| | 1 | Author: | Brooks
William Keith
1848-1908 | Add | | | Title: | The Oyster  | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | A citizen of Maryland will give the oyster a high
place in the list of our resources. The vast number
of oysters which the Chesapeake Bay has furnished in
the past is ample proof of its fertility, but it is difficult
to give any definite statement as to its value. Statistics,
even in recent years, are scanty and doubtful, and
it is not possible to estimate the number of oysters
which our beds have furnished to our people with any
accuracy, although it may be computed, approximately,
from indirect evidence. The business of
packing oysters for shipment to the interior was established
in Maryland in 1834, and from that date to
quite recent years it has grown steadily and constantly,
and, though small and insignificant at first, it
has kept pace with the development of our country,
the growth of our population, and the improvement
of means for transportation. For fifty-six years the
bay has furnished the oysters to meet this constantly
increasing demand. The middle of this period is the
year 1862, and as the greatest development of the
business has taken place since, the business of 1862
may be used as an average for the whole period,
with little danger of error through excess. We have
no statistics for 1862, but in 1865 C. S. Maltby made
a very careful computation of the oyster business of
the whole bay for the year. He says there were 1000
boats engaged in dredging and 1500 canoes engaged
in tonging. The dredgers gathered 3,663,125 bushels
of oysters in Maryland and 1,083,209 bushels in Virginia,
while 1,216,375 bushels were tonged in Maryland
and 981,791 bushels in Virginia, or 6,954,500 bushels
in all. About half of these were sent to Baltimore,
and the rest to the following cities in the following
order: Washington, Alexandria, Boston, Fair Haven,
New York, Philadelphia, Seaford, and Salisbury. Of
the 3,465,000 bushels which came to Baltimore, 625,000;
were consumed in the city and its vicinity, while
2,840,000 bushels were shipped to a distance by Baltimore
packers. Ten years later the harvest of oysters
from the bay had increased to 17,000,000 bushels,
and it has continued to increase, year after year, up
to the last few years. We may safely regard the
harvest of 1865 as an approximation to the annual
average for the whole period of fifty-six years, and
other methods of computation give essentially the
same result. Figure 1. The left side of an oyster lying in one
shell, with the other shell removed. The mantle has
been turned back a little, to show its fringe of dark-colored
tentacles, and in order to expose the gills.
The part of the mantle which is turned back in this
figure marks the place where the current of water
flows in to the gills. An oyster in the right valve of the shell, dissected
so as to show the internal organs. The anterior end
of the body is at the top of the figure, and the dorsal
surface on the right hand. Figure 1. A diagram to show the double-w-like
arrangement of the eight leaves forming the four gills.
The gill-chamber of the mantle is supposed to be on
the right and the cloacal chamber on the left. w is
the opening of a water tube. All the figures are highly magnified and all except
Figure 10 are autograph reproductions from the
author's drawings from nature. Figure 10 is copied
from a figure by R. T. Jackson in the American
Naturalist, December, 1890. Oysters fastened to the upper surface of a round
boulder, which had formed the ballast of some vessel
and had been thrown overboard in the bay, where the
lower half had become embedded in the bottom. The
figure, which is about one-fourth the size of the specimen,
shows the way in which the oysters grow, in
dense crowded clusters, on any solid body which raises
them above the mud. An old shoe, one-fourth natural size, upon which
there are forty oysters, large enough to be marketable,
besides a great number of smaller ones. Figure 2. An oyster shell upon the inside of
which about one hundred and fifty young oysters have
fastened themselves. This is one from the lot of shells
which were sold by Mr. Church, of Crisfield, from the
pile of shells at his packing-house, to an oyster farmer
in Long Island Sound. Mr. Church visited the farm
five weeks after the shells were shipped, and took up
a number of the shells, and he states that the one
which is here figured is a fair sample. (Tiles which were deposited in the Little Annamessex River
by Lieut. Francis Winslow, U. S. N., on July 9, 1879, for the
collection of oyster spat. From Winslow's Report on the Oyster
Beds of Tangier and Pokamoke Sounds.) Spat six weeks old, from a floating collector. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 2 | Author: | Clemons
Harry
1879-1968 | Add | | | Title: | Notes on the Professors for Whom the University of Virginia Halls and Residence Houses are Named | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | Bonnycastle is an apt name for an habitation,
but its appropriateness for one of the
University's Residence Houses stems from
the surname of one of the original Professors,
Charles Bonnycastle. He was born in
England in 1792, the son of a distinguished
Professor of Mathematics at the Royal Military
Academy at Woolwich. Two of John
Bonnycastle's sons achieved notable careers
in the New World. The elder of the two,
Sir Richard Bonnycastle, was a military
engineer in Canada. The younger, Charles,
received his training at Woolwich, and he
was holding a government appointment
when Francis Walker Gilmer, Jefferson's
agent in England to secure a Faculty for
the University of Virginia, persuaded him
to cast his lot with the newly fledged institution.
