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1Author:  Jefferson Thomas 1743-1826Requires cookie*
 Title:  The Jeffersonian Cyclopedia  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Text collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
 Description: Sir—In response to your letter, I have to advise you that the text of the Declaration of Independence (the original MS.) as signed by the delegates, reads, at the point of your inquiry—“unalienable rights”, while the text of Jefferson's MS. draft, as amended in committee by Franklin and Adams, reads “inalienable rights”. The latter is the paper printed in Ford's edition of Jefferson's Writings, in fac simile.
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2Author:  University of Virginia Alumni AssociationRequires cookie*
 Title:  Directory of the Living Alumni of the University of Virginia, 1931  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
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3Author:  Wingfield Marshall b. 1893Requires cookie*
 Title:  A History of Caroline County, Virginia  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
 Description: "To Colonel George Washington, "The Lodge, August 6th, 1775: "Patrick Coutts, Robert Gilchrist, John Cross, John Gray, James Miller, William Fox, Gideon Johnston, Alex Rose, Andrew Crawford, John Crawford, John Miller, Collin Riddick, and Thomas Landrum and John Douglass visiting brethren. "Two preachers from Kentucky, Hudgins and Warden by name, of the Society called Baptists, are preaching about here. They are extremely warm in their sermons, denouncing wickedness in very strong terms. Their preaching is having considerable effect on the people. Four of my negroes have applied to me for notes to go to the meetings and relate their experiences and be baptized, provided the Church will receive them. I should be pleased if this attention to religion among them should be well grounded in a proper faith in our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ, and not be from over-persuasion, hurrying them, without proper consideration, into the arms of the earthly Church, relying on membership therein for salvation. This fear and doubt of mine arises from the short time many of them spend in meditation before beoming Church-members. I am afraid that when the enthusiasm of the moment passes they, not being grounded, will fall back slowly or violently into the old habits thereby bringing dishonour upon religion." "It was a grief to me to learn that you had made up your mind not to return to us. I shall miss you from your place in my class, and, as I had hoped, in my list of graduates. But I do not doubt that you have acted wisely: and your education is already ample for you to make of yourself whatever you wish to become. If, as you propose, you go into the Church, your excellent English style, accurate and simple, will be your best outfit: and your knowledge of Greek, and, as I believe, of Latin, will enable you to carry on your professional studies to any extent, and to become a distinct force in giving to our somewhat narrow and degraded forms of religion a wider, truer and nobler development. One man now who is capable of dealing with the sacred texts of Christianity and with the early records of the primitive Church, as an accurate and scholarly interpreter of what they mean, is worth an hundred who in their blind ignorance go on narrowing and degrading the faith into erroneous perversions. * * *  "To the Inhabitants of Frincess Anne and Norfolk Counties: "Under the Regal Government I was a Whig in principle, considering it as designed for the good of society, and not for the aggrandizement of its officers, and influenced in my legislative and judicial character by that principle, when the dispute with Britain began, a redress of grievances, and not a revolution of Government, was my wish; in this I was firm but temperate, and whilst I was endeavoring to raise the timid to a general united opposition by stating to the uninformed the real merits of the dispute, I opposed and endeavored to moderate the violent and fiery, who were plunging us into rash measures, and had the happiness to find a majority of all the public bodies confirming my sentiments, which, I believe, was the corner-stone of our success. Although I so long, and to so high a degree, experienced the favour of my county, I had always some enemies; few indeed, and I had the consolation to believe that their enmity was unprovoked, as I was ever unable to guess the cause, unless it was my refusing to go lengths with them as their partisan. I cannot note your passing from the high office of Adjutant-General of the State of Virginia, without feelings of the deepest regret. In one capacity or another, I have looked to you for military administration and guidance for upwards of twenty years. I gained my first ideas and ideals of military thoroughness and efficiency from you as inspector general when in the old days you inspected my company with eyes that seemed to search out every defect, but always with the spirit of kindliness and helpfulness.
