", and the voyage
was stormy, requiring three and a half
months. In fact, because of the delay, the
first session of the University of Virginia
could not begin until 7 March 1825. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 44 | Author: | Chase
Henry | Add | | | Title: | The North and the South | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | As the basis for future comparisons, in this work, the following
table is introduced, showing the area of the several States,
together with that of the two great sections, the North and the
South:
TABLE I.
Showing the Area of the Slave and the Free States.
SLAVE STATES.
Area in
Sq. Miles.
FREE STATES.
Area in
Sq. Miles.
Alabama
50,722
California
155,980
Arkansas
52,198
Connecticut
4,674
Delaware
2,120
Illinois
55,405
Florida
59,268
Indiana
33,809
Georgia
58,000
Iowa
50,914
Kentucky
37,680
Maine
31,766
Louisiana
41,255
Massachusetts
7,800
Maryland
11,124
Michigan
56,243
Mississippi
47,156
New Hampshire
9,280
Missouri
67,380
New York
47,000
North Carolina
50,704
New Jersey
8,320
South Carolina
29,385
Ohio
39,964
Tennessee
45,600
Pennsylvania
46,000
Texas
237,504
Rhode Island
1,306
Virginia
61,352
Vermont
10,212
Wisconsin
53,924
Total
851,448
Total
612,597 | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 46 | Author: | Clemons
Harry
1879-1968 | Add | | | Title: | The University of Virginia Library, 1825-1950 | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | THOMAS JEFFERSON was as completely the
founder of the University of Virginia Library as
he was the father of the University itself. The
central structure of the notable group of buildings
which he personally planned was designated by him for
the use of the Library. The initial collection of books was
selected by him, and by his efforts it was made possible
to acquire the collection chiefly by purchase. Because
of his wide and insatiable intellectual curiosity and of
his lifetime of enthusiastic adventures as a booklover, the
selection was of comprehensive scope and authoritative
quality. The books were arranged for use according to his
subject classification adapted from Francis Bacon. He chose
the first two Librarians, and he formulated the first library
regulations. During the nineteenth century there was a
moderate increase in the number of volumes. But until
the burning of the Rotunda in 1895, when a considerable
portion of his original collection was destroyed, this was
essentially Mr. Jefferson's University Library. The library
materials and equipment following 1895 have been secured
by the efforts of others. Yet even in this later period, there
has to an accelerating degree been regard for and emphasis
upon the intentions of the founder. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 47 | Author: | Sewell
David R.
1954- | Add | | | Title: | Mark Twain's Languages | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | "Mark Twain's philosophy of language": surely something
seems wrong with the phrase. It is pretentious, it claims too
much, it takes itself too seriously. Mark Twain was a novelist,
not an academic philosopher. Yet we would not balk if
the name were "Melville" or "James," or if "language" were
changed to "history" or "religion." Novelists can be philosophical,
and Mark Twain wrote at least one book, What Is
Man?, that claimed to be philosophy; the systematic determinism
of his later years is notorious.1 We readily grant him a
thorough amateur knowledge of European history but hesitate
to admit his expertise in the very medium of which we
claim he was a master. Why? | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 48 | Author: | Bersuire
Pierre
ca. 1290-1362 | Add | | | Title: | Metamorphosis Ovidiana moraliter a magistro Thoma Walleys anglico de professione ṕdicatorū subsanctissimo patre Dominico explanata | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | AVeritate quidam auditum auertent:ad fabu
las aũt cõuertentur.ij.Thi.iiij.ca. Dicit apo
stolus paulus prędicator & rigator fidei chri
stianę. Quod verbũ ad hoc possuminducere
[unknown character] plerũ[unknown character] fabulis:enigmatibus & poema
tibus est vtendũ vt exinde aliquis moralis
sensus extraha:ur:vt etiam falsitas veritati
famulari cogatur. Sic ete[unknown character] sacra scriptura in pluribus passibus
videtur fecisse vbi ad alicuius veritatis ostensionem fabulas
agnoscitur cõfecisse:sicut apparet in libro iudicũ ca.ix.de fabu
lis arborum volentiũ regem eligere. In ezechie[unknown character].ca.xvij.dea[unknown character]
la quę cedri medullam ficta est transportare. Sacra e[unknown character] scriptura
his & similibus fabulis solet vti vt exinde possit aliqua veritas
extrahi vel concludi. Simili modo fecerunt poetę qui in principio
fabulas finxerũt:quia per hmõi figmenta semper aliquam
veritatem intelligerevoluerunt. Constat e[unknown character] libros poeta[unknown character] trãs
currenti:[unknown character] vix aut nũ[unknown character] est dare fabulam [unknown character] n aliquã: aut natura
lem aut historicam cõtineat veritatem. V nde rabanus de naturis
rerum lib.xvj.ca.j.dicit [unknown character] officiũ poetę est:quę gesta sunt in
alias species obliquis figurationibus cum decore aliquo cõuertere.