The voyage to the United States,
which Bonnycastle made with Robley
Dunglison, who was to be Professor of
Medicine, and Thomas Hewitt Key, to be
Professor of Mathematics, was a hazardous
initiation. The ship "Competitor" in which
they sailed was "an old log", and the voyage
was stormy, requiring three and a half
months. In fact, because of the delay, the
first session of the University of Virginia
could not begin until 7 March 1825. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 3 | Author: | Chase
Henry | Add | | | Title: | The North and the South | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | As the basis for future comparisons, in this work, the following
table is introduced, showing the area of the several States,
together with that of the two great sections, the North and the
South:
TABLE I.
Showing the Area of the Slave and the Free States.
SLAVE STATES.
Area in
Sq. Miles.
FREE STATES.
Area in
Sq. Miles.
Alabama
50,722
California
155,980
Arkansas
52,198
Connecticut
4,674
Delaware
2,120
Illinois
55,405
Florida
59,268
Indiana
33,809
Georgia
58,000
Iowa
50,914
Kentucky
37,680
Maine
31,766
Louisiana
41,255
Massachusetts
7,800
Maryland
11,124
Michigan
56,243
Mississippi
47,156
New Hampshire
9,280
Missouri
67,380
New York
47,000
North Carolina
50,704
New Jersey
8,320
South Carolina
29,385
Ohio
39,964
Tennessee
45,600
Pennsylvania
46,000
Texas
237,504
Rhode Island
1,306
Virginia
61,352
Vermont
10,212
Wisconsin
53,924
Total
851,448
Total
612,597 | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 5 | Author: | Clemons
Harry
1879-1968 | Add | | | Title: | The University of Virginia Library, 1825-1950 | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | THOMAS JEFFERSON was as completely the
founder of the University of Virginia Library as
he was the father of the University itself. The
central structure of the notable group of buildings
which he personally planned was designated by him for
the use of the Library. The initial collection of books was
selected by him, and by his efforts it was made possible
to acquire the collection chiefly by purchase. Because
of his wide and insatiable intellectual curiosity and of
his lifetime of enthusiastic adventures as a booklover, the
selection was of comprehensive scope and authoritative
quality. The books were arranged for use according to his
subject classification adapted from Francis Bacon. He chose
the first two Librarians, and he formulated the first library
regulations. During the nineteenth century there was a
moderate increase in the number of volumes. But until
the burning of the Rotunda in 1895, when a considerable
portion of his original collection was destroyed, this was
essentially Mr. Jefferson's University Library. The library
materials and equipment following 1895 have been secured
by the efforts of others. Yet even in this later period, there
has to an accelerating degree been regard for and emphasis
upon the intentions of the founder. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 6 | Author: | Sewell
David R.
1954- | Add | | | Title: | Mark Twain's Languages | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | "Mark Twain's philosophy of language": surely something
seems wrong with the phrase. It is pretentious, it claims too
much, it takes itself too seriously. Mark Twain was a novelist,
not an academic philosopher. Yet we would not balk if
the name were "Melville" or "James," or if "language" were
changed to "history" or "religion." Novelists can be philosophical,
and Mark Twain wrote at least one book, What Is
Man?, that claimed to be philosophy; the systematic determinism
of his later years is notorious.1 We readily grant him a
thorough amateur knowledge of European history but hesitate
to admit his expertise in the very medium of which we
claim he was a master. Why? | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 7 | Author: | Bersuire
Pierre
ca. 1290-1362 | Add | | | Title: | Metamorphosis Ovidiana moraliter a magistro Thoma Walleys anglico de professione ṕdicatorū subsanctissimo patre Dominico explanata | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | AVeritate quidam auditum auertent:ad fabu
las aũt cõuertentur.ij.Thi.iiij.ca. Dicit apo
stolus paulus prędicator & rigator fidei chri
stianę. Quod verbũ ad hoc possuminducere
[unknown character] plerũ[unknown character] fabulis:enigmatibus & poema
tibus est vtendũ vt exinde aliquis moralis
sensus extraha:ur:vt etiam falsitas veritati
famulari cogatur. Sic ete[unknown character] sacra scriptura in pluribus passibus
videtur fecisse vbi ad alicuius veritatis ostensionem fabulas
agnoscitur cõfecisse:sicut apparet in libro iudicũ ca.ix.de fabu
lis arborum volentiũ regem eligere. In ezechie[unknown character].ca.xvij.dea[unknown character]
la quę cedri medullam ficta est transportare. Sacra e[unknown character] scriptura
his & similibus fabulis solet vti vt exinde possit aliqua veritas
extrahi vel concludi. Simili modo fecerunt poetę qui in principio
fabulas finxerũt:quia per hmõi figmenta semper aliquam
veritatem intelligerevoluerunt. Constat e[unknown character] libros poeta[unknown character] trãs
currenti:[unknown character] vix aut nũ[unknown character] est dare fabulam [unknown character] n aliquã: aut natura
lem aut historicam cõtineat veritatem. V nde rabanus de naturis
rerum lib.xvj.ca.j.dicit [unknown character] officiũ poetę est:quę gesta sunt in
alias species obliquis figurationibus cum decore aliquo cõuertere.