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4Author:  unknownRequires cookie*
 Title:  Hau Kiou Choaan :  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
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5Author:  unknownRequires cookie*
 Title:  Hau Kiou Choaan  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
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6Author:  unknownRequires cookie*
 Title:  Hau Kiou Choaan  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
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7Author:  unknownRequires cookie*
 Title:  Hau Kiou Choaan  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
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8Author:  Baudelaire Charles 1821-1867Requires cookie*
 Title:  Intimate Journals  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
 Description: Even though God did not exist, Religion would be none the less holy and divine.
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9Author:  Exquemelin A. O. (Alexandre Olivier)Requires cookie*
 Title:  De Americaensche Zee-roovers  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
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10Author:  Exquemelin A. O. (Alexandre Olivier)Requires cookie*
 Title:  Bucaniers of America:  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
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11Author:  Exquemelin A. O. (Alexandre Olivier)Requires cookie*
 Title:  Bucaniers of America:  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
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12Author:  Exquemelin A. O. (Alexandre Olivier)Requires cookie*
 Title:  Histoire Des Avanturiers Qui Se Sont Signalez Dans Les Indes :  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
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13Author:  Exquemelin A. O. (Alexandre Olivier)Requires cookie*
 Title:  Histoire Des Avanturiers Qui Se Sont Signalez Dans Les Indes :  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
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14Author:  Virginia Company of LondonRequires cookie*
 Title:  The Records of the Virginia Company of London  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
 Description: Sr Thomas Smith knt Thr̃er. Sr Edwin Sandis. Sr Nath. Rich. mr Wm Bell. Sr Iohn Dãuers. Sr Io: Wolstenholme. mr Humfry Handford. Sr Iohn Merrick. Sr Wm Russell. mr Rich: Rogers. Sr Dudley Diggs. Sr Tho: Wilford. mr Iohn fferrar. Sr Nicholas Tufton. mr Aldr̃an Iohnson. mr Clitheroe. Sr Samuell Sandis. mr Morrice Abott. mr Caning. Sr Henry Rainsford. mr Thomas Gibbs. mr Ditchfeild. Cr. Sr Robt Wayneman. mr Thomas Stiles. Sr Tho: Cheeke. mr Wm Greenwell. Wheras the number of One hundreth Children whose names are hearafter menc̃oned were the last Springe sent and transported to the Virginia Company from the Cittie of London vnto Virginia And towards the charge and for the transportac̃on and apparrellinge of the same One hundreth Children a Collecc̃on of the some of ffive hundreth pounds was made of divers well & godly disposed p̱sons [74] Charitably mynded towards the Plantac̃on in Vir- ginia dwellinge wthin the Citty of London and Subvrbs theirof, and thervppon the same ffive hundreth pounds was paid vnto the saide Company for the pur- pose aforesaid, And thervppon for the good of the same Children and in Considerac̃on of the premises, Itt is fully concluded ordered & decreed by and Att a generall Quarter Courte this day houlden by ye Treasuror Councell and Company of Virginia that every of the same Children wch are now liveing att the charges and by the provision of ye said Virginia Company, shalbe educated and brought vpp in some good Trade and profession wherby they may be enabled to gett their liveinge and maynteyne themselvs when they shall attaine their seuerall ages of ffower and twenty years or be outt of their Apprenti- ships, which shall endure att the least seaven years if they soe longe live. The Letter. A Letter dated the 7o of Nouember i621 directed to mr Deputy ffarrar and to the rest of the Counsell and Companie for Virginia Whereas I sent the Treasuror and yor selues a letter subscribed Dust and Ashes wch promised 550li to such vses therein expressed, and did soone afterward, accordinge to my promise send the said money to Sr Edwin Sandys to be deliuered to the Companie, In wch letter I did not strictly order the bestow- inge of the said money but shewed my intent for the conversion of Infidellℯ