Quapropter ibidẽ dici[unknown character] lucanũ nõ fuisse poetam: quia scilicet
visus est historias potius [unknown character] poetica cõfecisse. Latetigitur
qñ[unknown character] sub fabulis veritas naturalis sicut xempli gratia patet de
vulcano: qui a Iunone dici[unknown character] genitus: & de cælo in terram [unknown character]iectus:&
quia de alto cecidit fingitur claudus factus. Iuno enim
aerẽ significat qui reuera vulcanũ.i.istũ ignẽ quẽ hichabem9
generat:& eũ per elisionẽ imbriũ de alto eiicit:qui [unknown character]eo claudus
dici[unknown character]:quia flãma semper tortuose incedit. [unknown character] in fabulis aliquã
dolateat veritas historica patetĩ fabula persei & athlantis. Per
seuse[unknown character] dicitur gorgonẽ occidisse & cum eius capite athlantẽ
maximũ gigantemin montem qui athlas dicitur cõuertisse:[unknown character]a
scilicet perseus strenu9 gorgonẽ filiã phorci regis ĩinsulis meri
dionalibus quæ gorgonicę dicuntur regnabat occidit & vicit:
& caput eius.i.diuitias regnũ & substantiã tulit:cum quo exer
citũ cõgregauit:ita [unknown character] athlantẽ regem aphrcę superauit ipsum
Prologus in metamorphosimmoralísatã.
in mõtẽ fugere coegit:& sic in mõtẽ mutatũ poetica gaulita
ipsum dixit. Quia igitur video [unknown character] fcriptura vtitur fabulis ad ali
cuius rei ostensionẽ & [unknown character] etiã poetę fabulas finxerunt ad verita
tis tam naturalis [unknown character] historicę designationem cõgruummihi vi
sum est post moralizatas rerũ [unknown character] prietates post [unknown character] ad mores reducta
naturę o[unknown character]a: etiã ad moralizãdum fabulas poetarũ: manũ ap
ponere: vt sic [unknown character] ipsas fictiones hoĩm possint morũ & fidei my-
teria cõfirmari. Licitũ est e[unknown character] [unknown character] hõ si possit de spinis vuas col-
igat: mel de petra sugat: oleũ [unknown character] de saxo durissimo sumat sibi:&
quasi de thesauris ęgiptiorũ tabernaculũ fœderis ædificet & cõponat
sicut etiã & Ouidius dicit. Fas est & ab hoste doceri. Ve-
ũ quia de litterali fabularumintellectuiam p[unknown character]imi tractauerunt
scilicet fulgentius Alexander:& Seruius & alij nõnulli quia litte
ralis intellectus non est [unknown character]positi vbi scilicet non agi[unknown character] nisi de reductione
morali: quia insu[unknown character] forte valde difficile ĩmo forte ĩpos
sibile est: sicut bene deducit Aug.de ciui.dei lib.ij.litteralem rõ
nem de oĩbus fabulis assignare: cumlipse Tullius lib.iij. de natura
deorum dicat [unknown character] magnã molestiã & minime necessariã suscepit
zeno prim9: post cleanthes: deinde crisippus cõmentitia-
ũ fabularũ reddere rõnem Hinc est [unknown character] in præsenti opusculo q[unknown character]
huius voluminis mei [unknown character]ticulam effe volo nõ intendo nisi rarissi
e litteralem sensum fabulrũ tangere: sed solũ circa moralem
ensum & allegoicã expositionẽ laborare sequẽdo.s.librũ Oui
dij qui dici[unknown character] metamorphoseos: vbirecte viden[unknown character] quasi [unknown character] modũ
tabulę oẽs fabulę congregatę. Distingãigitur istũ tractatum in
xv.ca.secũdum.xv.lib.in prædicto Ouidij volumine cõtẽtos
Aliquas tñin aliquibus adĩungã fabulas quas in alijs locis reperi.