Quapropter ibidẽ dici[unknown character] lucanũ nõ fuisse poetam: quia scilicet
visus est historias potius [unknown character] poetica cõfecisse. Latetigitur
qñ[unknown character] sub fabulis veritas naturalis sicut xempli gratia patet de
vulcano: qui a Iunone dici[unknown character] genitus: & de cælo in terram [unknown character]iectus:&
quia de alto cecidit fingitur claudus factus. Iuno enim
aerẽ significat qui reuera vulcanũ.i.istũ ignẽ quẽ hichabem9
generat:& eũ per elisionẽ imbriũ de alto eiicit:qui [unknown character]eo claudus
dici[unknown character]:quia flãma semper tortuose incedit. [unknown character] in fabulis aliquã
dolateat veritas historica patetĩ fabula persei & athlantis. Per
seuse[unknown character] dicitur gorgonẽ occidisse & cum eius capite athlantẽ
maximũ gigantemin montem qui athlas dicitur cõuertisse:[unknown character]a
scilicet perseus strenu9 gorgonẽ filiã phorci regis ĩinsulis meri
dionalibus quæ gorgonicę dicuntur regnabat occidit & vicit:
& caput eius.i.diuitias regnũ & substantiã tulit:cum quo exer
citũ cõgregauit:ita [unknown character] athlantẽ regem aphrcę superauit ipsum
Prologus in metamorphosimmoralísatã.
in mõtẽ fugere coegit:& sic in mõtẽ mutatũ poetica gaulita
ipsum dixit. Quia igitur video [unknown character] fcriptura vtitur fabulis ad ali
cuius rei ostensionẽ & [unknown character] etiã poetę fabulas finxerunt ad verita
tis tam naturalis [unknown character] historicę designationem cõgruummihi vi
sum est post moralizatas rerũ [unknown character] prietates post [unknown character] ad mores reducta
naturę o[unknown character]a: etiã ad moralizãdum fabulas poetarũ: manũ ap
ponere: vt sic [unknown character] ipsas fictiones hoĩm possint morũ & fidei my-
teria cõfirmari. Licitũ est e[unknown character] [unknown character] hõ si possit de spinis vuas col-
igat: mel de petra sugat: oleũ [unknown character] de saxo durissimo sumat sibi:&
quasi de thesauris ęgiptiorũ tabernaculũ fœderis ædificet & cõponat
sicut etiã & Ouidius dicit. Fas est & ab hoste doceri. Ve-
ũ quia de litterali fabularumintellectuiam p[unknown character]imi tractauerunt
scilicet fulgentius Alexander:& Seruius & alij nõnulli quia litte
ralis intellectus non est [unknown character]positi vbi scilicet non agi[unknown character] nisi de reductione
morali: quia insu[unknown character] forte valde difficile ĩmo forte ĩpos
sibile est: sicut bene deducit Aug.de ciui.dei lib.ij.litteralem rõ
nem de oĩbus fabulis assignare: cumlipse Tullius lib.iij. de natura
deorum dicat [unknown character] magnã molestiã & minime necessariã suscepit
zeno prim9: post cleanthes: deinde crisippus cõmentitia-
ũ fabularũ reddere rõnem Hinc est [unknown character] in præsenti opusculo q[unknown character]
huius voluminis mei [unknown character]ticulam effe volo nõ intendo nisi rarissi
e litteralem sensum fabulrũ tangere: sed solũ circa moralem
ensum & allegoicã expositionẽ laborare sequẽdo.s.librũ Oui
dij qui dici[unknown character] metamorphoseos: vbirecte viden[unknown character] quasi [unknown character] modũ
tabulę oẽs fabulę congregatę. Distingãigitur istũ tractatum in
xv.ca.secũdum.xv.lib.in prædicto Ouidij volumine cõtẽtos
Aliquas tñin aliquibus adĩungã fabulas quas in alijs locis reperi.