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15Author:  Virginia Company of LondonRequires cookie*
 Title:  The Records of the Virginia Company of London  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
 Description: Present Right Honoble: Lo: Cauendish1 1The handwriting of most of the first two hundred and fifty pages of this volume is the same as that of the latter part of the first volume. It has there been referred to as that of the fourth copyist. Sr Edwin Sandys. mr Ro: Smith. mr Iadwin. Sr Iohn Dãuers. mr Binge. mr Kingstone. Sr Iohn Brooke. mr Wilmer. mr Ditchfeild. Sr Walter Earle. Capt: Tucker. mr Caswell. Sr Edward Lawly. mr Addison. mr Sparrowe. mr Dept̃ ffarrar. mr Kightley. mr Wood mr Gibbs. mr Withers. mr Geo: Smith. mr Wrote. mr Berblocke. mr Copland. mr Paulavicine. mr Winne. mr Widdowes. mr Barnard. mr Balmeford. mr ffelgate. mr Bromefeild. mr Nich: ffarrar. mr Cuffe. mr Shippard. mr Meuerell. mr D'Lawne. mr Tomlins. mr Mellinge. mr Barbor. mr Risely. mr Robertℯ. mr ffogge. mr ffoxton. with diuers others. Sr Wee receaved your letters by the George1 1The caption and the first eight words of this letter are in the autograph of Nicholas Ferrar. directed to the right Honoble Lordeℯ Cr But before the receipt whereof wee had finished ours wch wee purposed to haue sent to you by this conveyance without expectinge the Georges com̃inge but by the vnexpected contenteℯ of yours wee are driuen to lay aside our former and breifely to declare our mindeℯ in this wherein wee take no pleasure. [28] Wee are now enforced to write unto your Ldp: of important matter of another nature which is touching mr Samuell Argoll whom wee made Gouernour in your Lordps absence. Wee make noe doubte but hee hath deliuered the Gouerment wth an accompt of his doings into your Lõps hands. Wee haue received from him by the George a very straunge letter which together wth those Informations yt wee haue agaynst him by sundry Witnesses lately com̃ from thence doe importe more discontent to the Aduenturers heare & more hazard to the Plantation then euer did any other thing yt befell that Action from the beginning. His discontentℯ in yt wee subscribed our letter sent unto him wth few hands, our terming him to bee but Deputy Gouernour hee dis- dayning to bee Deputy to any man, our letters to bee deliuered unto him by soe meane a man as the Cape-merchaunt wth many such like wch wee pass ouer. And briefely1 1Written over "cheifely." wee must complayne to your Lõp of his neglecting and trans- gressing our Commission and Instructions. First hee hath made away all the Kyne belonging to the Colony and taken satisfaction for them to himselfe wheras wee gaue him express chardge in his Instructions to preserue and nourish them to the Common use except some few which wee had disposed whereof wee writt him in perticular. He hath suffered passengers mariners and others wth out restraynte to shipp moast of the Tobacko and all the Sassa- fras for themselues which by order of Courte at certayne rates agreed uppon are appropriated to the Magazine—Hee armes himselfe and other wth uniust accusations agaynst us to ouerthrow the magazine. Without which wee know assuredly yt neither the Adventurers heare nor the Plantation there can long subsist. Hee hath gotten possession and keepes back our Hydℯ under pre- tence of being Admirall wch cost our ioynt stock well neare—400li—wth a greate deale of toyle and trouble before wee could obtayne them wth his obsti- nate refusall to deliver them hee hath doñ us soe greate displeasure at the returns of this ship as hee could not haue worked to haue doñ us a greater. Hee hath forbidden all trade and commerce wth the Indians but trades amongs[t] them wth the Summer Island Frigott and our men to his owne benefitt. Hee takes the auncient Collony men which should now bee free and our men from the Common Garden to sett them aboute his owne imployment and wth the Collonys stoare of Corne feeds his men hee proclayℯ noe man shall dare to buy any thing of Furr ∥of the Indians∥ but himself as yf the Plantation and ye people there were ordayned onely to serue his turne. Theese and to many like Errours of his are layde to his chardge for wch the Adventurers heare will noe ways bee satisfyd wth out his personall appearance to make his Aunsweare and they are hardly restrayned notwth standing the Kinges [farr of in?] progress from going to the Court to make there Complaynte and to procure his Mats commaund to fech him home and therefore wee pray yr Lordp for the avoyding of farther scandall and slaunder to the Gouerment of our Plantation yt you will cause him to bee shipped home in this ship the William and Thomas to satisfy the Adventurers by aunswearing such things as shall be layde to his chardge and for yt wee suppose there will bee found many misdemeanours of his for wch hee must make satisfaction to the Compagny wee pray your Lorpt to ceaze upon such goods of his as Tobacko and Furrs wherof it is reported hee hath gotten together a greate stoare to the Collonies preiudice and to sende them to us to bee in deposite till all matters bee satisfyd and yt yr Lop: would bee pleased to take back agayne thos Kyne and Bullocks wch by his unlawfull sale are dispersed heare and there and yt they may bee brought together agayne to the Collonies use and to such others of the Hundreds as the Generall Courte by yr Lopps consent did order and appoynt. Iohn Seuerne Maisters mate of the Iames affirmeth, that cominge one morninge to Captaine ∥Natha∥ Butler for some monny due to him from the said Cap- taine, hee the said Captaine brought a Writinge in his hand sayinge hee had been wth the Kinge and protested that the writinge was for the good of the Contry and desyred him the said Iohn Seuerne to sett his hand there vnto and began to read some of itt butt the said Seuerne beinge in great hast did not attend the matter nor give ear what itt was butt sett his hand to the writinge, esteeminge and conceivinge Capt Butler to be a ∥verie∥ worthy man but since vnderstanding yt itt was a writinge in disgrace of the Country the said Iohn Seuerne doth Disavowe the said writinge, as vntrue, and protesteth that hee vppon his Oath must say the contrary. Iohn Lowe Boatswaine of the Iames cominge alonge wth Iohn Seuerne to Capt: Butler sett his hand likewise to the writinge esteeminge Capt Butler to be a verie worthy gentleman and heard not but a few lines onely of ye said writinge read wthout markinge itt, butt now hee vnderstandinge yt itt was a writinge in Disgrace of the Country hee Disauoweth his said handwritinge, and protest- eth that vppon his Oath hee must say the contrary. A Declarac̃on made by the Counsell for Virginia and Principall Assist- ants for ye Sumer Ilandes of their Iudgments touchinge our ∥one∥ originall great cause of the dissentions in ye Companies and present opposic̃ons. The most humble petic̃on of ye Companies for Virginia & ye Sum̃er Ilandℯ. Wee whose names hereafter followe have audited the Accompts in this Booke p̢sented vnto vs by mr Nicholas fferrar Deputy, of his Disbursments for the generall Company and wee finde the estate therof to stand thus—(vizt) Wee the Auditors and Comittees of ye Company for Virginia hauing this present Twelueth of May 1623. audited ye accompts of the Right honoble Henry Earle of South̴ton for ye yeare Last past begining at the Two and Twentith of May 1622, vntill this present Twelueth of May 1623, doe find that there hath beene receaued by the said Right honoble the some of 320li of monyes taken vp at interest accordingly as in the said Account is expressed; for wch monies mr Iohn fferrar hath giuen his Bondℯ vnto ye Lady Rumny for 200li and to mr Melling for 120li So that ye Virginia Company doe owe mr Iohn fferrar the some of Three hundred & twenty poundℯ. In witnes whereof wee haue here- vnder sett our handℯ, Dated the Twelueth of May 1623. The Treasuror and Company of Aduenturers and Planters of the Citty of London for the first Colony in Virginia to all vnto whome these presentℯ shall come greetinge: Wheras Nicholas fferrar Deputy Treasuror of the said Company hath by one Booke of Accompt of his Office of Deputishipp of the said Company extendinge from the 2 2A blank space in manuscript. day of May 1622 till the 25th daie of Ivne 1623 exhibited vnto ye Courtℯ of ye [331] said Thr̃er and Compa: a true and p̱fect Acco of all monneys by him receaved for ye vse of the said Company; In wch accompt hee hath allso p̱ticularly declared how the said monneys haue been disbursed and expended for the vse of ye said Company by lawfull warrants wth Receipts endorced or subscribed or otherwise Wch Accomptℯ accordinge to the Orders of the said Company haue been dulie examined Audited and approved by the Auditors of the said Company as appeareth vnder their hands, and afterward the said Booke of Accompt haue layne openly on the Table in the Courtℯ of ye said Treasuror and Company duringe the time in ye said Companies Orders appoynted and noe excepc̃on hath been taken to itt. The said Thr̃er and Company therfore accordinge to their Orders in that case established haue for them and their Successors acquitted and dis- charged and by these p̢ñts doe for ever acquitt and discharge the said Nicholas fferrar his heirs executors and Administrators of and from all and everie the said Monneys by him received and of and from all further Accomptℯ by him to be rendred for the same. And of and from all Acc̃ons Suites and Demaunds for or by reason of the monneys or Accompt aforesaid; In wittness wherof the said Thresuror and Company haue hereto caused their Legall Seale to be affixed. Given in a great and Generall Quarter Court of ye said Thr̃er & Company held the five and twentieth day of Ivne 1623. And in the years of the Raigne of our Soveraigne Lord Iames by the grace of God Kinge of England Scotland ffraunce and Ireland defendour of ye fayth Cr vizt of England ffraunce and Ireland the one and Twentieth and of Scotland the six and ffiftieth. To the Kings most Excellent Matie: The humble Petic̃on of Iohn Boyse, Richard Brewster, Henry Wentworth, Williã Perry, William Best and others the poore Planters in Virginia Most humbly shewinge. That where yor Matie for the advancement of ye Plantac̃on in Virginia, & encourragment of Aduenturers thither was heretofore most graciously pleased to pryveledge ye said Aduenturers from payinge any Custome, or Impost vppon their Tobacco Cr vntill the said Plantac̃on by Peace became somwhat settled and enabled to returne such duties to yor Maty: aswell in gratefull acknowledgment of yor Maties: said favour as in regard of ye many great ayds and supplies they received from many Collections & Contribuc̃ons flowinge from yor Maties: like gracious disposic̃on towards the good of the said Plantac̃on. Butt now soe itt is that aswell ye generall State of yt Plantac̃on, as the p̱ticuler of every Planter beinge fallen into a farr worse and poorer estate then they were in former times when yor Matie spared to demaund those duties. And yor Petic̃oners p̱takinge in the generall Calamitie of famine and scarsitie, sick- nes, mortallitie and bloody Massacre wch hath befallen the said Collony, haue p̱ticulerly been more neerly pressed then ever, not onely with the now vrginge and Continuall assaultℯ and surprizes of the incensed enemie wherby they are inforced by one halfe of their men to secure and gaurd the §labour of ye§ other, butt allsoe by the many Imposic̃ons and Levies laide and made vppon them towards the support of the Company from whence heretofore they were wont to receive releife. By wch occasions beinge impoverished if they shalbe com- pelled to pay yor Maties: Imposic̃on vppon Tobacco (made cheap by the great glutt of that Comoditie from Spaine and other partℯ) beinge 6d p̱ pound, and the Custome 3d p̱ pound (the Customers haueinge abated 3d) this 9d wth other incident charges will make the cleered proffitt soe little that out of that (though yor Peticonrs: sole help) itt wilbe impossible for them to raise such supplies of provision as must necessarily be returned thither, much less shall they be any wayes enabled to send such more Company of men and servantℯ as they doe otherwise intend for and towards the advancement of the said Plantac̃on. [374] The Petic̃oners most humbly therfore pray That yor Matie out of yor Princely Compassion to the many endurances of yor Peticoners (many of them haueinge been the ruynes of the late Massacre) and most gracious affecc̃on to the good of that Plantac̃on for releife of yor Petic̃on- ers and encourragment of them to continue