Aliquasetiã detrahã & omittã quas nõnecessarias iudica
i. Nõ moueat tñ aliquẽquod dicunt aliqui fabulas poetarum
alias fuisse moralizatas:& ad instantiam dominę iohãnę quõdam
reginę franciæ dudũ in rithmũgallicũ fuisse trãslatas: [unknown character]a
reuera opus ill[unknown character] nequa[unknown character] me legisse memĩ.de quo bñ doleo: [unknown character]a
ipsum inuenire nequiut. Illud e[unknown character] labores meos [unknown character] plurimũ re-
euasset: ingenium meũ etiã adiuuisset. Non e[unknown character] fuissẽ dedignatus
expositiones in passibus multis sumere & auctorẽ eaũ hũiliter
allegare. Sed ante[unknown character] ad fabulas descendã prĩo de formis &
figurisdeorũ aliqua dicã. Veruntamen [unknown character]a deo[unknown character] ipso[unknown character] imagines
scriptas vel pictas alicubi nõ potui re[unknown character]ire: habui cosulereve
nerabilẽvirũ magistrũ Franciscũ de petato poetam vti[unknown character] [unknown character]fun
dũ in scĩa:& facũdũn eloquẽtia:& exptũ in o poetica & histo-
disci[unknown character]lina:[unknown character] pręfatas imagines in quodã o[unknown character]e suo eleganti
De Saturno Fo.II.a ij
mero describit. Discurrere etiã libros fulgẽtij. Alexã.& rabni
v de diuersis [unknown character]tib9 trahã figurã v[unknown character] imaginẽ quã dijs istis fictitijs
voluerũt antiqui secũdũ rões phisicas assignare cũ anti[unknown character] p[unknown character]es
deos posuerũt & quasdã rerũ virtutes deos crediderũt & appellauerũt:
vtpote: [unknown character]a [unknown character] sĩtellexerũt [unknown character] saturnũ: ętherẽ [unknown character] iouẽ: aerẽ
[unknown character] iunonẽ: aquã [unknown character] thetidẽ: mare [unknown character] neptunũ: terrã [unknown character] cibelẽ: solẽ [unknown character]
apollinẽ: lunã [unknown character] dianã.& sic de alijs. V ndeipsi antiqui [unknown character]a volue
rũt res naturales vel saltẽ ipsarũ rerũ naturaliũ virtutes deos di
cere:iõ ad hoc volueru nt aliquas aliquo [unknown character] historias applicare.
Primo & añ oĩa videndũ est de saturno qualẽ supponeba[unknown character] hĩe
for mã:& [unknown character]lẽ ĩ scripturis & picturis obtinebat imaginẽ & formã | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 49 | Author: | Bersuire
Pierre
ca. 1290-1362. | Add | | | Title: | Albrici philosophi et poetae doctissimi, Libellus de Deorum imaginibus | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | SAturnus primus deorũ supponebatur,
& pingebatur, ut homo
senex, canus, prolixa barba,
curu9, tristis, & pallidus, tecto ca
pite, colore glauco, qui una manu,
sed dextra falcem tenebat, & in eadẽ serpentis
poreabat imaginem, qui caudam pro
priam dentibus commordebat, Altera ueró,
scilicet sinistra, filiũ paruulũ ados applicabat,
& eum deuorare uidebatur, qui iuxta se habe
bat filios Iouem, scilicet, Neptunum, Plutonẽ
& Iunonem, quorum uirilia Iupiter amputabat,
ante quem erat mare depictum, in quod
Iupiter dicta uirilia abscissa proijciebat, de
quibus Venus puella pulcherrima nasceba[unknown character].
L sbatur.
uxta autem ipsum Saturm erat imago O
pis uxoris suæ in cuiusdam similitudindẽ matronę
depicta, quæ aperta manu dextra, opẽ
omnibus uelle dare prætendebat, panem ue
rò manu sinistra pauperibus porrigebat. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 51 | Author: | Wang
Chong
27-97? | Add | | | Title: | Lunheng | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | Wang Ch`ung is a native of Shang-yü-hsien1
1In Shao-hsing-fu (Chekiang).
in K`uei-chi2
2Under the Han dynasty K`uei-chi comprises Chekiang, the South of Anhui,
and the North of Fukien.
. His
style is Chung Jên. His family hails from Yuan-ch`êng3
3In Ta-ming-fu (Chili).
in the Wei4
4A circuit comprising parts of Chili and Honan.
circuit. One of his clan, Sun-yi, served his whole life as a soldier,
and distinguished himself so much, that he was appointed warden
of the southern part of K uei-chi, but, when one year a disturbance
broke out, which disorganised the State, he continued to reside
there, and became a farmer and cultivator of mulberry-trees. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 56 | Author: | Huan
K'uan
1st cent. B.C. | Add | | | Title: | Discourses On Salt and Iron | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | a. It so happened that in the sixth year of the shih-yüan era1
1In the second month of the sixth year of Chao Ti's reign according to the Ch'ienhan-shu,
ch. VII (81 B. C.). See Introduction.
an Imperial edict directed the Chancellor2
2. Chang*
*Note: References to the principal editions and commentators will be given hereafter
as Chang (Chang Chih-hsiang), Lu (Lu Wên-chao) and Wang (Wang Hsien-ch'ien). The
various editors are discussed under "Editions of the Yen T'ieh Lun" in the Introduction.
inserts a note based upon T'ien Ch'ien-ch'iu's
biography to prove that T'ien was the "Chancellor" of the debate; also known as
.
and the Imperial secretaries3
3: Yü-shih, i.e., Sang Hung-yang , the "Lord Grand Secretary",
and his assistants. Son of a shop-keeper of Loyang, he was made a at the
age of thirteen due to his ability in "mental arithmetic" . In 110 B.C. he
was promoted . For his biography, cf. Ch'ien-han-shu, XXIV, 6.
to confer with the recommended Worthies and Literati,4
4: the Worthies and Literati who took part in the
debate had been selected and recommended in the preceding year, (Ch'ien-han-shu, ch. VII).
Persons so designated were first called upon to discuss official affairs in the 11th month
of the second year of Wên Ti's reign. See the edict in Ch'ien-han-shu, ch. IV., where
the Emperor summons them to .
and to enquire of them as to the rankling grievances among the
people.5
5; thus the actual subject for discussion was not specifically
"the salt and iron monopolies", as indicated in the title of the work. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 60 | Author: | Slaughter
Philip
1808-1890 | Add | | | Title: | The History of Truro Parish in Virginia | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | Among the prominent features in the physiognomy
of Eastern Virginia are the great rivers
which run from the blue mountains and pour their
streams into the bosom of the "Mother of
Waters," as the Indians called the Chesapeake
Bay. Along these rivers, which were then the
only roads, the first settlers penetrated the wilderness.
This explains the seeming anomaly, that
the first Parishes and counties often included both
sides of broad rivers, it being easier to go to Court
and to Church by water, than through forests by
what were called in those days "bridle paths."
Hence Parishes were often sixty or more miles
long and of little breadth. The space between the
rivers was called "Necks." Among the most historic
of these was the Northern Neck, which included
all the land between the Potomac and the
Rappahannock rivers from their head springs to
the Chesapeake Bay. This was the princely plantation
of Lord Fairfax. Within this territory were
the seats of the Fairfaxes, Washingtons, Masons,
McCartys, Fitzhughs, Brents, Alexanders, Lewises,
Mercers, Daniels, Carters, Dades, Stuarts,
Corbins, Tayloes, Steptoes, Newtons, Browns,
Lees, Thorntons, Balls, Smiths, and other leading
families too many to mention, who dispensed an
elegant hospitality at Northumberland House,
Nomini, Stratford, Chantilly, Mount Airy, Sabine
Hall, Bedford, Albion, Cedar Grove, Boscobel,
Richland, Marleborough, Woodstock, Gunston,
Belvoir, Woodlawn, Mount Vernon, etc. Beginning
at Lancaster, county was taken from county,
Parish from Parish, as the population of each
passed the frontiers, until in 1730 Prince William
was taken from Stafford and King George Counties,
above Chappawansick Creek and Deep Run,
and along the Potomac, to the "Great Mountains."
This became also Hamilton Parish; which Parish,
by an Act of the General Assembly passed at the
Session of May, 1732, to take effect the first of the
following November, was divided into two Parishes
"By the river Ockoquan, and the Bull Run,
(a branch thereof,) and a course from thence to the
Indian Thoroughfare of the Blue Ridge of Mountains,"
(Ashby's Gap.) All that part of Prince
William lying below the said bounds was to retain
the name of Hamilton, "And all that other part of
the said county, which lies above those bounds,
shall hereafter be called and known by the name
of Truro." The Parish was named after the Parish
in Cornwall, in England, which is now the Diocese
of Truro. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
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