Aliquasetiã detrahã & omittã quas nõnecessarias iudica
i. Nõ moueat tñ aliquẽquod dicunt aliqui fabulas poetarum
alias fuisse moralizatas:& ad instantiam dominę iohãnę quõdam
reginę franciæ dudũ in rithmũgallicũ fuisse trãslatas: [unknown character]a
reuera opus ill[unknown character] nequa[unknown character] me legisse memĩ.de quo bñ doleo: [unknown character]a
ipsum inuenire nequiut. Illud e[unknown character] labores meos [unknown character] plurimũ re-
euasset: ingenium meũ etiã adiuuisset. Non e[unknown character] fuissẽ dedignatus
expositiones in passibus multis sumere & auctorẽ eaũ hũiliter
allegare. Sed ante[unknown character] ad fabulas descendã prĩo de formis &
figurisdeorũ aliqua dicã. Veruntamen [unknown character]a deo[unknown character] ipso[unknown character] imagines
scriptas vel pictas alicubi nõ potui re[unknown character]ire: habui cosulereve
nerabilẽvirũ magistrũ Franciscũ de petato poetam vti[unknown character] [unknown character]fun
dũ in scĩa:& facũdũn eloquẽtia:& exptũ in o poetica & histo-
disci[unknown character]lina:[unknown character] pręfatas imagines in quodã o[unknown character]e suo eleganti
De Saturno Fo.II.a ij
mero describit. Discurrere etiã libros fulgẽtij. Alexã.& rabni
v de diuersis [unknown character]tib9 trahã figurã v[unknown character] imaginẽ quã dijs istis fictitijs
voluerũt antiqui secũdũ rões phisicas assignare cũ anti[unknown character] p[unknown character]es
deos posuerũt & quasdã rerũ virtutes deos crediderũt & appellauerũt:
vtpote: [unknown character]a [unknown character] sĩtellexerũt [unknown character] saturnũ: ętherẽ [unknown character] iouẽ: aerẽ
[unknown character] iunonẽ: aquã [unknown character] thetidẽ: mare [unknown character] neptunũ: terrã [unknown character] cibelẽ: solẽ [unknown character]
apollinẽ: lunã [unknown character] dianã.& sic de alijs. V ndeipsi antiqui [unknown character]a volue
rũt res naturales vel saltẽ ipsarũ rerũ naturaliũ virtutes deos di
cere:iõ ad hoc volueru nt aliquas aliquo [unknown character] historias applicare.
Primo & añ oĩa videndũ est de saturno qualẽ supponeba[unknown character] hĩe
for mã:& [unknown character]lẽ ĩ scripturis & picturis obtinebat imaginẽ & formã | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 8 | Author: | Bersuire
Pierre
ca. 1290-1362. | Add | | | Title: | Albrici philosophi et poetae doctissimi, Libellus de Deorum imaginibus | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | SAturnus primus deorũ supponebatur,
& pingebatur, ut homo
senex, canus, prolixa barba,
curu9, tristis, & pallidus, tecto ca
pite, colore glauco, qui una manu,
sed dextra falcem tenebat, & in eadẽ serpentis
poreabat imaginem, qui caudam pro
priam dentibus commordebat, Altera ueró,
scilicet sinistra, filiũ paruulũ ados applicabat,
& eum deuorare uidebatur, qui iuxta se habe
bat filios Iouem, scilicet, Neptunum, Plutonẽ
& Iunonem, quorum uirilia Iupiter amputabat,
ante quem erat mare depictum, in quod
Iupiter dicta uirilia abscissa proijciebat, de
quibus Venus puella pulcherrima nasceba[unknown character].