and others to becom Adventurers in the same, Graciously consideringe the premisses and that as greate or greater causes returne for contynuinge of yor Maties former favour to them, will ther- fore be graciously pleased. To abate for the present yor Maties: Impost of 6d p̱ pound vppon the Tobacco now brought in by the said Planters wherby they intend not to preiudice yor Matie for the future butt onely to releive and able them- selvs for the present to returne and settle in their Plantac̃ons, And by yor Maties: most gracious takinge yor said Planters into yor Royall mercie and Protecc̃on to free them for ye future from the greivous Imposic̃ons of the said Company wherby they shalbe better enabled herafter to render more cheerfully yor Maties: said Duties: And yor petic̃oners Cr. Att the Court att Theobalds 8th Aprill 1624: His Matie beinge verie Compassionate of the miseries and povertie of the Planters (and willinge they should haue releife) is graciously pleased to referr the Consideracon therof to the right Honoble: the Lord Treasuror and Mr Chancellor of the Exchequor yt some good order beinge established amongst them they be not soe much opprest by the Company as is alleadged and that they haue such releife concerneinge ye Impost as they in their wisedomes (weighinge the Petic̃oners necessities) shall finde most Convenyent. wcihinge
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16Author:  Virginia Company of LondonRequires cookie*
 Title:  The Records of the Virginia Company of London  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
 Description: It was proposed;1 1 Blank space in the manuscript. that some forme of writinge in way of Iusti- fication of our plantation might be conceiued, and pass, (though not by publique authorytye) into many handes. The motion seemed to have these inducements. Right Honorable and Worthy:
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17Author:  Virginia Company of LondonRequires cookie*
 Title:  The Records of the Virginia Company of London  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
 Description: Most reuerend Fath9 in God, right trusty & welbeloued Counsello9, wee greete you well. You haue§ heard§ ere this time of the attempt of diuerse worthie men or subiectℯ to plant in Virginia (under ye warrant of or ɫres patentℯ) people of this kingdome, aswell for ye enlarging of or Dominions as for propagation of the Gospell amongst Infidells: wherein there is good progresse made, and hope of further increase. So as the Vndertakers of yt Plantation are now in hand wth the erecting of some Churches & Schooles for the education of the children of those Barbarians: wch cannot be but to them a very greate charge, and aboue the expence wch for the civill plantation doth come to them. In wch wee doubt not but that you and all others who wish well to the encrease of Christian Religion wilbe willing to giue all assistance and furtherance yow may: and therein to make experience of the zeale and devotion of or well minded subiectℯ especially those of the Clergie. Wherefore wee do require yow, and hereby authorize yow to write yor ɫres to ye seuerall Bishops of ye Diocesses in yor Province, that they do giue order to the Ministers & other zelous men of their Diocesses, both by their owne example in contribution, and by exhortation to others, to mooue our people wthin their seuerall charges, to contribute to so good a worke in as liberall a manner as they may, ffor the better aduancing whereof, our pleasure is, that those Collections be made in all the particuler parishes foure seuerall times wthin these two yeares next comming: And that the seuerall Accountℯ of each parish, together wth the moneys collected, be retourned from time to time, to the Bps of the Dioceses, and by them be transmitted half yearely to you and so to be deliuered to ye Treasurors of that planta- tion, to be imployed for ye godly purposes intended, and no other.
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18Author:  Carkin PhilenaRequires cookie*
 Title:  Papers of Philena Carkin  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
 Description: The New England Freedmens Aid Society was organized Feb. 7th 1862, having its headquarters in Room 8 Studio Building Tremont St. Boston Mass.