L sbatur.
uxta autem ipsum Saturm erat imago O
pis uxoris suæ in cuiusdam similitudindẽ matronę
depicta, quæ aperta manu dextra, opẽ
omnibus uelle dare prætendebat, panem ue
rò manu sinistra pauperibus porrigebat. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 13 | Author: | Trollope
Frances Milton
1780-1863 | Add | | | Title: | Domestic Manners of the Americans | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | On the 4th of November, 1827, I sailed from
London, accompanied by my son and two
daughters; and after a favourable, though somewhat
tedious voyage, arrived on Christmas—day
at the mouth of the Mississippi. By far the shortest route to Washington, both
as to distance and time, is by land; but I much
wished to see the celebrated Chesapeake bay,
and it was therefore decided that we should
take our passage in the steam-boat. It is indeed
a beautiful little voyage, and well worth
the time it costs; but as to the beauty of the
bay, it must, I think, be felt only by sailors. It
is, I doubt not, a fine shelter for ships, from the
storms of the Atlantic, but its very vastness prevents
its striking the eye as beautiful: it is, in
fact, only a fine sea view. But the entrance
from it into the Potomac river is very noble,
and is one of the points at which one feels conscious
of the gigantic proportions of the country,
without having recourse to a graduated
pencil-case. "Those indebted to me for taxes, fees, notes,
and accounts, are specially requested to call
and pay the same on or before the 1st day of
December, 1828, as no longer indulgence will
be given. I have called time and again, by advertisement
and otherwise, to little effect; but
now the time has come when my situation requires
immediate payment from all indebted to
me. It is impossible for me to pay off the
amount of the duplicates of taxes and my other
debts without recovering the same of those from
whom it is due. I am at a loss to know the
reason why those charged with taxes neglect to
pay; from the negligence of many it would
seem that they think the money is mine, or that
I have funds to discharge the taxes due to the
State, and that I can wait with them until it
suits their convenience to pay. The money is
not mine; neither have I the funds to settle
amount of the duplicate. My only resort is to
collect; in doing so I should be sorry to have
to resort to the authority given me by law for
the recovery of the same. It should be the first
object of every good citizen to pay his taxes, for
it is in that way government is supported. Why
are taxes assessed unless they are collected?
Depend upon it, I shall proceed to collect agreeably
to law, so govern yourselves accordingly. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 14 | Author: | Chesnut
Mary Boykin Miller
1823-1886 | Add | | | Title: | A Diary from Dixie | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | CHARLESTON, S. C., November 8, 1860.—Yesterday
on the train, just before we reached Fernandina, a
woman called out: "That settles the hash." Tanny
touched me on the shoulder and said: "Lincoln's elected."
"How do you know?" "The man over there has a telegram." My Dear Mary: I wrote you a short letter from Richmond
last Wednesday, and came here next day. Found the camp all
busy and preparing for a vigorous defense. We have here at this
camp seven regiments, and in the same command, at posts in the
neighborhood, six others—say, ten thousand good men. The General
and the men feel confident that they can whip twice that
number of the enemy, at least. For the last three days I have been a witness of the
most stirring events of modern times. On my arrival here,
I found the government so absorbed in the great battle
pending, that I found it useless to talk of the special business
that brought me to this place. As soon as it is over,
which will probably be to-morrow, I think that I can easily
accomplish all that I was sent for. I have no doubt that we
can procure another general and more forces, etc. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 15 | Author: | Robinson
Morgan Poitiaux
1876-1943 | Add | | | Title: | The Burning of the Rotunda | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | Now that the Whirl-i-gig of Time has once more brought
'round to us the Month of May, and, with its closing days, the
Centennial Celebration of the University, it has seemed not
inappropriate that we should have an illustrated re-print of
The Burning of the Rotunda; which, in the October, 1905,
issue of the University of Virginia Magazine, described
the event as "that fortunate catastrophe which, by reason of
the renewed energy and vigor which it has instilled into our
alumni and all lovers of higher education in this state, may
with some justice be characterized as the second epoch in the
history of the University,—the founding being reckoned as the
first and the Installation of Dr. Alderman as the third." | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 16 | Author: | Phillips
Ulrich Bonnell
1877-1934 | Add | | | Title: | American Negro Slavery | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | THE Portuguese began exploring the west coast of Africa
shortly before Christopher Columbus was born; and no
sooner did they encounter negroes than they began to
seize and carry them in captivity to Lisbon. The court chronicler
Azurara set himself in 1452, at the command of Prince
Henry, to record the valiant exploits of the negro-catchers. Reflecting
the spirit of the time, he praised them as crusaders bringing
savage heathen for conversion to civilization and Christianity.
He gently lamented the massacre and sufferings involved,
but thought them infinitely outweighed by the salvation of souls.
This cheerful spirit of solace was destined long to prevail
among white peoples when contemplating the hardships of the
colored races. But Azurara was more than a moralizing annalist.
He acutely observed of the first cargo of captives brought
from southward of the Sahara, less than a decade before his
writing, that after coming to Portugal "they never more tried to
fly, but rather in time forgot all about their own country," that
"they were very loyal and obedient servants, without malice";
and that "after they began to use clothing they were for the most
part very fond of display, so that they took great delight in robes
of showy colors, and such was their love of finery that they
picked up the rags that fell from the coats of other people of
the country and sewed them on their own garments, taking great
pleasure in these, as though it were matter of some greater
perfection."1
1 Gomez Eannes de Azurara, Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of
Guinea, translated by C. R. Beazley and E. P. Prestage, in the Hakluyt Society
Publications, XCV, 85.
These few broad strokes would portray with
equally happy precision a myriad other black servants born centuries
after the writer's death and dwelling in a continent of
whose existence he never dreamed, Azurara wrote further that
while some of the captives were not able to endure the change
and died happily as Christians, the others, dispersed among Portuguese
households, so ingratiated themselves that many were
set free and some were married to men and women of the land
and acquired comfortable estates. This may have been an earnest
of future conditions in Brazil and the Spanish Indies; but
in the British settlements it fell out far otherwise. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 17 | Author: | Thomas
Isaiah
1749-1831 | Add | | | Title: | The History of Printing in America, with a Biography of Printers, and an Account of Newspapers ... | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | "At a Council held at the Council Chamber in Boston,
Tuesday Dec. 10th, 1771. The art of printing was first introduced into Spanish
America, as early as the middle of the sixteenth century.
The historians, whose works I have consulted, are all
silent as to the time when it was first practiced on the
American continent; and the knowledge we have of the
Spanish territories, especially of Mexico and Peru, is so
circumscribed, that we cannot fix on any precise date as
the period of its commencement; but it is certain that
printing was executed, both in Mexico and Peru, long
before it made its appearance in the British North American
colonies. I do not mean to assert, however, that it is
impossible to ascertain the place where, and the exact date
when, the first printing was performed in the extensive
provinces belonging to Spain in America; but as respects
myself, I have found that insurmountable difficulties have
attended the inquiry.1
1 When Mr. Thomas wrote his History of Printing in America, little was
known of its introduction in Spanish America. All the works he had
consulted on the subject were silent as to the time. Historians of the art
were ignorant on this point, for the reason that if there existed in Europe
any specimens of very early printing in America, the investigator did
not know under what name to search for them. A writer sixty years
ago is excusable for the lack of correct information, since Mr. Humphreys,
one of the highest authorities and most recent authors on the history of
printing, says that the art "was introduced in America by Mendoza in
1566, his printer being Antonio Espinoza." (Hist. Art of Printing.
Lond., 1868, p. 206). Rather than attempt to alter Mr. Thomas's remarks,
we have preferred to give in the appendix a new article on the history
of printing in Spanish America, which has been furnished us by Hon.
John R. Bartlett, of Providence, R. I. See Appendix A.—H.
"The bible is now about half done; and constant progresse
therin is made; the other halfe is like to bee finished
in a yeare; the future charge is vncertain; wee have heer
with sent twenty coppies of the New Testament [in Indian]
to bee disposed of as youer honors shall see meet. The
trust youer honors hath seen meet to repose in vs for the
manageing of this worke we shall endeauor in all faithfulness
to discharge. Wee craue leave att present for the
preuenting of an objection that may arise concerning the
particulars charged for the printing wherin you will find
2 sheets att three pounds ten shillings a sheet, and the
rest butt att 50 shillings a sheet, the reason wherof lyes
heer: It pleased the honored corporation to send ouer one
Marmeduke Johnson a printer to attend the worke on
condition as they will enforme you; whoe hath caryed
heer very vnworthyly of which hee hath bine openly Convicted
and sencured in some of our Courts although as
yett noe execution of sentence against him: peculiare
fauor haueing bine showed him with respect to the corporation
that sent him ouer; but notwithstanding all
patience and lenitie vsed towards him hee hath proued
uery idle and nought and absented himselfe from the
worke more than halfe a yeare att one time; for want of
whose assistance the printer [Green] by his agreement
with vs was to haue the allowance of 21 lb. the which is
to bee defallcated out of his sallery in England by the
honored Corporation there." "By his Excellency.—I order Benjamin Harris to print the Acts
and Laws made by the Great and General Court, or Assembly of
Their Majesties Province of Massachusetts Bay in New England,
that so the people may be informed thereof. "Whereas one Samuel Keimer, who lately came into
this Province of Pennsylvania, hath Printed and Published
divers Papers, particularly one Entituled A Parable, &c.,
in some Parts of which he assumes to use such a Stile and
Language, as that perhaps he may be Deemed, where he is
not known, to be one of the People called Quakers. This
may therefore Certifie, That the said Samuel Keimer is
not one of the said People, nor Countenanced by them in
the aforesaid Practices. Signed by Order of the Monthly
Meeting of the said People called Quakers, held at Philadelphia,
the 29th Day of the Ninth Month, 1723. "Whereas there hath been lately Published and Spread
abroad in this Province and elsewhere, a lying Pamphlet,
called an Almanack, set out and Printed by Samuel Keimer,
to reproach, ridicule, and rob an honest Man of his Reputation,
and strengthening his Adversaries, and not only
so, but he hath Notoriously Branded the Gospel Minister
of the Church of England with ignominious Names, for
Maintaining a Gospel Truth, and reproacheth all the Professors
of Christ and Christianity, as may be seen in his
Almanack in the Month of December; now all judicious
Readers may fairly see what this Man's Religion Consisteth
in, only in his Beard and his sham keeping of the Seventh
Day Sabbath, following Christ only for Loaves and Fishes.