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19Author:  Carkin PhilenaRequires cookie*
 Title:  Reminiscences of Philena Carkin  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
 Description: During the first and second years of my work in Charlottesville we had occasional visits from a Mr. Frost who was, I think, located at Gordonsville. I have no numbers of the Freedmens Record for 1866, and do not remember what position he held under the Society in Boston, but I think he had some kind of supervision over the schools in that vicinity. I recall that our supplies of books etc came through him. It was only for a short time that he was in any way connected with our schools. I never saw her but once. She was a tall, finely formed, handsome woman — I think a quadroon. The most noticeable feature about her was the weary look of sadness in her large brown eyes. My friend who was with me when we had occasion to meet her on a matter of business knew her story which she related, substantially as follows. Joanna was unlike Margaret. She had so little of the negro blood in her veins that no one would have suspected she was not pure white. Her master was a wealthy plantation owner, who had so many slaves that half of them could pass him by unrecognized — a not uncommon circumstance on large plantations, I imagine. As far as I know Joanna was comfortable and happy enough in her life on the plantation. She probably had enough to eat, and was kindly treated according to the code of slavery. But one day she found herself in a new position as regards the life of a slave woman. She had become a mother. She had heretofore felt but little anxiety about herself and her own future, but what about her child? She knew that little children were often sold from their mothers at a tender age. It was not uncommon on her masters plantation. What should she do? How prevent this dreadful possibility? For weeks and months she was haunted by the horrible fear that some day her child would be taken from her until at last her mind was made up to escape from slavery by running away. I do not know how she got away from her masters plantation with her child unsuspected, but she succeeded in reaching the railway station some miles distant without any trouble. There one of the first persons she saw was her master. He did not recognize her as his chattel or even as a colored woman. He saw in her He saw in her only a young lady travelling without an attendant, and encumbered with an infant, so he kindly assisted her upon the train, found her a seat, and performed such other acts of courtesy as his chivalrous nature suggested, then left her undisturbed to pursue her journey North. Whether he ever learned that he had assisted one of his own slaves to escape I do not know. The following anecdote will serve to show that chivalry, which the southern white man has so long claimed as a trait peculiar to himself, may sometimes be found among the humblest of Gods children. She was a dressmaker — a quiet, hard working woman, with a very small amount of negro blood in her veins, being in fact so nearly white that one would hardly suspect she had any. She sent at different times all of her children to my school — four boys and a girl. The father of these children was a prominent white citizen of the place, and none of the boys showed any trace of color, having fair skins and light, straight hair. The little girl was somewhat darker with a slightly yellow tinge in her complexion. This was all that hinted of her African descent. Arriving in Charlottesville last Friday I found your letter and now acknowledge its receipt with many thanks. Although I date my letters from this place Charlottesville is still my home — Keswick is my express office. Words of mine cannot express the obligations I am under to you for the letter sent me in April. I have been tardy in answering, as I wished I wished to gather some information which I knew would interest you. I feel sure you will do your best in the matter of the books so I will proceed to give you an idea of the changes in Charlottesville and its surroundings I am unable to find words to express my gratitude for the letters you are so kind as to write to me. Please to accept my thanks for your interest in my school. I will endeavor to give you a description of it. We are situated about 10 miles east of Charlottesville, on the old "Richmond Turnpike," and have a neat house. The ground (one acre) was furnished by the patrons, and the School Board put up the house for us, after we had got half the lumber and paid for hauling all the materials used. We got the lumber by each patron giving so many pine trees on the stump, and so determined were they all to have the house that a number of the larger boys would go into the woods, and fell and cut up a tree preparatory to sending it to the saw mill. Our white friends aided us by lending teams etc. I am afraid you are being annoyed by our constant expression of thanks for what you have done for us. I assure you it is no small thing, and we appreciate it very highly. Since your wishes must be respected the pupils have decided to call it the "F. B. Sanborn Library" though they wished very much to call it by your name. Now I wish to ask your perusal of the accompanying little letter, written, without my knowledge by our little secretary who is only ten years this coming June. Her father is a prosperous blacksmith and is, apparantly one of the latest importations from Africa he is so very black and ignorant. This child was in her "letters" as they say less than four years ago (our school year consists of seven months) and now reads in the 5th Reader. I send you the childs letter because it seems to be the outpouring of of the heart. Hoping you will kindly think of us and with kind wishes for your happiness from many here. I will spend this pleasant afternoon in writing to one I have never seen but I have often heard my teacher speak of you and read letters from you to us, and talk of you as being his teacher. We are strangers but that matters but a little. I can write to you with just as much love as to any of my friends. We received your box and all were very proud of it indeed, and all my schoolmates thank you and your friends for your kindness. They are such nice books and make such a respectable little Library — just what we had talked about a long while and O, if you could just see if now it looks so beautiful! You said you didn't care to have it named after you, but we had no other name that we thought would suit so nicely as yours, and the scholars all seem to love that so well that we were compelled to name it the P. Carkin Free Library My Dear Friend and Teacher. It is a long, long time since you were here, and I've been thinking for several years of writing to see if you were still numbered with the living, but have kept putting it off from time to time until I've made it very late, but I hope not too late. Your letter of the 10th inst was duly received. It found us well, and indeed, more than glad to hear from you. I am sorry to know that your sight has gotten so poor, but my prayer is that it may not grow much worse for years to come. I was glad and thankful to receive the picture of the "Minute Man" I remember so distinctly about your telling, and trying to have us understand about them years ago. And not only that, but you told and read to us so much that I recall and which has since become real to me, that I have often wished that I could see you, and make some apology for my ignorance and ingratitude, for then it was meaningless to me, and as with me, so I presume it was to a greater or less extent with the others. But much of the ignorance, inexperience and darkness that met you here, have disappeared, and it is beginning to look like a real dispensation of freedom in which every one has some sort of a chance in the race of life. "The old building where you taught has long since been torn away and all that part of the town is laid out in streets and thickly settled It would be hard for you to tell where the old school house stood. The new school house is farther down, near the Court House. If you remember where the gas house was, it is on the same street. x x x I should be glad if you could see this place again and witness the strides the colored people have made from barbarism to civilization. I did not think to tell you in my last, that they own and publish one newspaper in Charlottesville x x x I will tell you my age as well as I can. I call myself 54. The farm house where I was born was burned in May 1865, and with it all the records. My mother, a short time before her death, took me with her to the old place to get our ages, and what they gave us was all guess work. I was born in January 1855 or 1856 Mother knew it was three weeks after Christmas. That was all she knew about it. I am still vigorous and can do more work at almost anything than the average man." I had sent Mr. Minor some pamphlets of the Humane Society and asked him if there was anything of the kind yet in Charlottesville. To which he replied as follows. "No, they have nothing like a humane society any where in Virginia that I ever heard of certainly not in Charlottesville or in Albemarle County I hope to see a "Red Acre Farm" here in our state some day. At present worn out horses as well as worn out men fare tolerably rough. There is nothing like a "Rescue League" These things have not been thought of yet x x x x "No, they have nothing like a humane society any where in Virginia that I ever heard of certainly not in Charlottesville or in Albemarle County I hope to see a "Red Acre Farm" here in our state some day. At present worn out horses as well as worn out men fare tolerably rough. There is nothing like a "Rescue League" These things have not been thought of yet x x x x Your last letter of Sept 16th was duly received. We were glad to hear from you and to learn of the many helpful Societies among you. I thank you very much for the "horses prayer." Some horses do need to say it daily, but I am thankful to say mine have not said it this winter though the winter has been long and severe, interspersed with a day or two of mild weather now and then. x x x x I am quite busy preparing for my crops, and at present the prospects before me are quite bright. I have a great deal more work than I can do but and cannot afford to hire help but am doing very well alone, and when school closes in April Mabel and Irene will help me a little.
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20Author:  Patton John S. (John Shelton) 1857-1932Requires cookie*
 Title:  Jefferson, Cabell and the University of Virginia  
 Published:  2005 
 Subjects:  University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text 
 Description: Until the dawn of the eighteenth century education in Virginia was a special privilege. It was for clergymen and gentlemen,—distinct, as elements,— while the sons of the common people, a term then in frequent use, were well enough employed in making tobacco. The planter who had Madeira in his cellar almost certainly had a tutor in his library for the intellectual behoof of his children; or he sent his sons to Princeton or to the universities of the mother country. The offspring of less fortunate folk grew up in an atmosphere in which Madeira, the clergy, and the pedagogue were little known.
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