This may give Notice to the Author of this Mischief, that
if he do not readily Condemn what he hath done, and
Satisfy the Abused, he may expect to be Prosecuted as the
Law shall direct. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 18 | Author: | Siebert
Wilbur Henry
1866-1961 | Add | | | Title: | The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | Historians who deal with the rise and culmination of the
anti-slavery movement in the United States have comparatively
little to say of one phase of it that cannot be neglected
if the movement is to be fully understood. This is the so-called
Underground Railroad, which, during, fifty years or
more, was secretly engaged in helping fugitive slaves to
reach places of security in the free states and in Canada.
Henry Wilson speaks of the romantic interest attaching to
the subject, and illustrates the coöperative efforts made by
abolitionists in behalf of colored refugees in two short chapters
of the second volume of his Rise and Fall of the Slave
Power in America.1
1 Chapters VI and VII, pp. 61–86. B
Von Hoist makes several references to
the work of the Road in his well-known History of the United
States, and predicts that "The time will yet come, even in
the South, when due recognition will be given to the touching
unselfishness, simple magnanimity and glowing love of
freedom of these law-breakers on principle, who were for the
most part people without name, money, or higher education."2
2 Vol. III, p. 552, foot-note.
Rhodes in his great work, the History of the United
States from the Compromise of 1850, mentions the system, but
considers it only as a manifestation of popular sentiment.1
1 History of the United States, Vol. II, pp. 74–77, 361, 362.
Other writers give less space to an account of this enterprise,
although it was one that extended throughout many Northern
states, and in itself supplied the reason for the enactment of
the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, one of the most remarkable
measures issuing from Congress during the whole anti-slavery
struggle. Dear Sir,—I received yours of the 26th ult. and was very glad
to hear from it that Stephen Quixot had such good luck in getting
his family from Virginia, but we began to be very uneasy about
them as we did not hear from them again until last Saturday, . . .
we then heard they were on the route leading through Summerfield,
but that the route from there to Somerton was so closely
watched both day and night for some time past on account of the
human cattle that have lately escaped from Virginia, that they
could not proceed farther on that route. So we made an arrangement
with the Summerfield friends to meet them on Sunday evening
about ten miles west of this and bring them on to this
route . . . the abolitionists of the west part of this county have
had very difficult work in getting them all off without being caught,
as the whole of that part of the country has been filled with
Southern blood hounds upon their track, and some of the abolitionists'
houses have been watched day and night for several days
in succession. This evening a company of eight Virginia hounds
passed through this place north on the hunt of some of their two-legged
chattels. . . . Since writing the above I have understood
that something near twenty Virginians including the eight above
mentioned have just passed through town on their way to the
Somerton neighborhood, but I do not think they will get much information
about their lost chattels there. . . . Business is aranged for Saturday
night be on the lookout and if practicable
let a cariage come & meet the carawan Dear Sir:—By to-morrow evening's mail, you will receive two
volumes of the "Irrepressible Conflict" bound in black. After
perusal, please forward, and oblige, Dear Grinnell:—Uncle Tom says if the roads are not too bad
you can look for those fleeces of wool by to-morrow. Send them
on to test the market and price, no back charges. Dear Sir:—I understand you are a friend to the poor and
are willing to obey the heavenly mandate, "Hide the outcasts,
betray not him that wandereth." Believing this, and at the
request of Stephen Fairfax (who has been permitted in divine
providence to enjoy for a few days the kind of liberty which
Ohio gives to the man of colour), I would be glad if you could
find out and let me know by letter what are the prospects if any
and the probable time when, the balance of the family will make
the same effort to obtain their inalienable right to life, liberty,
and the pursuit of happiness. Their friends who have gone
north are very anxious to have them follow, as they think it
much better to work for eight or ten dollars per month than
to work for nothing. Dear Friend,—The contributions of the churches in behalf of
the fugitive slaves I think have about all come in. I herewith
inclose you a schedule thereof, amounting in all to about $800,
being but little more than half as much as they contributed in 1851. . . . I have got some nice books (old ones) coming across
the water. But, alas me! such is the state of the poor fugitive
slaves, that I must attend to living men, and not to dead books,
and all this winter my time has been occupied with these poor
souls. The Vigilance Committee appointed me spiritual counsellor
of all fugitive slaves in Massachusetts while in peril. . . . The
Fugitive Slave Law has cost me some months of time already. I
have refused about sixty invitations to lecture and delayed the
printing of my book—for that! Truly the land of the pilgrims
is in great disgrace! "There was committed to the jail in Warren County, Kentucky,
as runaway slave, on the 29th September, 1862, a negro man calling
himself Jo Miner. He says he is free, but has nothing to
show to establish the fact. He is about thirty-five years of age,
very dark copper color, about five feet eight inches high, and will
weigh one hundred and fifty pounds. The owner can come forward,
prove property, and pay charges, or he will be dealt with as
the law requires. Dear Sir at the suggestion of friend Judge Conway I address
you these few hastily written lines. I see I am expected to give
you some information as to the present condition of the U.G.R.R.
in Kansas or more particularly at the Lawrence depot. In order
that you may fully understand the present condition of affairs I
shall ask your permission to relate a small bit of the early history
of this, the only paying, R. R. in Kansas. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
| 20 | Author: | Fenollosa
Ernest Francisco
1853-1908 | Add | | | Title: | "Noh", or, Accomplishment | | | | Published: | 2003 | | | | Subjects: | University of Virginia Library, Modern English collection | UVA-LIB-Text | | | | Description: | Our ancestor was called Umegu Hiogu no Kami
Tomotoki. He was the descendant in the ninth
generation of Tachibana no Moroye Sadaijin, and
lived in Umedzu Yamashiro, hence his family name.
After that he lived in Oshima, in the province of
Tamba, and died in the fourth year of Ninwa
Moroye's descendant, the twenty-second after Tomotoki,
was called Hiogu no Kami Tomosato. He
was a samurai in Tamba, as his fathers before him.
The twenty-eighth descendant was Hiogu no Kami
Kagehisa. His mother dreamed that a Noh mask
was given from heaven; she conceived, and Kagehisa
was born. From his childhood Kagehisa liked
music and dancing, and he was by nature very
excellent in both of these arts. The Emperor
Gotsuchi Mikado heard his name, and in January
in the 13th year of Bunmei he called him to his
palace and made him perform the play Ashikari.
Kagehisa was then sixteen years old. The Emperor
admired him greatly and gave him the decoration
(Monsuki) and a curtain which was purple above
and white below, and he gave him the honorific
ideograph "waka" and thus made him change his
name to Umewaka. By the Emperor's order,
Ushoben Fugiwara no Shunmei sent the news of
this and the gifts to Kagehisa. The letter of the
Emperor, given at that time, is still in our house.
The curtain was, unfortunately, burned in the great
fire of Yedo on the 4th of March in the third year
of Bunka. Kagehisa died in the second year of
Kioroku and after him the family of Umewaka
became professional actors of Noh. Hironaga, the
thirtieth descendant of Umewaka Taiyu Rokuro,
served Ota Nobunaga.1
1Nobunaga died in 1582.
And he was given a territory
of 700 koku in Tamba. And he died in
Nobunaga's battle, Akechi. His son, Taiyu Rokuro
Ujimori, was called to the palace of Tokugawa Iyeyasu
in the fourth year of Keicho, and given a territory
of 100 koku near his home in Tamba. He
died in the third year of Kambun. After that the
family of Umewaka served the Tokugawa shoguns
with Noh for generation after generation down to
the revolution of Meiji (1868). These are the outlines
of the genealogy of my house. | | | Similar Items: | Find |
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